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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Monica S Kahabuka, Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel, Peter M Mbelele, Emmanuel A Mpolya, Stellah G Mpagama, Jonas P Kessy, Tsegahun Manyazewal
BACKGROUND: The world is moving towards the third target of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS to ensure most people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) are virologically suppressed. Little is known about viral suppression at an undetectable level and the risk of viral rebound phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa which covers 67% of the global HIV burden.This study aimed to investigate the proportion of viral suppression at an undetectable level and the risk of viral rebound among people living with HIV receiving ART in northern Tanzania...
April 11, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
#22
REVIEW
Beatrice Wamuti, Muhammad S Jamil, Nandi Siegfried, Nathan Ford, Rachel Baggaley, Cheryl Case Johnson, Peter Cherutich
INTRODUCTION: Following HIV testing services (HTS), the World Health Organization recommends prompt linkage to prevention and treatment. Scale-up of effective linkage strategies is essential to achieving the global 95-95-95 goals for maintaining low HIV incidence by 2030 and reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Whereas linkage to care including same-day antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for all people with HIV is now routinely implemented in testing programmes, linkage to HIV prevention interventions including behavioural or biomedical strategies, for HIV-negative individuals remains sub-optimal...
April 2024: Journal of the International AIDS Society
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bronwyn Neufeld, Chantal Munyuza, Alexandria Reimer, Rupert Capiña, Emma R Lee, Marissa Becker, Paul Sandstrom, Hezhao Ji, François Cholette
Despite increasing scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage, challenges related to adherence and HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) remain. The high cost of HIVDR surveillance is a persistent challenge with implementation in resource-constrained settings. Dried blood spot (DBS) specimens have been demonstrated to be a feasible alternative to plasma or serum for HIVDR genotyping and are more suitable for lower resource settings. There is a need for affordable HIVDR genotyping assays which can amplify HIV-1 sequences from DBS specimens, particularly those with low viral loads, at a low cost...
April 9, 2024: Journal of Virological Methods
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aude Christelle Ka'e, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Leonardo Duca, Collins Ambe Chenwi, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue, Alex Durand Nka, Naomi-Karell Etame, Willy Leroi Togna Pabo, Grace Beloumou, Marie Laure Mpouel, Sandrine Djupsa, Desire Takou, Samuel Martin Sosso, Hyppolite K Tchidjou, Vittorio Colizzi, Gregory-Edie Halle-Ekane, Carlo-Federico Perno, Sharon Lewin, R Brad Jones, Caroline T Tiemessen, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Joseph Fokam
BACKGROUND: With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), most children living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are growing toward adolescence, with scarcity of evidence on the size of viral reservoirs to enhance paediatric cure research strategies. This study aims to compare HIV-1 proviral DNA levels according to virological response among adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV-1 (ALPHIV) and identify associated-factors in the Cameroonian context. METHODS: In this observational cohort study, HIV-1 RNA viremia and CD4+ T-cell count were assessed through RT-PCR and flow cytometry respectively at three time-points over 18 months of observation...
March 2024: Journal of Virus Eradication
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily Dema, Helen Peters, Yvonne Gilleece, Claire Thorne
INTRODUCTION: The extent to which individuals living with HIV experience residential and healthcare mobility during pregnancy in the UK is unknown. We aimed to determine a minimum estimate of residential and healthcare mobility during pregnancy in people living with HIV in the UK in 2009-2019 to explore patterns of and factors associated with mobility and to assess whether mobility was associated with specific HIV outcomes. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Integrated Screening Outcomes Surveillance Service to assess pregnancies with HIV in the UK and included livebirths and stillbirths with estimated delivery in 2009-2019...
