Rotator cuff volumes

Strengthening the rotator cuff muscles is important for injury prevention and rehabilitation. Since muscle fascicle length improves motor performance and is suggested to reduce the risk of injury for the hamstring, it may be an important variable to promote multidirectional changes in the function and macroscopic structure for the shoulder. Recent literature reviews overwhelmingly suggest that eccentric exercises improve fascicle length and functional measures for the lower limb. However, there is a research gap for the shoulder...

PURPOSE: To compare radiologist and surgeon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) interpretations of subscapularis (SSC) tears against intraoperative arthroscopic examination. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of prospectively maintained data on patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with and without SSC tears between 2011 and 2022. The radiologists' assessments of SSC integrity were extracted from the MRI reports. One high-volume fellowship-trained shoulder surgeon assessed all MRI scans for the presence or absence of SSC tears...

PURPOSE: To investigate the performance of the bear hug (BH) and belly press (BP) tests in diagnosing tears of the subscapularis (SSC). METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on prospectively maintained data on patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) of SSC tears between 2011 and 2021. A control group also was obtained of ARCRs with an intact SSC tendon. All examinations and ARCRs were performed by one high-volume shoulder surgeon. The BH test and BP test results were compared with arthroscopic findings as the gold-standard diagnostic modality...

A 60-year-old woman presented functional deficit of the index finger flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon after shoulder arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. As no recovery was observed for 10 months, we conducted an operative exploration of the median nerve and the anterior interosseous nerve, followed by an external neurolysis. The patient recovered FDP function 4.5 months after the second operation. In a patient with persistent isolated FDP dysfunction after shoulder arthroscopy, operative exploration and external neurolysis could facilitate functional recovery...

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH) biocomposite on bone-to-tendon interface (BTI) healing for surgical repair of chronic rotator cuff tear (RCT) model of rabbit, focusing on genetic, histological, biomechanical and micro-CT evaluations METHODS: Sixty-four rabbits were equally assigned to the four groups: saline injection (group A), nanofiber sheet alone (group B), rhPTH-soaked nanofiber sheet (nanofiber sheet was soaked with rhPTH, group C), rhPTH biocomposite (rhPTH permeated the nanofiber sheet by coaxial electrospinning, group D)...

BACKGROUND: Static posterior subluxation of the humeral head (SPSH) results in glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Treatment strategies for SPSH with or without resulting osteoarthritis remain challenging. There is growing interest in evaluating the rotator cuff muscle volume, fatty infiltration, or forces in osteoarthritic shoulders with SPSH, mainly due to a possible transverse force imbalance. In nonpathological shoulders, the transverse angle of the rotator cuff muscle's resultant force may be associated with scapulohumeral alignment and glenoid vault morphology, despite an assumed transverse force balance...

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) on visual clarity at various surgical stages and the correlation between the severity of synovitis and bursitis and the grade of visual clarity in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery under an interscalene brachial plexus block. METHODS: This double-blind, randomized controlled study included patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The TXA group underwent injection of a 100-mL mixture of 1,000 mg of TXA and normal saline solution intravenously whereas the control group was administered the same volume of normal saline solution at 10 minutes preoperatively...

BACKGROUND: Various muscle contraction modalities have differing effects on the musculoskeletal system. To understand the magnitude of these effects, the authors investigated the effects of eccentric and concentric contractions on the bone-tendon interface after rotator cuff repair in mice. HYPOTHESIS: Eccentric contraction promotes healing of the bone-tendon interface after rotator cuff repair in mice better than other muscle contraction patterns. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study...

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The number of arthroscopic shoulder operations has continued to steadily increase in recent years, with a projection of over 500,000 rotator cuff operations in 2023. Although the incidence of anchor pullout, hardware failure, and aberrant hardware placement is relatively low, this increased volume of shoulder operations has inevitably resulted in a consequent increase in the number of patients who experience such hardware complications. These hardware issues can cause significant pain, limit shoulder function, and cause permanent damage to the shoulder articular cartilage...

The present study aims to validate the methods of quantifying blood loss in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and to investigate the correlation between blood loss and joint pain and joint function recovery. A total of 38 patients with unilateral rotator cuff injuries who underwent shoulder arthroscopy were analyzed in this study. Related information, including age, gender, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), disease entity, comorbidity, joint release, and operating time, were collected into a spreadsheet...

