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JOURNAL ARTICLE
John O'Neill, Sandeep S Dhillon, Christina Tianyun Ma, Euan Graeme Crowther Stubbs, Nader A Khalidi, George Ioannidis, Karen A Beattie, Raj Carmona
OBJECTIVE: The interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports is crucial for the diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis, but the subjective nature of narrative reports can lead to varying interpretations. This study presents a validation of a novel MRI reporting system for the sacroiliac joint in clinical practice. METHODS: A historical review was conducted on 130 consecutive patients referred by 2 rheumatologists for initial MRI assessment of possible axial spondyloarthritis...
April 10, 2024: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology: Practical Reports on Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cathrine Axfors, Ole Fröbert, Perrine Janiaud, Emmanuel Zavalis, Lars G Hemkens, John P A Ioannidis
In medical research as a whole, frequent inaccurate or biased findings are of international concern. One measure against reporting biases is study registration before the start of data collection (preregistration), preferably together with the statistical analysis plan. This meta-research study systematically evaluated registration of Swedish observational research based on national health registries. In a random sample of registry-based observational studies published 2010-2022, very few were preregistered with a publicly available analysis plan (<1 procent)...
April 8, 2024: Läkartidningen
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher D Pfledderer, Lauren von Klinggraeff, Sarah Burkart, Alexsandra da Silva Bandeira, David R Lubans, Russell Jago, Anthony D Okely, Esther M F van Sluijs, John P A Ioannidis, James F Thrasher, Xiaoming Li, Michael W Beets
BACKGROUND: In the behavioral sciences, conducting pilot and/or feasibility studies (PFS) is a key step that provides essential information used to inform the design, conduct, and implementation of a larger-scale trial. There are more than 160 published guidelines, reporting checklists, frameworks, and recommendations related to PFS. All of these publications offer some form of guidance on PFS, but many focus on one or a few topics. This makes it difficult for researchers wanting to gain a broader understanding of all the relevant and important aspects of PFS and requires them to seek out multiple sources of information, which increases the risk of missing key considerations to incorporate into their PFS...
April 6, 2024: Pilot and Feasibility Studies
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rosa Katia Bellomo, Emmanuel A Zavalis, John P A Ioannidis
Space medicine is a vital discipline with often time-intensive and costly projects and constrained opportunities for studying various elements such as space missions, astronauts, and simulated environments. Moreover, private interests gain increasing influence in this discipline. In scientific disciplines with these features, transparent and rigorous methods are essential. Here, we undertook an evaluation of transparency indicators in publications within the field of space medicine. A meta-epidemiological assessment of PubMed Central Open Access (PMC OA) eligible articles within the field of space medicine was performed for prevalence of code sharing, data sharing, pre-registration, conflicts of interest, and funding...
2024: PloS One
#5
Chirag J Patel, John Pa Ioannidis, Edward W Gregg, Ramachandran S Vasan, Arjun K Manrai
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: There are a number of glycemic definitions for prediabetes; however, the heterogeneity in diabetes transition rates from prediabetes across different glycemic definitions in major US cohorts has been unexplored. We hypothesize that a significant source of variation in the transition rate are cohorts themselves. We estimate the variability in risk and relative risk of diabetes based on diagnostic criteria like fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1C% (HbA1c%). METHODS: We estimated transition rate from prediabetes, as defined by fasting glucose between 100-125 and/or 110-125 mg/dL, and HbA1c% between 5...
March 18, 2024: medRxiv
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Howard Bauchner, John P A Ioannidis
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 1, 2024: JAMA health forum
#7
REVIEW
Michaéla C Schippers, John P A Ioannidis, Matthias W J Luijks
Just like an army of ants caught in an ant mill, individuals, groups and even whole societies are sometimes caught up in a Death Spiral, a vicious cycle of self-reinforcing dysfunctional behavior characterized by continuous flawed decision making, myopic single-minded focus on one (set of) solution(s), denial, distrust, micromanagement, dogmatic thinking and learned helplessness. We propose the term Death Spiral Effect to describe this difficult-to-break downward spiral of societal decline. Specifically, in the current theory-building review we aim to: (a) more clearly define and describe the Death Spiral Effect; (b) model the downward spiral of societal decline as well as an upward spiral; (c) describe how and why individuals, groups and even society at large might be caught up in a Death Spiral; and (d) offer a positive way forward in terms of evidence-based solutions to escape the Death Spiral Effect...
