Recombinant antibody

Mycoplasmopsis bovis is a causative agent of crucial diseases in both dairy and beef cattle leading to substantial economic losses. However, limited control measures for M. bovis -related diseases exist due to a lack of understanding about the virulence factors of this pathogen, a common challenge in mycoplasma research. Consequently, this study aimed to characterize a novel nucleomodulin as a virulence-related factor of M. bovis . Employing bioinformatic tools, we initially predicted MbovP467 to be a secreted protein with a nuclear localization signal based on SignalP scores and the cNLS (Nuclear Localization Signal) Mapper, respectively...

INTRODUCTION: The therapeutic potential of bispecific antibodies is becoming widely recognised, with over a hundred formats already described. For many applications, enhanced tissue penetration is sought, so bispecifics with low molecular weight may offer a route to enhanced potency. Here we report the design of bi- and tri-specific antibody-based constructs with molecular weights as low as 14.5 and 22 kDa respectively. METHODS: Autonomous bovine ultra-long CDR H3 (knob domain peptide) modules have been engineered with artificial coiled-coil stalks derived from Sin Nombre orthohantavirus nucleocapsid protein and human Beclin-1, and joined in series to produce bi- and tri-specific antibody-based constructs with exceptionally low molecular weights...

This study evaluated a depot-formulated cytokine-based adjuvant to improve the efficacy of the recombinant F1V (rF1V) plague vaccine and examined the protective response following aerosol challenge in a murine model. The results of this study showed that co-formulation of the Alhydrogel-adsorbed rF1V plague fusion vaccine with the depot-formulated cytokines recombinant human interleukin 2 (rhuIL-2) and/or recombinant murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF) significantly enhances immunogenicity and significant protection at lower antigen doses against a lethal aerosol challenge...

Intermolecular interactions of protein-protein complexes play a principal role in the process of discovering new substances used in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Among such complexes of proteins, we have to mention antibodies; they interact with specific antigens of two genera of single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Filoviridae-Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus; both cause rare but fatal viral hemorrhagic fever in Africa, with pandemic potential. In this research, we conduct studies aimed at the design and evaluation of antibodies targeting the filovirus glycoprotein precursor GP-1,2 to develop potential targets for the pan-filovirus easy-to-use rapid diagnostic tests...

Transcription factors BACH2 and IRF4 are both essential for antibody class-switch recombination (CSR) in activated B lymphocytes, while they oppositely regulate the differentiation of plasma cells (PCs). Here, we investigated how BACH2 and IRF4 interact during CSR and plasma-cell differentiation. We found that BACH2 organizes heterochromatin formation of target gene loci in mouse splenic B cells, including targets of IRF4 activation such as Aicda, an inducer of CSR, and Prdm1, a master plasma-cell regulator...

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of short-term substitution of recombinant humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (Basiliximab) as acute GVHD (aGVHD) prophylaxis in calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) intolerant patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . Methods: This study included 17 patients with refractory malignant hematological disorders who underwent salvage allo-HSCT at the Bone Marrow Transplantation Department of Shanghai Zhaxin Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital from August 2021 to August 2022 and were treated with Baliximab to prevent aGVHD due to severe adverse reactions to CNI...

The immunogenicity and safety of the concomitant administration of recombinant COVID-19 vaccine and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (Split Virion) (QIIV) in Chinese adults are unclear. In this open-label, randomized controlled trial, participants aged ≥ 18 years were recruited. Eligible healthy adults were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive QIIV at the same time as the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine (simultaneous-group) or 14 days after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine (non-simultaneous-group)...

BACKGROUND: The house dust mite (HDM) is widely recognized as the most prevalent allergen in allergic diseases. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) has been successfully implemented in clinical treatment for HDM. Hypoallergenic B-cell epitope-based vaccine designed by artificial intelligence (AI) represents a significant progression of recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives. METHOD: The three-dimensional protein structure of Der f 36 was constructed using Alphafold2...

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies targeting B cell-restricted antigens CD19, CD20, or CD22 can produce potent clinical responses for some B cell malignancies, but relapse remains common. Camelid single-domain antibodies (sdAbs or nanobodies) are smaller, simpler, and easier to recombine than single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) used in most CARs, but fewer sdAb-CARs have been reported. Thus, we sought to identify a therapeutically active sdAb-CAR targeting human CD22. Immunization of an adult Llama glama with CD22 protein, sdAb-cDNA library construction, and phage panning yielded >20 sdAbs with diverse epitope and binding properties...

Antigenic drift is a major driver of viral evolution and a primary reason why influenza vaccines must be reformulated annually. Mismatch between vaccine and circulating viral strains negatively affects vaccine effectiveness and often contributes to higher rates of influenza-related hospitalizations and deaths, particularly in years dominated by A(H3N2). Several countries recommend enhanced influenza vaccines for older adults, who are at the highest risk of severe influenza complications and mortality. The immunogenicity of enhanced vaccines against heterologous A(H3N2) strains has been examined in nine studies to date...

