Colesterol

In the management of hypercholesterolemia, besides advising a healthy, plant-based diet, it may be useful to recommend functional foods or nutraceutical with cholesterol-lowering properties. Given the progressive increase in the number of these products and their rising use by the population, the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis (SEA) has considered it appropriate to review the available information, select the results of the scientifically more robust studies and take a position on their usefulness, to recommend to health professionals and the general population their potential utility in terms of efficacy and their possible benefits and limitations...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the main cause of death in our country. Adequate control of lipid metabolism disorders is a key challenge in cardiovascular prevention that is far from being achieved in real clinical practice. There is a great heterogeneity in the reports of lipid metabolism from Spanish clinical laboratories, which may contribute to its poor control. For this reason, a working group of the main scientific societies involved in the care of patients at vascular risk, has prepared this document with a consensus proposal on the determination of the basic lipid profile in cardiovascular prevention, recommendations for its realization and unification of criteria to incorporate the lipid control goals appropriate to the vascular risk of the patients in the laboratory reports...

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In patients who have achieved optimal LDL-C control, there remains a residual risk of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) related to alterations in lipid metabolism, where alterations in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and the cholesterol they contain, called remnant cholesterol, play a major role. Remnant cholesterol has an association with residual risk of ACVD that is independent of LDL-C and has been demonstrated in epidemiological and Mendelian randomisation studies, and in analyses of clinical trials of lipid-lowering drugs...

AIM: To assess the degree of compliance with the European ESC/EAS 2016 and 2019 dyslipidaemia guidelines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Multicentre retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted in 380 adults with T2DM and dyslipidaemia in 7 Spanish health areas. INCLUSION CRITERIA: minimum follow-up of one year in Endocrinology Units, at least one visit in 2020 and a lipid profile measurement in the last 3 months...

OBJECTIVES: GALIPEMIAS is a study designed to establish the prevalence of familial dyslipidemia in the general population of Galicia. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD), its relationship with other cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors, and the degree of lipid control. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in the general population over 18 years of age residing in Galicia and with a health card from the Galician Health Service (N=1,000)...

INTRODUCTION: Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for leading causes of death in Argentina and early identification of their risk factors (RF) is key to prevention. UNLABELLED: Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of RF for NCDs among students from Universidad Nacional de la Matanza. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed, using a self-reported survey adapted from the “National survey of risk factors”, to describe risk factors and their association with sociodemographic characteristics...

OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular risk (CVR) is conventionally calculated by measuring the total cholesterol content of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the CVR associated with LDL and HDL particle size and number as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was performed using the electronic databases MEDLINE and Scopus. All cohort and case-control studies published before January 1, 2019 that met the following inclusion criteria were included: HDL-P, LDL-P, HDL-Z and/or LDL-Z measured by NMR spectroscopy; cardiovascular event as an outcome variable; risk of cardiovascular events expressed as odds ratios or hazard ratios; only adult patients...

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have reported an increasing incidence of ischaemic stroke among young adults. However, the strength of the association between traditional vascular risk factors has not been fully established. METHODS: We compared 120 patients with a first ischaemic stroke before the age of 55 years admitted to the stroke unit of our centre with 600 healthy non-stroke controls from a population-based cohort study (HERMEX), matched for sex. Risk factors assessed included: hypertension, obesity, auricular fibrillation, current smoking, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and diabetes mellitus...

Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels are twice as high in hibernating brown bears (Ursus arctos) than in healthy humans. Yet, bears display no sign of atherosclerosis development. To explore this apparent paradox, we analyzed lipoproteins from same ten individual bears plasma collected during winter (hibernation; February) and summer (active; June) in the same year. Plasma from fourteen healthy humans were analyzed as comparator. We used standard methods for lipoprotein isolation, composition and functional investigation...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular diseases continue to lead the ranking of mortality in Spain. The implementation of geostatistical analysis techniques in the clinical laboratory are innovative tools that allow the design of new strategies in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to study the prevalence and geolocation of severe dyslipidemia in the health areas under study in order to implement prevention strategies in primary care. A retrospective cohort study of low-density protein-bound cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein (a) levels in the years 2019 and 2020 were carried out...

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Control of its risk factors, particularly diabetes and dyslipidemia, through reduction of LDL cholesterol, is crucial to reduce cardiovascular risk. This work aims to assess and improve the medical approach to dyslipidemia in diabetic patients. METHODS: This is a quality improvement study aimed at family doctors. It included patients with diabetics and dyslipidemia enrolled in the primary health care units of Além D'Ouro, S...

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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of self-reported high cholesterol diagnosis and to analyze the factors associated with the prevalence in the Brazilian adult population. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, using data from the 2019 National Health Survey. The diagnosis of high cholesterol was self-reported. Poisson regression models yielded prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: In the 88,531 adults, the prevalence of high cholesterol was 14...

BACKGROUND: The accurate determination of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is important to reach guideline-recommended LDL-C concentrations and to reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. The commonly used Friedewald equation (LDL-Cf), gives inaccurate results in diabetic patients due to accompanying diabetic dyslipidemia. Recently two new equations - Martin/Hopkins (LDL-Cmh) and Sampson (LDL-Cs) - were developed to improve the accuracy of LDL-C estimation, but data are insufficient to suggest the superiority of one equation over the other one...

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BACKGROUND: Reduction of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) levels is the cornerstone in risk reduction, but many high-risk patients are not achieving the recommended lipid goals, even in high-income countries. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether patients seen in the city of Curitiba public health system are reaching LDL-c goals after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: This retrospective cohort explored the data of patients admitted with AMI between 2008 and 2015 in public hospitals from the city of Curitiba...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between HDL-cholesterol and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in over 75-year-olds residing in the Community of Madrid. METHODS: Study of a population-based cohort, composed of all residents in Madrid (Spain) born before January 1, 1945 and alive on December 31, 2019. Demographic, clinical and analytical data were obtained from primary care electronic medical records from January 2015. Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as a positive RT-PCR or antigen test result...

Objetivo. Analizar la asociación entre seropositividad a SARS-CoV-2 y enfermedades crónicas en adultos y adultos mayores mexicanos. Material y métodos. Se utilizó la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2020 sobre Covid-19 (Ensanut 2020 Covid-19) para evaluar la asociación de seropositividad a SARS-CoV-2 con hipertensión arterial sistémica, diabetes tipo 2, índice de masa corporal, LDL-c elevado, HDL-c bajo, colesterol total elevado e hipertrigliceridemia. Resultados. Se observó una mayor seropositividad en personas con mayor índice de masa corporal...

OBJECTIVE: We present an update of the Spanish Society of Neurology's recommendations for prevention of both primary and secondary stroke in patients with dyslipidaemia. DEVELOPMENT: We performed a systematic review to evaluate the main aspects of the management of dyslipidaemias in primary and secondary stroke prevention and establish a series of recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: In primary prevention, the patient's vascular risk should be determined in order to define target values for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol...