Microbiota and IBD

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a continuum of chronic inflammatory diseases, is tightly associated with immune system dysregulation and dysbiosis, leading to inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and multiple extraintestinal manifestations. The pathogenesis of IBD is not completely elucidated. However, it is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies. In both IBD and CRC, a complex interplay occurs between the immune system and gut microbiota (GM), leading to the alteration in GM composition...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has attracted much attention worldwide due to its prevalence. In this study, the effect of a solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) emulsion with Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, a polyphenolic active ingredient in propolis) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice was evaluated. The results showed that CAPE-emulsion could significantly alleviate DSS-induced colitis through its effects on colon length, reduction in the disease activity index (DAI), and colon histopathology...

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are primarily produced in the caecum and proximal colon via the bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates that have avoided digestion in the small intestine. Increasing evidence supports the critical role that SCFAs play in health and homeostasis. Microbial SCFAs, namely butyric acid, serve as a principal energy source for colonocytes, and their production is essential for gut integrity. A direct link between SCFAs and some human pathological conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, and cancer, has been proposed...

Curcumin (CUR) is a lipophilic natural polyphenol that can be isolated from the rhizome of turmeric. Studies have proposed that CUR possesses a variety of biological activities. Due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, CUR shows promise in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, while its anti-obesity effects make it a potential therapeutic agent in the management of obesity. In addition, curcumin's ability to prevent atherosclerosis and its cardiovascular benefits further expand its potential application in the treatment of cardiovascular disease...

The problem of treating inflammatory bowel disease continues to be a topic of great interest for researchers. Despite the complexity surrounding their treatment and strategies to prolong periods of remission, there is a promising exploration of various compounds that have potential in combating inflammation and alleviating symptoms. Selenium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and iron are among these compounds, offering a glimpse of hope in the treatment of IBD. These essential minerals not only hold the promise of reducing inflammation in these diseases, but also show the potential to enhance immune function and possibly influence the balance of intestinal microflora...

Neutrophil-myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing peroxidase which produces excess amounts of hypochlorous acid during inflammation. While pharmacological MPO inhibition mitigates all indices of experimental colitis, no studies have corroborated the role of MPO using knockout (KO) models. Therefore, we investigated MPO deficient mice in a murine model of colitis. Wild type (Wt) and MPO-deficient mice were treated with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in a chronic model of experimental colitis with three acute cycles of DSS-induced colitis over 63 days, emulating IBD relapse and remission cycles...

The association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been known for years, as has the concept that IBD is associated with an altered intestinal bacterial composition, a condition known as "dysbiosis". Recently, a state of intestinal dysbiosis has also been found in SpA. Dysbiosis in the field of IBD has been well characterized so far, as well as in SpA. The aim of this review is to summarize what is known to date and to emphasize the similarities between the microbiota conditions in these two diseases: particularly, an altered distribution in the gut of Enterobacteriaceae , Streptococcus , Haemophilus , Clostridium , Akkermansia , Ruminococcus , Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii , Bacteroides Vulgatus , Dialister Invisus , and Bifidubacterium Adolescentis is common to both IBD and SpA...

Krill oil is extracted from krill, a small crustacean in the Antarctic Ocean. It has received growing attention because of krill oil's unique properties and diverse health benefits. Recent experimental and clinical studies suggest that it has potential therapeutic benefits in preventing the development of a range of chronic conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Krill oil is enriched with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, and the potent antioxidant astaxanthin, contributing to its therapeutic properties...

In this comprehensive review, we explore the pivotal role of commensal Bifidobacterium (c-BIF) as potent non-self-antigens through antigenic mimicry, along with exploring the potential of humoral immune responses for both malignant and non-malignant disease. c-BIF, a predominant component of the human gut microbiome encompassing around 90% of the human genome, has emerged as a pivotal player in human biology. Over recent decades, there has been extensive research elucidating the intricate connections between c-BIF and various facets of human health, with particular emphasis on their groundbreaking impact on anti-cancer effects and the management of non-malignant diseases...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term for a group of chronic inflammatory enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation and persistent or frequent gastrointestinal signs. This disease affects more than 3.5 million humans worldwide and presents some similarities between animal species, in particular, dogs and cats. Although the underlying mechanism that triggers the disease is not yet well understood, the evidence suggests a multifactorial etiology implicating genetic causes, environmental factors, microbiota imbalance, and mucosa immune defects, both in humans and in dogs and cats...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a kind of inflammatory bowel condition characterized by inflammation within the mucous membrane, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and pain experienced in the abdominal region. Existing medications for UC have limited treatment efficacy and primarily focus on symptom relief. Limonium bicolor (LB), an aquatic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), exerts multi-targeted therapeutic effects with few side effects and is used to treat anemia and hemostasis. Nevertheless, the impact of LB on UC and its mechanism of action remain unclear...

Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammatory process of the gastrointestinal tract defined by flares and periods of remission, is increasing in incidence. Despite advances in multimodal medical therapy, disease progression often necessitates multiple operations with high morbidity. The inability to treat Crohn's disease successfully is likely in part because the etiopathogenesis is not completely understood; however, recent research suggests the gut microbiome plays a critical role. How traditional perioperative management, including bowel preparation and preoperative antibiotics, further changes the microbiome and affects outcomes is not well described, especially in Crohn's patients, who are unique given their immunosuppression and baseline dysbiosis...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to two chronic conditions of the digestive tract: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), representing a progressive inflammatory process that mainly occurs in the gut, with frequent extra-intestinal manifestations. Even if remission is periodically obtained for some patients, the histological activity and digestive symptoms may continue, maintaining a persistent systemic inflammation that could induce further extra-intestinal complications and contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disease...

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a heterogeneous state of chronic intestinal inflammation. Intestinal innate immunity, including innate immune cells, defends against pathogens and excessive entry of gut microbiota, while preserving immune tolerance to resident intestinal microbiota, and may be characterized by its capacity to produce a rapid and nonspecific reaction. The association between microbiota dysbiosis and the pathogenesis of IBD is complex and dynamic...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract for which treatment options remain limited. In this study, we used a dual-luciferase-based screening of an FDA-approved drug library, identifying Bazedoxifene (BZA) as an inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway. We further investigated its therapeutic effects in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model and explored its impact on gut microbiota regulation and the underlying molecular mechanisms...

Egg yolk lipids significantly alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome, reversing gut microbiota dysbiosis, and increasing short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations. However, the role of gut microbiota and the relationship between SCFAs and NLRP3 inflammasome are still unknown. Here, this study confirms that antibiotic treatment abolishes the protective effect of egg yolk lipids on DSS-induced colonic inflammation, intestinal barrier damage, and lipopolysaccharide translocation...

The probiotic Enterococcus faecium is a gut microbe with immunomodulatory effects, which has been widely used to prevent diarrhoea in pigs and birds. Escherichia coli is a common pathogen that causes inflammatory bowel disease in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of E. faecium on enteritis in goats. Forty goats were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: control, E. faecium, E. coli, and E. faecium + E. coli. The changes of physiological indicators and diarrhoea scoring were evaluated on days -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8...

Growing evidence demonstrates the key role of the gut microbiota in human health and disease. The recent success of microbiotherapy products to treat recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection has shed light on its potential in conditions associated with gut dysbiosis, such as acute graft-versus-host disease, intestinal bowel diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, or even cancer. However, the difficulty in defining a "good" donor as well as the intrinsic variability of donor-derived products' taxonomic composition limits the translatability and reproducibility of these studies...

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the associated risk of colon cancer are increasing globally. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment has unique advantages. The Sishen Pill, a common Chinese patented drug used to treat abdominal pain and diarrhea, consists mainly of Psoraleae Fructus, Myristicae Semen, Euodiae Fructus, and Schisandra Chinensis. Modern research has confirmed that Sishen Pill and its active secondary metabolites, such as psoralen, myristicin, evodiamine, and schisandrin, can improve intestinal inflammation and exert antitumor pharmacological effects...

The number of research papers published on the involvement of the oral microbiota in systemic diseases has grown exponentially over the last four years clearly demonstrating the growing interest in this field. Indeed, accumulating evidence highlights the central role of ectopic colonization by oral bacteria in numerous non-communicable diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), undernutrition, pre-term birth, neurological diseases, liver diseases, lung diseases, heart diseases or colonic cancer...