2024: Frontiers in sociology
#8
Lauren von Klinggraeff, Chris D Pfledderer, Sarah Burkart, Kaitlyn Ramey, Michal Smith, Alexander C McLain, Bridget Armstrong, R Glenn Weaver, Anthony Okely, David Lubans, John P A Ioannidis, Russell Jago, Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy, James Thrasher, Xiaoming Li, Michael W Beets
Background Preliminary studies (e.g., pilot/feasibility studies) can result in misleading evidence that an intervention is ready to be evaluated in a large-scale trial when it is not. Risk of Generalizability Biases (RGBs, a set of external validity biases) represent study features that influence estimates of effectiveness, often inflating estimates in preliminary studies which are not replicated in larger-scale trials. While RGBs have been empirically established in interventions targeting obesity, the extent to which RGBs generalize to other health areas is unknown...
February 26, 2024: Research Square
#9
REVIEW
Teresa Cunha-Oliveira, John P A Ioannidis, Paulo J Oliveira
Effective data management is crucial for scientific integrity and reproducibility, a cornerstone of scientific progress. Well-organized and well-documented data enable validation and building upon results. Data management encompasses activities including organization, documentation, storage, sharing, and preservation. Robust data management establishes credibility, fostering trust within the scientific community and benefiting researchers' careers. In experimental biomedicine, comprehensive data management is vital due to the typically intricate protocols, extensive metadata, and large datasets...
March 7, 2024: Physiological Reviews
#10
EDITORIAL
John P A Ioannidis, Judith J Prochaska
An estimated 1.1 billion people currently smoke cigarettes,1 and 50 to 70% likely will die from tobacco-related causes.2 This translates to 550 to 770 million expected tobacco deaths among those who currently smoke. Many additional deaths will accrue in successive generations if the status quo continues. Of interest is the reversibility of the excess mortality risk of smoking. The meta-analysis by Cho et al.3 of four large national cohorts of nearly 1.5 million adults followed on average 14.8 years yielded 23...
March 2024: NEJM Evid
#11
EDITORIAL
John P Ioannidis
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 21, 2024: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
#12
REVIEW
Amalio Telenti, Michael Auli, Brian L Hie, Cyrus Maher, Suchi Saria, John P A Ioannidis
Large language models (LLMs) are a type of machine learning model that learn statistical patterns over text, such as predicting the next words in a sequence of text. Both general purpose and task-specific LLMs have demonstrated potential across diverse applications. Science and medicine have many data types that are highly suitable for LLMs, such as scientific texts (publications, patents and textbooks), electronic medical records, large databases of DNA and protein sequences and chemical compounds. Carefully validated systems that can understand and reason across all these modalities may maximize benefits...
February 21, 2024: European Journal of Clinical Investigation
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephan B Bruns, Teshome K Deressa, T D Stanley, Chris Doucouliagos, John P A Ioannidis
Using a sample of 70,399 published p-values from 192 meta-analyses, we empirically estimate the counterfactual distribution of p-values in the absence of any biases. Comparing observed p-values with counterfactually expected p-values allows us to estimate how many p-values are published as being statistically significant when they should have been published as non-significant. We estimate the extent of selectively reported p-values to range between 57.7% and 71.9% of the significant p-values. The counterfactual p-value distribution also allows us to assess shifts of p-values along the entire distribution of published p-values, revealing that particularly very small p-values (p < 0...
February 21, 2024: Research Synthesis Methods
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Silja H Overgaard, Caroline M Moos, John P A Ioannidis, George Luta, Johannes I Berg, Sabrina M Nielsen, Vibeke Andersen, Robin Christensen
The objective of this meta-epidemiological study was to explore the impact of attrition rates on treatment effect estimates in randomised trials of chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) treated with biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying drugs. We sampled trials from Cochrane reviews. Attrition rates and primary endpoint results were retrieved from trial publications; Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated from the odds of withdrawing in the experimental intervention compared to the control comparison groups (i...
February 13, 2024: Research Synthesis Methods
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
František Bartoš, Maximilian Maier, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Franziska Nippold, Hristos Doucouliagos, John P A Ioannidis, Willem M Otte, Martina Sladekova, Teshome K Deresssa, Stephan B Bruns, Daniele Fanelli, T D Stanley
Publication selection bias undermines the systematic accumulation of evidence. To assess the extent of this problem, we survey over 68,000 meta-analyses containing over 700,000 effect size estimates from medicine (67,386/597,699), environmental sciences (199/12,707), psychology (605/23,563), and economics (327/91,421). Our results indicate that meta-analyses in economics are the most severely contaminated by publication selection bias, closely followed by meta-analyses in environmental sciences and psychology, whereas meta-analyses in medicine are contaminated the least...
