inflammation bowel disease

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic healing is generally defined as Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) ≤1 in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, patients with an MES of 1 are at higher relapse risk than those with an MES of 0. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of proactive dose escalation of oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in UC patients with an MES of 1. METHODS: An open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 5 hospitals between 2018 and 2022. Ulcerative colitis patients in clinical remission under oral 5-ASA therapy and diagnosed as having an MES of 1 were enrolled...

BACKGROUND: Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 (Sarm1) is known as a negative regulator of inflammatory responses. However, its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the function of Sarm1 in IBD and its underlying mechanisms. Sarm1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3) knockout (KO) micewere established. METHODS: The colitis was induced using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)...

BACKGROUND: Many patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms. Although these symptoms cause significant reductions in quality of life, evidence-based treatments are lacking as risk factors and pathophysiology of these symptoms are not clearly defined. We aimed to identify risk factors for development of IBS-like symptoms in IBD patients with quiescent disease. METHODS: We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of adults with IBD from 2015 to 2021...

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the associated risk of colon cancer are increasing globally. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment has unique advantages. The Sishen Pill, a common Chinese patented drug used to treat abdominal pain and diarrhea, consists mainly of Psoraleae Fructus, Myristicae Semen, Euodiae Fructus, and Schisandra Chinensis. Modern research has confirmed that Sishen Pill and its active secondary metabolites, such as psoralen, myristicin, evodiamine, and schisandrin, can improve intestinal inflammation and exert antitumor pharmacological effects...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is prevalent, and no satisfactory therapeutic options are available because the mechanisms underlying its development are poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that increased expression of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in macrophages was correlated with the development of colitis and that depletion of METTL3 in macrophages protected mice against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Mechanistic characterization indicated that METTL3 depletion increased the YTHDF3-mediated expression of phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP), which resulted in glucose metabolism reprogramming and the suppression of CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cell differentiation...

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition in which a dysregulated immune response contributes to the acute intestinal inflammation of the colon. Current clinical therapies often exhibit limited efficacy and undesirable side effects. Here, programmable nanomicelles were designed for colitis treatment and loaded with RU.521, an inhibitor of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. STING-inhibiting micelles (SIMs) comprise hyaluronic acid-stearic acid conjugates and include a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal linker...

In view of the safety concerns of probiotics, more and more attention is paid to the beneficial effects of dead probiotics cells. Herein, we investigated and compared the alleviation effects of viable Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B8762 ( B. infantis B8762) and its heat-killed cells on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) rats. Four groups of rats ( n = 12 per group) were included: normal control, DSS-induced colitis rats without bacterial administration (DSS), DSS-induced colitis rats with viable B...

The link between inflammation and cancer is well documented and colonic inflammation caused by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to be a high-risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The complex crosstalk between epithelial and inflammatory cells is thought to underlie the progression from inflammation to cancer. The present review collates and summarises recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD-associated CRC (IBD-CRC), including the oncogenic mechanisms of the main inflammatory signalling pathways and genetic alterations induced by oxidative stress during colonic inflammation, and discusses the crosstalk between the tumour microenvironment, intestinal flora and host immune factors during inflammatory oncogenesis in colitis-associated CRC...

This case report describes necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in an infant with a history of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). TTTS is a volume imbalance where the anastomosis at the vascular equator between the two placentae shifts from the donor to the recipient twin. This causes a higher risk for NEC, a marked inflammation caused by bacterial infection into the intestinal wall, from prematurity and intestinal hypoperfusion. Complications include sepsis, bowel necrosis, perforation, peritonitis, and death...

OBJECTIVES: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers in the rectum and the innermost layer of the large intestine. Our study aimed to elucidate the ameliorative effect of cetirizine (CTZ) and loratadine (LOR) against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats via assessment of the PI3K/p-Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway and proinflammatory cytokine release. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two rats were allocated into four groups (n=8)...

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is contained within two layers of the gut wall and is made up of neurons, immune cells, and enteric glia cells (EGCs) that regulate gastrointestinal (GI) function. EGCs in both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) change in response to inflammation, referred to as reactive gliosis. Whether EGCs restricted to a specific layer or region within the GI tract alone can influence intestinal immune response is unknown. Using bulk RNA-sequencing and in situ hybridization, we identify G-protein coupled receptor Gpr37 , as a gene expressed only in EGCs of the myenteric plexus, one of the two layers of the ENS...