BACKGROUND: Since its approval, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) has continued to increase in usage, with expanding indications beyond rotator cuff arthropathy. Existing literature has captured further increased utilization over the last decade through 2017. However, this data has not been updated to include a contemporary cohort of patients. This study sought to determine the trends of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA), rTSA, and hemiarthroplasty (HA) usage based on primary diagnosis and total number of surgeons performing each procedure annually from 2016-2020...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to quantify and compare fat fraction (FF) and muscle volume between patients with failed and intact rotator cuff (RC) repair as well as a control group with nonsurgical conservative treatment to define FF cutoff values for predicting the outcome of RC repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with full-thickness RC tears who received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after RC repair including a 2-point Dixon sequence were retrospectively screened...

BACKGROUND: After a rotator cuff (RC) tendon tear, the supraspinatus (SS) inflammatory response induces fatty infiltration (FI). Metformin has the effect of regulating the initial inflammatory response of atrophic muscles. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of metformin use on modulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and SS FI in an acute RC tear rat model. METHODS: This study used 26 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were randomly divided into two groups: The metformin group received metformin for 5 days after cutting the RC tendon, and the control group was administered only with saline after cutting the tendon...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of rotator cuff tears is rapidly increasing, and operative techniques for rotator cuff repair have been developed. However, the rates of postoperative retear remain high. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose was to determine the effects of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) with hyaluronic acid (HA) on tendon-to-bone healing in a rabbit model of chronic rotator cuff tear injury. It was hypothesized that HA would enhance HDF proliferation and that a combination of HA and HDFs would produce a synergistic effect on the healing of repaired rotator cuff tendons of rabbits...

BACKGROUND: Among the various diaphragm-sparing alternatives to interscalene block, costoclavicular block (CCB) demonstrated a low hemidiaphragmatic paresis (HDP) occurrence but an inconsistent analgesic effect in arthroscopic shoulder surgery. We hypothesized that a larger volume of local anesthetic for CCB could provide sufficient analgesia by achieving sufficient supraclavicular spreading. METHODS: Sixty patients scheduled for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were randomly assigned to receive CCB using one of two volumes of local anesthetic (CCB20, 0...

Objective analysis of rotator cuff (RC) atrophy and fatty infiltration (FI) from clinical MRI is limited by qualitative measures and variation in scapular coverage. The goals of this study were to: develop/evaluate a method to quantify RC muscle size, atrophy, and FI from clinical MRIs (with typical lateral only coverage) and then quantify the effects of age and sex on RC muscle. To develop the method, 47 full scapula coverage CTs with matching clinical MRIs were used to: correct for variation in scan capture, and ensure impactful information of the RC is measured...

BACKGROUND: In January 2021, the US Medicare program approved reimbursement of outpatient total shoulder arthroplasties (TSA), including anatomic and reverse TSAs. It remains unclear whether shifting TSAs from the inpatient to outpatient setting has affected clinical outcomes. Herein, we describe the rate of outpatient TSA growth and compare inpatient and outpatient TSA complications, readmissions, and mortality. METHODS: Medicare fee-for-service claims for 2019-2022Q1 were analyzed to identify the trends in outpatient TSAs and to compare 90-day postoperative complications, all-cause hospital readmissions, and mortality between outpatients and inpatients...

BACKGROUND: Age-related rotator cuff tendinopathy (RCT) is associated with increased rotator cuff tear and postoperative retear rates. This study aimed to determine whether nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) can alleviate degenerative RCT and prevent postoperative retears by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in aged mice. METHODS: We assigned 32 young (4 months) and 64 aged (19 to 20 months) male wild-type C57BL/6 mice to young, aged, and aged NAMPT-treated (ANAMPT) groups (n = 32 each)...

BACKGROUND: Hemiarthroplasty (HA) is a treatment option for complex proximal humerus fractures not suitable for conservative treatment or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Long-term outcomes using a large metaphyseal volume prosthesis in the management of fractures of the proximal humerus have not been reported thus far. METHODS: Between 2006 and 2010, 41 patients with a proximal humerus fracture were treated with HA (average age: 62 years: range, 38-85) at our institution...