February 7, 2024: Research Synthesis Methods
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Esra Albaz, Evangelia Katsavou, Naciye Sena Cagatay, Panagiotis Ioannidis, Aris Ilias, Kyriaki Mylona, Katerina Kremi, Emmanouil Roditakis, Nurper Guz, John Vontas
The European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Denis & Shiffermüller 1776) is an economically important pest of the vine-growing areas worldwide. Chemical insecticides have been used for its control; however, its resistance status is largely unknown in many regions. We monitored the susceptibility of several L. botrana populations from Greece and Turkey. In addition, based on RNAseq transcriptome analysis, we identified and phylogenetically classify the cytochrome P450 genes of L. botrana , as well as analysed target site sequences and looked for the presence of known resistance mutations...
February 8, 2024: Bulletin of Entomological Research
#17
Cathrine Axfors, Andreas M Schmitt, Perrine Janiaud, Janneke Van't Hooft, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Ehab F Abdo, Benjamin S Abella, Javed Akram, Ravi K Amaravadi, Derek C Angus, Yaseen M Arabi, Shehnoor Azhar, Lindsey R Baden, Arthur W Baker, Leila Belkhir, Thomas Benfield, Marvin A H Berrevoets, Cheng-Pin Chen, Tsung-Chia Chen, Shu-Hsing Cheng, Chien-Yu Cheng, Wei-Sheng Chung, Yehuda Z Cohen, Lisa N Cowan, Olav Dalgard, Fernando F de Almeida E Val, Marcus V G de Lacerda, Gisely C de Melo, Lennie Derde, Vincent Dubee, Anissa Elfakir, Anthony C Gordon, Carmen M Hernandez-Cardenas, Thomas Hills, Andy I M Hoepelman, Yi-Wen Huang, Bruno Igau, Ronghua Jin, Felipe Jurado-Camacho, Khalid S Khan, Peter G Kremsner, Benno Kreuels, Cheng-Yu Kuo, Thuy Le, Yi-Chun Lin, Wu-Pu Lin, Tse-Hung Lin, Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken, Colin McArthur, Bryan J McVerry, Patricia Meza-Meneses, Wuelton M Monteiro, Susan C Morpeth, Ahmad Mourad, Mark J Mulligan, Srinivas Murthy, Susanna Naggie, Shanti Narayanasamy, Alistair Nichol, Lewis A Novack, Sean M O'Brien, Nwora Lance Okeke, Léna Perez, Rogelio Perez-Padilla, Laurent Perrin, Arantxa Remigio-Luna, Norma E Rivera-Martinez, Frank W Rockhold, Sebastian Rodriguez-Llamazares, Robert Rolfe, Rossana Rosa, Helge Røsjø, Vanderson S Sampaio, Todd B Seto, Muhammad Shahzad, Shaimaa Soliman, Jason E Stout, Ireri Thirion-Romero, Andrea B Troxel, Ting-Yu Tseng, Nicholas A Turner, Robert J Ulrich, Stephen R Walsh, Steve A Webb, Jesper M Weehuizen, Maria Velinova, Hon-Lai Wong, Rebekah Wrenn, Fernando G Zampieri, Wu Zhong, David Moher, Steven N Goodman, John P A Ioannidis, Lars G Hemkens
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 5, 2024: Nature Communications
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zelalem F Negeri, Brooke Levis, John P A Ioannidis, Brett D Thombs, Andrea Benedetti
BACKGROUND: Selective reporting of results from only well-performing cut-offs leads to biased estimates of accuracy in primary studies of questionnaire-based screening tools and in meta-analyses that synthesize results. Individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) of sensitivity and specificity at each cut-off via bivariate random-effects models (BREMs) can overcome this problem. However, IPDMA is laborious and depends on the ability to successfully obtain primary datasets, and BREMs ignore the correlation between cut-offs within primary studies...
February 1, 2024: BMC Medical Research Methodology
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Evelien De Sutter, Liese Barbier, Pascal Borry, David Geerts, John P A Ioannidis, Isabelle Huys
Changes in the clinical trials landscape have been driven by advancements in digital technology. The use of electronic informed consent to inform research participants and to obtain their consent electronically has the potential to improve participant-researcher interactions over time, facilitate clinical trial participation, and increase efficiency in clinical trial conduct. A personalized electronic informed consent platform that enables long-term interactions with the research team could function as a tool to empower participant engagement in clinical trials...
2024: Digital Health
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emmanuel A Zavalis, Anaïs Rameau, Anirudh Saraswathula, Joachim Vist, Ewoud Schuit, John P Ioannidis
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine the prevalence of comparisons of surgery to drug regimens, the strength of evidence of such comparisons and whether surgery or the drug intervention was favoured. DESIGN: Systematic review of systematic reviews (umbrella review). DATA SOURCES: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Systematic reviews attempt to compare surgical to drug interventions. DATA EXTRACTION: We extracted whether the review found any randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for eligible comparisons...
January 9, 2024: BMJ Open
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