Malaria is a major public health problem, but many of the factors underlying the pathogenesis of this disease are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate in Malian children that susceptibility to febrile malaria following infection with Plasmodium falciparum is associated with the composition of the gut microbiome prior to the malaria season. Gnotobiotic mice colonized with the fecal samples of malaria-susceptible children had a significantly higher parasite burden following Plasmodium infection compared to gnotobiotic mice colonized with the fecal samples of malaria-resistant children...

Previous study has demonstrated that the Dietary Inflammation Index (DII) played a role in the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however, the prevalence and risk factors for IBD are distinct across locations and groups, and therefore, the findings are debatable and warrant further investigation. A total of 4363 participants were calculated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009 to 2010, of whom 1.21% self-reported a history of IBD. DII values were performed as a good predictor of dietary inflammation based on data from two 24-h dietary reviews in the NHANES database...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Orostachys malacophylla (Pall.) Fisch (O. malacophylla) is a succulent herbaceous plant that is the Orostachys genus of Crassulaceae family. O. malacophylla has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-febrile, antidote, anti-Toxoplasma gondii properties. However, the biological function of alleviating intestinal inflammation and key bioactive compounds were still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY: We used a Drosophila model to study the protective effects and bioactive compounds of O...

DESCRIPTION: Pain is a common symptom among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although pain typically occurs during episodes of inflammation, it is also commonly experienced when intestinal inflammation is quiescent. Many gastroenterologists are at a loss how to approach pain symptoms when they occur in the absence of gut inflammation. We provide guidance in this area as to the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of pain among patients with IBD. METHODS: This CPU was commissioned and approved by the AGA Institute Clinical Practice Updates Committee (CPUC) and the AGA Governing Board to provide timely guidance on a topic of high clinical importance to the AGA membership and underwent internal peer review by the CPUC and external peer review through standard procedures of Gastroenterology...

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the established standard of care for addressing symptomatic gallstones, typically representing a straightforward and uncomplicated surgical procedure. However, patients exhibiting variant anatomy or local inflammation can present challenges to the surgeon, potentially leading to complications. In this context, we present the case of a 55-year-old woman who underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstone disease at a different medical facility. Postoperatively, she was diagnosed with a case of duodenocolic fistula and cholecystocolonic fistula...

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) disrupt the intestinal epithelium, leading to severe chronic inflammation. Current therapies cause adverse effects and are expensive, invasive, and ineffective for most patients. Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is a pivotal endogenous anti-inflammatory and tissue repair protein in IBD. Nanostructured compounds loading AnxA1 or its active N-terminal mimetic peptides improve IBD symptomatology. METHODS: To further explore their potential as a therapeutic candidate, the AnxA1 N-terminal mimetic peptide Ac2-26 was incorporated into SBA-15 ordered mesoporous silica and covered with EL30D-55 to deliver it by oral treatment into the inflamed gut...

BACKGROUND: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), dysbiosis, and immunosuppression who receive fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors are at an increased risk of developing bacteremia. This study investigates the efficacy of a mixture of seven short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacterial strains (7-mix), the resulting culture supernatant mixture (mix-sup), and FMT for treating experimental ulcerative colitis (UC) and evaluates underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Utilizing culturomics, we isolated and cultured SCFA-producing bacteria from the stool of healthy donors...

The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis and remission of inflammatory bowel disease. However, conventional antibiotic therapies may alter microbial ecology and lead to dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, which greatly limits therapeutic efficacy. To address this challenge, novel nanomicelles that couple inulin with levofloxacin via disulfide bonds for the treatment of salmonellosis were developed in this study. Owing to their H2 S-responsiveness, the nanomicelles can target the inflamed colon and rapidly release levofloxacin to selectively fight against enteric pathogens...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disease that develops through a sequence of molecular events that are still poorly defined. This process is driven by a multitude of context-dependent genes that play different roles based on their environment. The complexity and multi-faceted nature of these genes make it difficult to study the genetic basis of IBD. The goal of this article is to review the key genes in the pathophysiology of IBD and highlight new technology that can be used in further research...