scapular radiology

BACKGROUND: Obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) is a weakening or paralysis of the upper arm caused by brachial plexus injury followed by a muscle paralysis with severe repercussions on the movement of the shoulder joint following a progressive glenohumeral joint deformity. This case series analyzes the clinical and radiological outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in OBPI patients with a follow-up of 2 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OBPI patients with secondary end-stage glenohumeral arthritis were enrolled in the study and they were treated with RSA...

Overhead throwing, particularly in baseball, subjects the shoulder and elbow to various unique injuries. Capsular contracture following repetitive external rotation shifts the humeral head posterosuperiorly, predisposing to glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD), Bennett, posterosuperior internal impingement (PSI), and superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesions. GIRD represents loss of internal rotation at the expense of external rotation. Bennett lesion represents ossification of the posteroinferior glenohumeral ligament due to repetitive traction...

AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) using small and standard baseplates in Asian patients, and to investigate the impact of a mismatch in the sizes of the glenoid and the baseplate on the outcomes. METHODS: This was retrospective analysis of 50 and 33 RSAs using a standard (33.8 mm, ST group) and a small (29.5 mm, SM group) baseplate of the Equinoxe reverse shoulder system, which were undertaken between January 2017 and March 2021...

Parosteal lipomas are typically seen in adults and affect mostly the diaphysis of the long bones of the upper and lower limbs. Only a few cases have been reported in children until now and none were reported involving ribs. A female adolescent patient presented with swelling on the left upper back over the scapular region for the past 4 years without any neurological deficit. MRI revealed a hyperintense lesion on the left paravertebral region extending from D5 to D12 and into the intercostal space, causing it to widen...

BACKGROUND: Augmented glenoid baseplate and offset humeral tray reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) implants may decrease the mechanical impingement that creates scapular notching and improve shoulder function. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of three different RTSA glenoid baseplate and offset humeral tray combinations for patient-reported shoulder function, pain and instability, radiographic imaging evidence of glenoid baseplate or humeral stem subsidence and migration, bony changes associated with implant loosening, and scapular notching over the initial 2 years post-RTSA...

BACKGROUND: An estimated 119,300 new cases of cervical cancer occur annually in China, accounting for 372,00 deaths. Cutaneous metastasis from cervical cancer is a rare event, with an incidence of 0.1-1.3% and typically a preterminal occurrence. Scalp metastasis from cervical cancer is exceptionally anecdotal, with only a dozen examples well documented. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient is a 33-year-old Chinese woman who was diagnosed with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IVB cervical cancer in November 2021...

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors are rare, usually benign neoplasms that occur in the soft tissue or bone and are the cause of nearly all cases of tumor-induced osteomalacia. Tumor-induced osteomalacia due to phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor is a challenging diagnosis to make-patients present with variable clinical and radiologic findings and the culprit neoplasm is often small and can occur anywhere head to toe. We present two cases of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor in the scapular body and plantar foot. In both cases, the patient endured years of debilitating symptoms before a tissue diagnosis was eventually reached...

Pyomyositis or tropical pyomyositis is an uncommon infection of skeletal muscle that may be primary or secondary. Primary type has bacterial aetiology, and Staphylococcus aureus is associated in most cases. The diagnosis requires high index of suspicion and careful assessment of radiological investigations. Diagnosis often requires magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for better delineation of the disease process, associated site involvement and exclusion of related conditions. Evacuation of pus coupled with appropriate antibiotic therapy is the mainstay and curative in most cases...

PURPOSE: Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocations are usually graded radiographically according to Rockwood, but differentiation between Rockwood types III and V may be ambiguous. The potentially clinically relevant horizontal instability is barely addressed in coronal radiographs. It was hypothesized that a new radiologic parameter (V angle) would complement ACJ diagnostics on anteroposterior radiographs by differentiating between cases of Rockwood III and V while also considering the aspect of dynamic horizontal translation (DHT)...

INTRODUCTION: Chondrosarcoma has the highest prevalence among the primary malignant bone tumors in adults over the age of 50, and the scapular region is the most affected anatomical site. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 66-year-old female patient, with no previous medical history, who consulted for aggravating mixed, non-specific, and atraumatic pain in the right shoulder, evolving for a year. The radiological assessment, including a computed tomography (CT) scan, a magnetic resonance imaging, and a tumor CT-guided biopsy, confirmed the diagnosis of a Grade 2 chondrosarcoma...