April 10, 2024: HIV Medicine
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Freddy Green, Christopher du Plooy, Andrea M Rehman, Raymond T Nhapi, Marilyn T Lake, Whitney Barnett, Nadia Hoffman, Heather J Zar, Kirsten A Donald, Dan J Stein, Catherine J Wedderburn
INTRODUCTION: There are approximately 16 million children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected (CHEU) worldwide. Studies suggest that CHEU are at risk for developmental impairment in infancy, particularly in language domains. However, there is limited research examining neurocognitive function in CHEU older than 2 years, including important pre-school years. This study aimed to investigate associations between HIV exposure without infection and neurocognitive outcomes and to determine risk factors for neurodevelopment in CHEU at age 3-4 years...
2024: PloS One
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aurélie Ram, Vanessa Rascon Velasco, Gilbert Mchantaf, Véronique Avettand-Fénoël, Jean-Paul Viard
BACKGROUND: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) cannot be eradicated even with suppressive antiretroviral therapy because its retrotranscribed genome integrates into the DNA of host cells, creating a long-term reservoir. Quantification of total HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood is a biomarker of this reservoir that can predict progression of the infection, treatment response, and HIV-1-related complications. A deeper understanding of the reservoir may help develop a cures. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize persons living with HIV-1 (PLWH) with unquantifiable total HIV-1 DNA in blood (below the quantification threshold) and identify associated factors...
March 2024: Journal of Virus Eradication
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karol J Marwa, Josephine Kadodo, Shabani Iddi, Anthony Kapesa
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the magnitude of concurrent use of herbal medicines with ART, its associated factors and effect on viral load suppression and CD4 count among people living with HIV. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study involving 375 HIV positive patients on ART attending at care and treatment clinic (CTC). METHODS: Data were obtained through face-to-face interviews using pre-structured questionnaires and patient's files through a checklist...
June 2024: Public health in practice
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brandon F Keele, Afam A Okoye, Christine M Fennessey, Benjamin Varco-Merth, Taina T Immonen, Emek Kose, Andrew Conchas, Mykola Pinkevych, Leslie Lipkey, Laura Newman, Agatha Macairan, Marjorie Bosche, William J Bosche, Brian Berkemeier, Randy Fast, Mike Hull, Kelli Oswald, Rebecca Shoemaker, Lorna Silipino, Robert J Gorelick, Derick Duell, Alejandra Marenco, William Brantley, Jeremy Smedley, Michael Axthelm, Miles P Davenport, Jeffrey D Lifson, Louis J Picker
The rebound competent viral reservoir (RCVR)-virus that persists during antiretroviral treatment (ART) and can reignite systemic infection when treatment is stopped-is the primary barrier to eradicating HIV. We used time to initiation of ART during primary infection of rhesus macaques (RMs) after intravenous challenge with barcoded SIVmac239 as a means to elucidate the dynamics of RCVR establishment in groups of RMs by creating a multi-log range of pre-ART viral loads and then assessed viral time-to-rebound and reactivation rates resulting from the discontinuation of ART after one year...
April 2024: PLoS Pathogens
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alison Rousseau, Eric McGrath, Laura Benjamins, Salome Cockern, Jill Meade, Keshaum Houston, Melina Breaux, Elizabeth Secord
Nineteen youth living with HIV (YLWH) opted for injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine without oral lead in and without achieving an undetectable HIV viral load (VL) for the 3 months prior to initiation. All achieved undetectable status within 3 months (3 injections) and maintained an undetectable status through 6-12 months of therapy.
April 9, 2024: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#31
Vadim Belinschi, Charity Iheagwara, Ala Muhanna
Cryptococcal meningitis should be considered in individuals diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and presenting with a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)-helper T cell count below 100 cells/ml. The 2022 guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) advocate for initiating treatment with a high dose (10 mg/kg) of liposomal amphotericin B, followed by flucytosine and fluconazole for a two-week duration. Additionally, alternative treatment options involving a combination of flucytosine and fluconazole are recommended...
