Ischemic colitis

The management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is challenging as the medications involved, often atypical antipsychotics, have a host of associated adverse effects. While complications such as agranulocytosis are well established and necessitate close hematological monitoring, the gastrointestinal effects of particular atypical antipsychotics, such as clozapine, are recognized to a lesser extent. The following case of TRS leading to chronic treatment-resistant pseudo-obstruction, eventually requiring total colectomy, highlights the considerable sequelae of clozapine on the gastrointestinal tract...

OBJECTIVES: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, a revolutionary class of cancer immunotherapy drugs, have transformed cancer treatment by bolstering antitumor immunity for various advanced-stage solid cancers. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved 7 immune checkpoint inhibitors that target 3 major immune checkpoint proteins: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death 1 protein, and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1. In addition to their remarkable efficacy, however, these inhibitors have been observed causing immune-related adverse events, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor-related colitis, which often results in severe or life-threatening clinical issues...

BACKGROUND: Ischemic colitis (IC) is also known as colon ischemia and is caused by colon vascular occlusion or nonocclusion, which results in a reduced blood supply to the colon and is not significant enough to maintain the metabolic function of cells, leading to intestinal wall ischemia. Its main symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stool. In severe cases, intestinal gangrene, peritonitis, intestinal stenosis and even intestinal obstruction may occur. IC induced by long-term use of certain special drugs is relatively rare in clinical practice...

BACKGROUND: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is an emergent vascular disease caused by cessation of the blood supply to the small intestine. Despite advances in the diagnosis, intervention, and surgical procedures, AMI remains a life-threatening condition. Prostaglandin E2 Major Urinary Metabolite (PGE-MUM), the urinary metabolite of Prostaglandin E2, is known to be stable in urine and has been suggested to be a valuable biomarker for intestinal mucosal inflammation, such as ulcerative colitis...

BACKGROUND: Congestive ischemic colitis is a rare subtype of ischemic colitis with an unknown pathophysiology. Excluding conservative management, such as fasting, no established treatment exists; therefore, surgical intervention should be considered in some cases if symptoms worsen. Current literature suggests that anti-inflammatory agents may effectively treat congestive ischemic colitis. CASE SUMMARY: We present the case of a 68-year-old female patient who underwent laparoscopic left hemicolectomy for transverse colon cancer 3 years ago...

The incidence of esophagogastric junction cancer has been increasing, leading to growing interest in surgical treatment. Leriche syndrome, characterized by occlusion limited to the infrarenal aorta, has not been reported to be associated with ischemic enteritis, and there are no previous reports on the surgical approaches for esophagogastric junction cancer in this disease.We describe the case of a male patient in his fifties with lower abdominal pain and melena who was diagnosed with esophagogastric junction cancer, Leriche syndrome, and ischemic enteritis...

The patient was a 49-year-old man presenting with recurrent melena due to progressive ulcerative colitis. One day, he developed left lower facial weakness and dysarthria, and the next day, he was transferred to our hospital because of muscle weakness in his left upper and lower extremities. On admission, neurological findings revealed left hemiplegia, including left facial palsy, dysarthria, and left hemispatial neglect. Brain MRI with diffusion-weighted image showed a fresh infarction in the right anterior and middle cerebral artery territory...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Cocaine, the second most abused drug in Morocco after cannabis, has been associated with multiple cardiac, pulmonary, neurological, and digestive complications. Colonic perforation following cocaine abuse is relatively lesser-known and requires attention as abuse rates are increasing, and existing evidence is scarce. Only a few cases have been reported in medical literature. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 42-year-old male cocaine addict who presented with acute peritonitis...

Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis (IMP) is a rare ischemic colitis characterized by calcification of mesenteric veins and submucosal veins of the colon. Melanosis coli (MC) is a pigmented mucosal lesion comprising macrophages in the lamina propria of the colorectal mucosa that contain lipofuscin. This study reports a case of IMP combined with MC.Clinicians should consider medication history, bowel preparation, and thorough observation to prevent missed IMP diagnosis when coexisting with MC.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic colitis is a form of mesenteric ischemia that often presents in patients with vascular disease. Long-term aspirin use has been shown to improve the outcomes in patients with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. However, the relationship between aspirin use and ischemic colitis is unclear. METHODS: Patients with a diagnosis of ischemic colitis were identified using the 2020 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patients were stratified by long-term aspirin use at the time of hospitalization...

A young patient with multifactorial prothrombotic risk factors presented with signs and symptoms of ischaemic colitis, without evidence of bowel hypoperfusion on imaging. She deteriorated with trial of conservative management and required operative management. Intraoperative findings demonstrated severe, confluent large bowel necrosis, sparing the rectum. A total colectomy was performed, with return to intensive care unit due to intraoperative hemodynamic instability. A return to theatre the following day allowed for formation of ileostomy and definitive closure...

The aim of the article is to improve the differential diagnosis of specific and nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases. In Russia, this scientific direction is associated with the name of G.F. Lang, who performed in 1901-1902 the study "On ulcerative inflammation of the large intestine caused by balantidiasis". The etiology of specific colitis is associated with infection with parasites, bacteria and viruses that cause inflammation of the intestinal wall, diarrhea, often with an admixture of mucus, pus and blood...

Acute colonic diverticulitis (ACD) is the most common complication of diverticular disease and represents an abdominal emergency. It includes a variety of conditions, extending from localized diverticular inflammation to fecal peritonitis, hence the importance of an accurate diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis due to its high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and interobserver agreement. In fact, CE-CT allows alternative diagnoses to be excluded, the inflamed diverticulum to be localized, and complications to be identified...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine computed tomography (CT) findings that aid in differentiating idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric veins (IMHMV) from other colitides. METHODS: Retrospective review of histiologic proven cases of IMHMV (n = 12) with contrast enhanced CT (n = 11) and/or computed tomography angiography (CTA) (n = 9) exams. Control groups comprised of CT of infectious colitis (n = 13), CT of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n = 12), and CTA of other colitides (n = 13)...

A 58-year-old man with a history of mechanical aortic valve replacement, on anticoagulation with warfarin, presented to the emergency department with hematochezia 1 day after undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. On presentation, he was found to have hemorrhagic shock. Fluid resuscitation, packed red blood cell transfusion, and empiric antibiotic therapy were initiated, and the patient was admitted to an intensive care unit. Abdominal-pelvic computed tomography demonstrated portomesenteric venous gas and pneumatosis intestinalis...

BACKGRAUND: Chronic mesenteric ischemia is more often accompanied by clinical signs characteristic of colitis. Acute mesenteric ischemia, unlike chronic, is accompanied by nonspecific symptoms and is a serious disease that requires urgent diagnosis. AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MSCT in the diagnosis of acute and chronic mesenteric ischemia based on our observations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective study included 135 patients with abdominalgia and suspected mesenteric ischemia who underwent multiphase CT of the abdominal cavity with intravenous bolus contrast enhancement...

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of continuous distal perfusion( CDP) with that of intermittent distal perfusion( IDP) during frozen elephant trunk( FET) procedures. METHODS: There were 54 patients in the CDP group and 15 patients in the IDP group. There were no significant differences in preoperative characteristics between the two groups, but dissection was more common in the IDP group than in the CDP group, and the maximum aneurysmal diameter was larger in the CDP group than in the IDP group...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evaluating cardiovascular safety of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators is warranted due to S1P receptor expression on cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells. This analysis reports the cardiovascular safety of ozanimod, an S1P receptor modulator, in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis from the phase 3 True North (TN) and open-label extension (OLE). METHODS: All patients who received ozanimod in TN (n=796) and all eligible TN patients who entered the OLE (n=823) were included...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.