Throid

OBJECTIVE: To understand the throid function and intelligence among the schoolchildren in three rural areas with different iodine intakes in China to probe the side-effect of excessive iodine intake on intelligence of schoolchildren. METHODS: Chinese version of Raven's test was made among rural schoolchildren, 190 from Panshan County, Liaoning Province, a low iodine intake area with the median urinary iodine (MUI) of 99 microgram/L among its inhabitants, 236 from Zhangwu County, Liaoning Province, a moderate iodine intake area with the MUI of 338 microgram/L, and 313 from Huanghua County, Hebei Province, an excessive iodine intake area with the MUI of 631 microgram/L...

To investigate the effect of hyperthyroidism on respiratory muscle function and its possible mechanism, the thyroid function, serum enzymology, serum potassium, pulmonary function and respiratory muscle function were examined in 60 patients with Grave's disease before treatment and 26 patients among them after treatment, and 20 normal subjects as control. T3, T4, and FT4 increased while FVC and PImax, which reflect the respiratory muscle strength, and Pi/PImax, which reflects the reserve capacity of inspiratory muscle, decreased significantly in the 60 patients with Grave's disease, compared with the ones of normal subjects...

To understand the number and morphology of the mast cells of throid tumours stroma, the mast cells (MCs) of 62 cases of thyroid tumour stroma were studied histochemically and electron microscopically. The number of MCs was increased significantly in thyroid tumour as compared with that in normal tissues. The number of MCs between thyroid cancer and thyroid adenoma was of no difference. When stained with Alcian Blue-Safranin, MCs in the stroma of normal thyroid were blue whereas in the stroma of thyroid tumour both blue and red mast cells could be found...

Persistent hypercalcitoninemia represents a frequent situation particularly in case of inadequate surgery of medullary throid carcinoma (MTC). This event conducts to a surgical re-exploration after excluding the presence of distant metastases. After adequate initial surgical treatment the localisation of the residual or recurrent tumor tissue is often difficult with conventional imaging techniques. Immunoscintigraphy and selective venous sampling for calcitonin measurements have a good diagnostic sensitivity for cervical or mediastinal localisations and also for distant metastases...

A 32-year-old woman first had thyrotoxicosis and severe pernicious anemia (PA) in 1975. The initial serum thyroxine (T4) level, 14.5 microgram/dL, rose to 29.2 microgram/dL, with no other therapy except cyanocobalamin injection and blood tranfusions. She again had thyroid storm and PA in 1978. The serum T4 level was only slightly elevated, but the triiodothyronine (T3) level was normal. She received therapy for both diseases and recovered. Four months later, with a normal hematocrit reading, thyrotoxicosis recurred, with noticeable elevation of T4 and T3...

The changes in serum concentrations of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) were investigated in eight patients with various thyroid disorders before, during and after thyroid surgery. TgAb was measured by a radioassay using 125I-thyroglobulin. In six patients the TgAb decreased rapidly during operation. Of these patients four had low concentrations pre-operatively, and the decrease in TgAb resulted in undetectable concentrations for more than 2 days, Serum thyroglobulin (Tg), measured in the specimens with undetectable TgAb, i...

We have investigated the regulation of the human throid gland based on controls discovered in the dog thyroid gland. TSH and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin enhanced cAMP accumulation, which supports the validity of the Sutherland model for the action of TSH on the human thyroid. Iodide inhibited TSH- and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin-activated cAMP accumulation and this effect was reduced by methimazole, showing that, in this tissue, iodide, through an oxidized derivative, depresses the TSH-cAMP system...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

There are several genetic disorders that cause abnormalities in the hormonal regulation of calcium metabolism. These include familial hyperparathyroidism, multiple endocrine adenomatosis, pseudohypoparathyroidism and kindreds with multiple cases of medullary carcinoma of the throid. The clinical characteristics of these several syndromes are outlined. Several tests of endocrine function, either determination of hormone secretory rates or biochemical manifestations of the action of hormones, are helpful in delineating genetic modes of transmissions of these disorders...

Further experimentation with the steer thyroid cell line indicates that the formation of "follicles" is enhanced by exposure to 8.9 X 10(-7) M thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3) for 96 hr. The production of mucosubstances by the cultured thyroid cells is also increased by treating with T4 or T3, effects demonstrable after staining with PAS-alcian blue at pH 2.5. It is suggested that these in vitro effects bear on morphological organization and synthetic activity of the thyroid gland as well as on autoregulation and intraglandular homeostasis that may occur in situ...

A patient with a parathyroid adenoma located beneath the throid capsule and within a benign thyroid adenoma is reported on. To the best of our knowledge, this lesion has not previously been reported. This case points out the difficulties that may be encountered when it is necessary to locate a missing parathyroid gland in a patient with multinocular goiter. In this clinical setting there may be a role for use of the various technics recommended for preoperative localization of a parathyroid adenoma.

Fluorimetric method was applied to determination of the dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline content in the tissues of the brain of male rats. Catecholamine distribution in the hypothalamus was uneven. Hyprthyroid state decreased the concentration of dopamine in the anterior and the middle hypothalamus, and also in the preoptic area; removal of the throid gland produced no significant changes in the dopamine, noradrenaline or adrenaline concentration.

Taste and smell functions were measured in 18 unselected patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism, and in 15 of the 18 patients after treatment with thyroid hormones. Before treatment, 9 of the 18 patients (50 per cent) were aware of some alteration in their sense of taste, and 7 of the 18 patients (39 per cent) were aware of some alteration in their sense of smell. Distoritions of tase (dysgeusia) and smell (dysosmia) were frequent complaints among the untreated patients; dysgeusia was observed by 7 patients (39 per cent) and dysosmia by 3 patients (17 per cent)...

In each of three separate experiments, female guinea pigs in groups of 20 were given 4 units of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) each day for 3 days, while controls were given saline. Na125I was injected on the 3rd day, and the animals were killed 22 hours later. The pooled throids of each group were homogenized, and thyroglobulin was purified by one of the following methods: gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 followed by density gradient ultracentrifugation, two sequential filtrations on 4 percent agarose, or filtration on 4 percent agarose followed by Sephadex G-200...

Free diiosotyrosine exerts two opposite effects on the reactions catalyzed by thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin iodination and thyroid hormone formation. 1. Inhibition of thyroglobulin iodination catalyzed by thyroid peroxidase was observed when free diiodotyrosine concentration was higher than 5 muM. This inhibition was competitive, suggesting that free diiodotyrosine interacts with the substrate site(s) of thyroid peroxidase. Free diiodotyrosine also competively inhibited iodide peroxidation to I2. 2. Free diiodotyrosine, when incubated with thyroid peroxidase in the absence of iodide was recovered unmodified; in the presence of iodide an exchange reaction was observed between the iodine atoms present in the diiodotyrosine molecule and iodide present in the medium...

Acetazolamide was injected into chick embryos on the 14th or 15th day of incubation. Doses ranging between 5 and 10 mg per egg produced a retardation in the growth of long bones. The affected bones contained a normal proportion of mineral as determined by ashing and presented a normal histological picture. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that the alterations were not due to a specific direct effect of the drug on bones. The incorporation of 131-I by the thyroid glands of acetazolamide-injected embryos was analyzed radioautographically and quantitated on the same 6 mu-paraffin sections, with a thin window Geiger counter...