There are a variety of nontreponemal test (NTT) and treponemal test (TT) kits for the serologic diagnosis of syphilis. Because of the complexity of the infection (multiple clinical stages) and the different antigens used in these kits, a systematic evaluation of the accuracy of the currently available commercial tests is warranted. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of commercially available tests for the diagnosis of syphilis infection. In this study, we analyzed one NTT (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory [VDRL] test, Wiener Laboratories, Rosario, Argentina) and two TTs (fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption [FTA-ABS] test, Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany, and syphilis recombinant ELISA v...

Feline parvovirus (FPV) infection is highly fatal in felines. NS1, which is a key nonstructural protein of FPV, can inhibit host innate immunity and promote viral replication, which is the main reason for the severe pathogenicity of FPV. However, the mechanism by which the NS1 protein disrupts host immunity and regulates viral replication is still unclear. Here, we identified an FPV M1 strain that is regulated by the NS1 protein and has more pronounced suppression of innate immunity, resulting in robust replication...

Porcine rotaviruses (PoRVs) cause severe economic losses in the swine industry. P[7] and P[23] are the predominant genotypes circulating on farms, but no vaccine is yet available. Here, we developed a bivalent subunit PoRV vaccine using truncated versions (VP4*) of the VP4 proteins from P[7] and P[23]. The vaccination of mice with the bivalent subunit vaccine elicited more robust neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and cellular immune responses than its components, even at high doses. The bivalent subunit vaccine and inactivated bivalent vaccine prepared from strains PoRVs G9P[7] and G9P[23] were used to examine their protective efficacy in sows and suckling piglets after passive immunization...

Single-chain Fv (scFv) is a recombinant small antibody in which a polypeptide linker connects the variable regions of the light chain (VL) and the heavy chain (VH). The practical use of scFv, however, has been prevented by its tendency to aggregate due to interchain VL-VH interactions. We recently developed a cyclic scFv whose N-terminus and C-terminus were connected by protein ligation techniques. Biophysical comparisons between cyclic and linear scFv have been conducted, but cell biological evaluations remain unexplored...

Salmonella is a zoonotic bacterium that is considered to be one of the most common causes of foodborne infections worldwide. Bearing in mind the genes involved in its virulence, identifying these genes can enable experts to better understand bacterial pathogenicity, which could subsequently help develop more efficient means to control and prevent infections. This study aimed to analyze stn , sipB , and sopB genes in various Salmonella serovars. To carry out this study, 103 Salmonella serovars were extracted from livestock, poultry, and humans from existing samples at the Department of Microbiology of the Razi Serum and Vaccine Research Institute in Karaj, Iran...

ConspectusThe COVID-19 pandemic further demonstrated the need for usable, reliable, and cost-effective point-of-care diagnostics that can be broadly deployed, ideally for self-testing at home. Antigen tests using more-detectable reporter labels (usually at the cost of reader complexity) achieve better diagnostic sensitivity, supporting the value of higher-analytical-sensitivity reporter technologies in lateral flow.We developed a new approach to simple, inexpensive lateral flow assays (LFAs) of great sensitivity, based on the glow stick peroxyoxalate chemistry widely used in emergency settings and in children's toys...

Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 are two major respiratory pathogens that cocirculate in humans and cause serious illness with the potential to exacerbate disease in the event of co-infection. To develop a bivalent vaccine, capable of protecting against both infections, we inserted the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein into hemagglutinin (HA) molecule or into the open reading frame of the truncated nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) virus and assessed phenotypic characteristics of the rescued LAIV-RBD viruses, as well as their immunogenicity in mouse and Syrian hamster animal models...

African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a significant threat to the global swine industry. Currently, there are no effective vaccines or treatments available to combat ASFV infection in pigs. The primary means of controlling the spread of the disease is through rapid detection and subsequent elimination of infected pig. Recently, a lower virulent ASFV isolate with a deleted EP402R gene (CD2v-deleted) has been reported in China, which further complicates the control of ASFV infection the pig farms. Furthermore, an EP402R-deleted ASFV variant has been developed as a potential live attenuated vaccine candidate strain...

Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody-positive dermatomyositis (DM) is characterized by amyopathic DM with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-associated ILD frequently develop rapidly progression and present high mortality rate in the acute phase. Here, we established a murine model of ILD mediated by autoimmunity against MDA5. Mice immunized with recombinant murine MDA5 whole protein, accompanied with complete Freund's adjuvant once a week for four times, developed MDA5-reactive T cells and anti-MDA5 antibodies...

Panitumumab is a recombinant, fully humanized immunoglobulin G2 monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is approved for the first- and second-line treatment of advanced wild-type KRAS colorectal cancer. Although common cutaneous side effects include acneiform dermatitis, folliculitis, and xerosis, ocular toxicities have occasionally been reported. Herein, we report the case of an 81-year-old Thai female with chemorefractory advanced stage sigmoid colon cancer who developed isolated periorbital dermatitis following treatment with panitumumab plus modified FOLFOX6...