paranasal sinus cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule is considered a rare malignancy that differs from other sinonasal malignancies in many respects. Four staging systems currently exist for this disease, the most recent addition being the "Rome" classification. This study assesses the use of this new classification and its prognostic value regarding various outcome measures. A retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients with a primary squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule who were treated in three tertiary head and neck oncology referral centers was conducted...

Metastatic neoplasms occurring in the nasal and paranasal sinuses are infrequent occurrences. In this study, we present one such case of a 61-year-old male patient with a known clear cell renal carcinoma presenting to us with signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis. The patient subsequently underwent CT and MRI examinations, which revealed a neoplastic mass in the right frontal sinus, which was surgically resected and was later confirmed histologically as a metastatic deposit from clear cell renal carcinoma...

Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumors (SMARCA4-UTs) are rare undifferentiated thoracic malignancies with poor prognosis. They predominantly affect young men who are heavy smokers. Recently, the category of SMARCA4-deficiency-related malignancy has been expanded to include extra-thoracic sites, such as the paranasal sinuses, gastrointestinal tract, ovary, and uterus. We report a rare case of SMARCA4-deficient tumors in the adrenal gland and small intestines. SMARCA4-deficient tumors should be included in the differential diagnosis when multiple large masses with heterogeneous contrast effect and strong accumulation are seen in cancers of unknown primary on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT)...

Adenocarcinomas of the nasal/paranasal sinuses are uncommon, but intestinal-type adenocarcinomas (ITACs) are important. Due to the rarity of these tumors, their molecular profile is not well known. To further investigate the molecular profile and find potential oncogenic drivers, we compared the whole transcriptome and exome of ITACs at different anatomic locations in the head and neck. Twenty-one head and neck adenocarcinomas were used in this study, divided into 10 sinonasal adenocarcinomas (SNT) and 11 extrasinonasal (T) head and neck adenocarcinomas according to anatomic location and histology...

PURPOSE: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a standard therapy for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/MHNSCC), however, there are still unanswered questions about immunotherapy. Furthermore, immunotherapy for R/MHNSCC of the mainland Chinese population are lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ICIs in real-world settings in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 59 patients with R/MHNSCC who received immunotherapy between May 2019 and December 2021...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Optimal quality assurance is vital in head and neck (HN) radiotherapy (RT), as inferior dosimetry has proven to compromise survival in HN cancer patients. Image guidance using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has enabled precise matching of tumor targets. The objective was to analyze the translational and rotational shifts obtained from HN CBCT in order to develop the 6D HN imaging protocol, henceforth to achieve the best precision radiotherapy. MATERIALS/METHODS: Sixty patients who received treatment from January 2021 to September 2022 were randomly selected - 10 from each sub-site (paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, oral cavity, larynx-hypopharynx-thyroid and early-stage glottis)...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Historically, collagen vascular disease (CVD) was considered at least a relative contraindication to radiotherapy (RT). However, more recent meta-analyses suggest that for patients with certain CVDs such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there may not be an increased risk for severe toxicities, while for patients with CVDs such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dermatomyositis (DM) and scleroderma, there may be as high as a 2- to 4-fold risk for severe toxicities compared to patients without CVD...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) can cause acute toxicities resulting in weight loss warranting alterative enteral access. Some institutions favor prophylactic gastrostomy tube (GT) placement to prevent malnutrition at the forefront, while others choose to reactively place tubes if nutritional deficits arise. Though prophylactic GT placement may limit on-treatment weight loss, this approach may result in unneeded GT placement and may potentially impact long-term swallowing function...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the head and neck are rare and diverse entities that are challenging to manage. Definitive treatment requires surgery, often with radiation therapy (RT). We sought to describe the outcomes of patients treated curatively with surgery and RT for head and neck STS. MATERIALS/METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of patients treated at a tertiary cancer center for non-metastatic STS of the head and neck between 1968 and 2020; over half were treated in the modern era defined as 2005 or after...

BACKGROUND: The head and neck cancers (HNCs) incidence differs between Europe and East Asia. Our objective was to determine whether survival of HNC also differs between European and Asian countries. METHODS: We used population-based cancer registry data to calculate 5-year relative survival (RS) for the oral cavity, hypopharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, and major salivary gland in Europe, Taiwan, and Japan. We modeled RS with a generalized linear model adjusting for time since diagnosis, sex, age, subsite, and histological grouping...