OBJECTIVE: Presentation of a minimally invasive surgical approach for the treatment of scapular fractures and the clinical outcome using this technique. INDICATIONS: Displaced extra-articular fractures of the scapula body and glenoid neck (AO 14B and 14F) and simple intra-articular fractures of the glenoid. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Complex intra-articular fractures and isolated fractures of the coracoid base. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Make a straight or slightly curved incision along the lateral margin of the scapula leaving the deltoid fascia intact...

BACKGROUND: Rotator cuff tear size, fatty infiltration, and scapular morphology are correlated with tendon healing and functional outcomes after arthroscopic repair; however, the association between anteroposterior acromial coverage and the clinical outcomes of anteroposterior massive rotator cuff tears (AP-MRCTs; involving all 3 tendons) remains unclear. PURPOSE: To identify the association between AP acromial coverage and functional and radiological outcomes after arthroscopic repair of AP-MRCTs...

BACKGROUND: The use of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) is steadily increasing. Better clinical outcomes of RSA have been correlated with tuberosity reattachment and healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the clinical and radiological results of reverse shoulder arthroplasty in the management of a proximal humerus fracture in the elderly. METHODS: Retrospective study including 400 consecutive 3-4 part proximal humerus fractures treated with reverse shoulder arthroplasty with a minimum of 12-month follow-up...

OBJECTIVE: Patients with rotator cuff tears present often with glenohumeral joint instability. Assessing anatomic angles and shoulder kinematics from fluoroscopy requires labelling of specific landmarks in each image. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence model for automatic landmark detection from fluoroscopic images for motion tracking of the scapula and humeral head. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fluoroscopic images were acquired for both shoulders of 25 participants (N = 12 patients with unilateral rotator cuff tear, 6 men, mean (standard deviation) age: 63...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Little research was available to explore which surgical fixation was better between fixation of both clavicle and scapula and clavicle alone in management of floating shoulder injury. METHODS: Total 69 patients with floating shoulder injury receiving surgery from February 2005 to July 2020 participated in the study. 49 patients underwent fixation of the clavicle alone (Group C) while 20 patients underwent fixation of both clavicle and scapula (Group C + S)...

BACKGROUND: Phenotypic differences and functional limitations in children with congenital radial and ulnar longitudinal deficiencies (RLD/ULD) are well understood for the forearm and hand. However, anatomical features of shoulder elements in these pathologies have only been scarcely reported. Moreover, shoulder function has not been assessed in this patient population. Therefore, we aimed to define radiologic features and shoulder function of these patients at a large tertiary referral center...

UNLABELLED: Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) manifested as symptomatic nonunion between primary free flap and native mandible after primary bony reconstruction of the mandible is an entity not included in current conventional ORN staging guidelines. This article reports on and proposes early management of this debilitating condition using a chimeric scapular tip free flap (STFF). METHODS: A retrospective review was performed examining cases with bony nonunion at the junction of primary free fibula flap (FFF) and native mandible at a single center over a 10-year duration, which required a second free bone flap...

INTRODUCTION: Bilateral scapular fractures are a very rare injury with only few cases reported in the literature. They are said to be consequence of a violent trauma to the upper part of shoulder or as a result of electrocution or seizures. Glenoid involvement or open scapular fractures are one of the indications for operative treatment in these injuries, in other cases, simple immobilization is sufficient to obtain good results. Here, we report a case of a bilateral scapular fracture following an epileptic seizure, discussing the mechanism and outcome of conservative treatment...

PURPOSE: The report describes a bilateral suprascapular artery (SPSA) of atypical origin in coexistence with neurovascular aberrant structures. METHODS: The variants were identified in a 91-year-old formalin-embalmed male cadaver, derived from a body donation program after a signed informed consent. RESULTS: The left-sided SPSA emanated from the 1st part of the axillary artery, coursed between the brachial plexus lateral and medial cords, accompanied by the suprascapular nerve, and passed below the superior transverse scapular ligament...

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to demonstrate the intramuscular nerve distribution of the levator scapulae muscle that is responsible for pain and to use this anatomic data to propose possible injection sites. METHODS: Twenty levator scapulae muscles were dissected from 16 Korean embalmed cadavers. The intramuscular nerve distribution of the levator scapulae muscle was identified by whole-mount nerve staining to preserve and stain the nerve fibers without damage...