acute abdomen pain guidelines

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal complications of this COVID-19 have been reported over the last year. One such manifestation is bowel ischemia. This study thus aims to provide a more holistic review of our current understanding of COVID-19 induced bowel ischemia. METHOD AND RESULTS: A meticulous search was performed using different keywords in PubMed and Google Scholar. Fifty-two articles were included in our study after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and performing the qualitative assessment of the studies...

Objective: We report 2 cases of haemoperitoneum due to a bleeding of the uterine artery caused by infiltrating endometriosis. We have also conducted a literature review on endometriosis-related intra-abdominal haemorrhage and wrote a practical guideline on how this entity can be recognized and handled. Patients: Case 1: A 49-year-old multiparous woman presented with intense stabbing pain in the lower abdomen during her menstruation. CT angiography showed a bleeding from a side branch of the internal iliac artery...

BACKGROUND: In the United States, the third leading cause of a large bowel obstruction (LBO) is colonic volvulus with torsion occurring most commonly in the sigmoid and the cecum. Transverse colonic volvulus (TCV) is exceedingly rare and specific involvement of the splenic flexure (SFV) is even less common. The present analysis was undertaken to interrogate current trends in presentation, management, and outcomes of TCV. METHODS: In the present report, the world literature was reviewed for the past 90 years (1932 to 2021)...

BACKGROUND: An acute inguinal hernia remains a common emergency surgical condition worldwide. While emergency surgery has a major role to play in treatment of acute hernias, not all patients are fit for emergency surgery, nor are facilities for such surgery always available. Taxis is the manual reduction of incarcerated tissues from the hernia sack to its natural compartment, and can help delay the need for surgery from days to months. The aim of this study was to prepare a safe algorithm for performing manual reduction of incarcerated inguinal hernias in adults...

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is an identified complication of the COVID-19 infection. A common presentation of both COVID-19 and MIS-C is acute abdominal pain, sometimes mimicking appendicitis. We report two cases of patients initially diagnosed with appendicitis who either presented with or developed signs of shock and were found to have MIS-C. An 8-year-old girl who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) presented with fever, abdominal pain, and shock with ultrasound findings consistent with acute appendicitis...

INTRODUCTION: Epiploic appendagitis is a torsion of fatty appendages of ligamentum trees (1), it's a rare cause of abdominal pain that usually manifests by right or left iliac fossa pain, reminding of appendicitis, diverticulitis or ischemia of the omentum. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 56 years old male patient admitted for an epigastric pain and a right-upper quadrant abdominal pain, for whom he underwent an abdominal ultrasound and a CT-scan who shown an abscessed mass under colic transverse to the unusual seat...

AIM: Starting from a case presentation, this review aims to present literature data on inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFPs) of the small intestine. METHODS: Case report and systematic review. A comprehensive systematic review of English literature using PubMed was conducted, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The used key words were: "inflammatory fibroid polyp" or "Vanek", including only cases with IFPs localized of the small intestine, published from 1976 to 2019...

INTRODUCTION: Schwannomas are benign neurogenic tumors that make up less than 1 percent of all gastrointestinal tumors. Schwannoma can occur along peripheral nerves anywhere throughout the body. Gastrointestinal schwannoma is relatively rare and most commonly occurs in the stomach, small intestine, and colon, respectively. There have only been a handful of case reports describing appendiceal schwannomas. Approximately 30-50 percent of appendicular tumors show clinical symptoms and signs similar to those of appendicitis...

BACKGROUND: Adult midgut malrotation is a rare cause of an acute abdomen requiring urgent intervention. It may also present in the non-acute setting with chronic, non-specific symptoms. The objective of this study is to identify the clinical features, appropriate investigations and current surgical management associated with adult malrotation. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, identifying confirmed cases of adult malrotation...

We present a case where a toothpick perforation in both the large and small bowel was intra-operatively diagnosed. A 45-years-old man presented with 48 hours abdominal pain associated with fever. The abdomen was tender at the McBurney point with signs of localized peritonitis. We suspected an acute appendicitis. The patient underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy. During the operation we exposed a toothpick perforating both sigmoid and small bowel. The toothpick was removed and a direct suture of the two perforations was performed...

Background: The number of bariatric procedures is increasing worldwide. No consensus or guidelines about the emergency management of long-term complications following bariatric surgery are currently available. The aim of this study is to investigate by a web survey how an emergency surgeon approaches this unique group of patients in an emergency medical scenario and to report their personal experience. Method: An international web survey was sent to 197 emergency surgeons with the aim to collect data about emergency surgeons' experience in the management of patients admitted in the emergency department for acute abdominal pain after bariatric surgery...

BACKGROUND: Primary appendiceal cancers are rare, and they generally present with liver and/or peritoneal metastases. Currently there are no guidelines to treat metastatic appendiceal cancer, and hence they are treated as metastatic colorectal cancer. Combining Yttrium 90 (Y-90) radioembolization (RE) with systemic chemotherapy early in the treatment of right sided colon cancers has been shown to improve survival. Based on this data, a combination of systemic chemotherapy and Y-90 RE was used to treat a case of metastatic appendiceal cancer...

Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (ISMAD) is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain. Clinical presentation ranges from an asymptomatic incidental finding to acute bowel ischemia or fatal aneurysmal super mesenteric artery (SMA) rupture. We report the case of a 58-year-old male presenting with abdominal pain. Imaging studies revealed an ISMAD without radiological evidence of bowel ischemia. The patient was successfully treated using a conservative approach including bowel rest and anticoagulation...

A 48-year-old male presented to the psychiatric emergency room for dysmorphic mood. He was admitted to medical service for the management of hyponatremia, which was discovered in his initial laboratory workup. After the first day of admission, he developed abdominal pain and fever, and subsequent laboratory work revealed a triglyceride level of 10 612 mg/dL (reference range = 0-194 mg/dL). Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a hypodense lesion in the pancreas surrounded by a moderate amount of peripancreatic fluid suggestive of hemorrhagic pancreatitis...

The spectrum of dermato-oncological emergencies is multifaceted. They are particularly observed in cases with malignant melanoma due to the large number of patients and prolonged survival rates that are associated with new therapies for advanced disease. Dermato-oncological patients present to the hospital with symptoms like nausea and emesis, unexpected neurological deficits, various gastrointestinal problems, and even acute abdomen, acute breathlessness, or hemoptysis. Furthermore, emergencies can be caused by hematological problems like anemia and leukopenia...

RATIONALE: Herein, we present a case of seemingly unprovoked portal vein thrombosis (PVT) occurring in the context of an acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and prolonged debilitating fatigue. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 46-year-old male airline pilot presented with a 2 week history of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, and daily recurrent fevers. This was in the context of progressive, debilitating fatigue for 3 months forcing the patient to leave his job...

With several different imaging options available, it is not surprising that health care providers are unsure which imaging study is most appropriate for evaluating patients who present to the emergency department with abdominal pain. The American College of Radiology, currently, has appropriateness criteria for patients presenting with right upper, right lower, and left lower quadrant pain, and there are different variants for each of these quadrants. Clinicians should be aware of the American College of Radiology appropriateness criteria and, whenever possible, should be using criteria as guide to help them order the most appropriate imaging study...

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS), caused by the hantavirus, is a natural infectious disease characterized by fever, hemorrhage and renal damage. China is the most severely endemic area for HFRS in the world. In recent years, critical scoring systems based on quantitative classification have become an important clinical tool for predicting and evaluating the prognosis of critical illness, and provide guidelines for clinical practice. METHODS: The sample comprised 384 patients with HFRS treated in the Taizhou Hospital from January 2006 to February 2017...

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that may involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Acute manifestations in female internal reproductive organs are rare and have been described in only a few cases. A 27-year-old nulligravida woman diagnosed with CD presented with pelvic pain, fever, and a palpable mass (confirmed by ultrasound) in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. She underwent diagnostic laparoscopy because of worsening symptoms suggestive of a tubo-ovarian abscess. The right adnexa were excised after adhesiolysis...

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound (US) is often the imaging modality of choice in women with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain, identifying the appendix in up to 99% of patients. The literature, however, lacks clear guidelines on how ultrasonography should be performed to maximise sensitivity and specificity in such patients. Many centres perform untargeted abdomino-pelvic scans, including organs such as the liver and spleen, which unlikely contribute to the presenting complaint. AIMS: We aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of unfocussed abdominal and pelvic US in women of reproductive age with acute RIF pain...