March 2024: Curēus
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jianxin Tang, Ruihui Weng, Taishi Fang, Kangjun Zhang, Xu Yan, Xin Jin, Linjie Xie, Dong Zhao
BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been able to improve the immune system function and survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. However, Patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are more likely to develop end-stage liver disease (ESLD) than those infected with HBV alone. Consequently, liver transplantation is often required for these patients. This study evaluates the outcomes of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) of HIV-HBV coinfected patients in China...
April 8, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
#33
REVIEW
Marta Calado, Rita Ferreira, David Pires, Quirina Santos-Costa, Elsa Anes, Dora Brites, José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
Since the identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in 1983, many improvements have been made to control viral replication in the peripheral blood and to treat opportunistic infections. This has increased life expectancy but also the incidence of age-related central nervous system (CNS) disorders and HIV-associated neurodegeneration/neurocognitive impairment and depression collectively referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HAND encompasses a spectrum of different clinical presentations ranging from milder forms such as asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment or mild neurocognitive disorder to a severe HIV-associated dementia (HAD)...
May 2024: Reviews in Medical Virology
#34
Alton Barbehenn, Lei Shi, Junzhe Shao, Rebecca Hoh, Heather M Hartig, Vivian Pae, Sannidhi Sarvadhavabhatla, Sophia Donaire, Caroline Sheikhzadeh, Jeffrey Milush, Gregory M Laird, Mignot Mathias, Kristen Ritter, Michael Peluso, Jeffrey Martin, Frederick Hecht, Christopher Pilcher, Stephanie E Cohen, Susan Buchbinder, Diane Havlir, Monica Gandhi, Timothy J Henrich, Hiroyu Hatano, Jingshen Wang, Steven G Deeks, Sulggi A Lee
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not a cure. Upon ART cessation, virus rapidly rebounds from latently-infected cells ("the HIV reservoir"). The reservoir is largely stabilized at the time of ART initiation and then decays slowly. Here, leveraging >500 longitudinal samples from 67 people with HIV (PWH) treated during acute infection, we developed a novel mathematical model to predict reservoir decay using the intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA) from peripheral CD4+ T cells. Nonlinear generalized additive models adjusted for initial CD4+ T count, pre-ART viral load, and timing of ART initiation demonstrated rapid biphasic decay of intact DNA (week 0-5: t 1/2 ∼0...
March 28, 2024: medRxiv
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ekaterina Ozhmegova, Aleksey Lebedev, Anastasiia Antonova, Anna Kuznetsova, Elena Kazennova, Kristina Kim, Aleksandr Tumanov, Marina Bobkova
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate mutations associated with, the causes of, and the conditions that contribute to HIV drug resistance (DR). This research provides crucial insights into the mechanisms through which HIV evades antiretroviral drugs and suggests strategies to counter this phenomenon. Our objective was to assess the prevalence and structure of DR in HIV-1 across various regions in Russia and identify the primary factors influencing the development of HIV DR. METHODS: The study used nucleotide sequences from the HIV-1 pol gene obtained from 1369 patients with a history of therapy and virological failure between 2005 and 2019 to analyze the frequency and structure of DR and the factors associated with it...
April 7, 2024: HIV Medicine
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Na Li, Hong-Yi Zheng, Wen-Qiang He, Xiao-Yan He, Rui Li, Wen-Bo Cui, Wei-Lin Yang, Xing-Qi Dong, Zhi-Qiang Shen, Yong-Tang Zheng
OBJECTIVES: There is conflicting data regarding the response of older people with HIV (PWH) to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term immunological and virological responses, changes in regimen, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in older participants (50+ years) compared with younger (18-34 years) and middle-aged (35-49 years) PWH. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted on 1622 participants who received ART in Yunnan Province, China, from 2010 to 2019...