INTRODUCTION: Head and neck cancer is a common and aggressive malignancy with a high morbidity and mortality profile that occur in several anatomical sites in the head and neck region. They constitute the tenth most common cancer in the world. Metastatic head and neck cancers are associated with severe morbidities and its treatment is mainly palliative. This study examined the patterns of metastases of head and neck cancer in patients in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. METHOD: The data extraction form was used to obtain information from the Radiotherapy treatments records and the case notes of patients with histological diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancers between 2002 and 2011 at the Radiotherapy department, University College Hospital, Ibadan...

Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) is a relatively common, but often misdiagnosed disease of paranasal sinuses. The FRS is classified into invasive and non-invasive forms. The non-invasive form includes fungal ball and allergic FRS, and invasive form includes acute invasive FRS, chronic invasive FRS, and granulomatous FRS. Invasive fungal infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality, hence requiring urgent medical and surgical intervention. The histomorphology can help identify certain fungal organisms that cannot be cultured or are rarely visible in exudates...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the utility of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence for resection of head and neck carcinoma. METHODS: In this prospective pilot trial, 5-ALA was administered as an oral suspension 3-5 h prior to induction of anesthesia for resection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Following resection, 405 nm blue light was applied, and fluorescence of the tumor as well as the surgical bed was recorded. Specimen fluorescence intensity was graded categorically as none (score = 0), mild (1), moderate (2), or robust (3) by the operating surgeon intraoperatively and corroborated with final pathologic diagnosis...

OBJECTIVES: To explore the feasibility of making a submental perforator flap distal to the connecting line between the mastoid and the sternoclavicular joint under the guidance of neck-enhanced CT and repairing the postoperative defect of upper airway malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively analysed 19 cases of upper airway malignant tumours treated in our department from January 2021 to September 2022, including 17 males and 2 females, aged 43-70 years...

PURPOSE: Second primary cancers (SPCs) after nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) are rare, but have an impact on the follow-up of this patient population. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature to determine the prevalence and most typical sites of SPCs after NPC. METHODS: We searched the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles on SPCs after NPC. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed...

Objective  Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses host a variety of malignant tumors with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) being the most frequent cancer of salivary gland origin. The histological origin of such tumors virtually precludes primarily intracranial localization. The aim of this study is to report cases of primarily intracranial ACC without evidence of other primary lesions at the end of an exhaustive diagnostic workup. Methods  An electronic medical record search complemented by manual searching was conducted to identify prospective and retrospective cases of intracranial ACCs treated in Endoscopic Skull Base Centre Athens at the Hygeia Hospital, Athens from 2010 until 2021 with a mean follow-up time of at least 3 years...

BACKGROUND: Carcinosarcomas are rare, aggressive malignancies that can arise in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. There are limited outcome data available. Accordingly, we sought to use the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to characterize patient demographics and outcomes. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of the NCDB from 2004 to 2016 for patients with sinonasal carcinosarcoma was conducted. RESULTS: Thirty patients were included. The patients were predominantly male ( n  = 20), white ( n  = 23), and privately insured ( n  = 15), with an average age of 62...

One of the rare tumor entities present in the nose and paranasal sinuses is sinonasal (non-) intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC/non-ITAC). Currently, surgery with postoperative radiotherapy is the cornerstone of the treatment of these tumors. Systemic treatment is usually applied in a palliative setting. The prognosis of these tumors is very diverse. Biomarkers that may have prognostic value in these rare malignancies could help clinicians in decision-making. A systematic search of the literature was performed using the PubMed database...

The prognostic value of conventional histopathological parameters in the sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) has been debated and novel variables should be investigated. Increasing evidence demonstrated that the evolution of cancer is strongly dependent upon the complex interactions within tumor microenvironment. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the features of immune microenvironment in terms of CD3+ and CD8+ cells in a series of ITAC and explore their prognostic role, as well as their relations with clinicopathological variables...

Among the 16,000 new cases of malignant tumors of the head and neck diagnosed in France each year, 10% are not conventional squamous cell carcinomas. These so-called rare cancers are distinguished by their presentation and patterns of failure, which is important to recognize in order to offer specific adapted management and maximize the chances of tumor control. These cancers can be rare by their histology, which determines their local invasiveness, and their hematogenous/nodal spread. Their diagnosis can be difficult and often requires comprehensive immunohistochemistry and genomic techniques...