May 1, 2024: AIDS
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shujing Ma, Xiaoxin Xie, Yanhua Fu, Lin Gan, Xiaoyan Yang, Linghong Kong, Jun Li, Hai Long
INTRODUCTION: The efficacy and safety of ainuovirine+lamivudine+tenofovir (ANV+3TC+TDF) and efavirenz+lamivudine+tenofovir (EFV+3TC+TDF) have been confirmed in previous clinical trials; however, there are no related studies on patient-reported outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these 2 antiretroviral therapy regimens and to understand the patient's symptom experience and subjective experience of sleep quality through patient-reported outcomes. METHODS: This is a single-center prospective cohort study with 243 patients evaluated from October 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022...
April 2024: Immunity, Inflammation and Disease
#38
Fatima Abdeljaleel, Jehad Azar, Laith A Ayasa, Dima Rabaia
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative disease, that mostly affects HIV-infected patients with a high viral load and a low CD4 count. In rare cases, the paradoxical worsening of a pre-existing or previously unrecognized opportunistic infection occurs in a phenomenon known as immune reconstitution inflammatory response (IRIS). CASE PRESENTATION: The authors presented a male patient in his 30s with HIV, who developed a series of complications caused by KS following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy...
April 2024: Annals of Medicine and Surgery
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carmen Hidalgo Tenorio, Sergio Sequera, María J Vivancos, David Vinuesa, Antonio Collado, Ignacio De Los Santos, Patricia Sorni, Noemi Cabello-Clotet, Marta Montero, Carlos Ramos Font, Alberto Terron, M J Galindo, Onofre Martinez, P Ryan, Mohamed Omar-Mohamed, Helena Albendín Iglesias, Rosario Javier, Miguel ÁngelLópez- Ruz, Alberto Romero, Coral García Vallecillos
OBJECTIVE: Multiple strategies have been utilized to reduce the incidence of HIV, including PrEP and rapid antiretroviral therapy initiation. The study objectives were to evaluate the efficacy, safety, satisfaction, treatment adherence, and system retention obtained with rapid initiation of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) in naïve patients. METHODS: This phase IV, multicenter, open-label, single-arm, 48-week clinical trial enrolled patients between January 2020 and June 2022...
April 2, 2024: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olanrewaju Edun, Lucy Okell, Helen Chun, Anne-Cecile Z Bissek, Clement B Ndongmo, Judith D Shang, Hermann Brou, Eboi Ehui, Alexandre K Ekra, Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Sindisiwe S Dlamini, Choice Ginindza, Frehywot Eshetu, Yimam G Misganie, Sileshi Lulseged Desta, Thomas N O Achia, Appolonia Aoko, Sasi Jonnalagadda, Rose Wafula, Fred M Asiimwe, Shirley Lecher, Kondwani Nkanaunena, Mtemwa K Nyangulu, Rose Nyirenda, Anita Beukes, Johannes O Klemens, Negussie Taffa, Andrew A Abutu, Matthias Alagi, Man E Charurat, Ibrahim Dalhatu, Gambo Aliyu, Collins Kamanzi, Celestine Nyagatare, Gallican N Rwibasira, Mohamed F Jalloh, Werner M Maokola, George S Mgomella, Wilford L Kirungi, Christina Mwangi, Jennifer A Nel, Peter A Minchella, Gloria Gonese, Melodie A Nasr, Stephane Bodika, Elisabeth Mungai, Hetal K Patel, Katrina Sleeman, Kyle Milligan, Emilio Dirlikov, Andrew C Voetsch, Ray W Shiraishi, Jeffrey W Imai-Eaton
As antiretroviral treatment (ART) coverage for people living with HIV (PLHIV) increases, HIV programmes require up-to-date information about evolving HIV risk behaviour and transmission risk, including those with low-level viremia (LLV; >50 to ≤1000 copies/mL), to guide prevention priorities. We aimed to assess differences in sexual risk behaviours, distribution of viral load (VL) and proportion of transmission across PLHIV subgroups. We analysed data from Population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys in 14 sub-Saharan African countries during 2015-2019...
2024: PLOS Glob Public Health
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