Allergic conjunctivitis

In the present study, our aim was to explore the role of MUC4 in IL-4-stimulated conjunctival epithelial cells and the underlying mechanisms. Human recombinant IL-4 was employed in human conjunctival epithelial cells (HConEpic) cells, and MUC4 shRNA (sh-MUC4) was constructed to explore the functional role of MUC4. The protein level of MUC4, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAc hydrolase (OGA), zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), gap junction protein beta 2 (GJB2), claudin-8 (CLDN8), and E-cadherin were detected by Western blot in HConEpic cells, the interaction between MUC4 and OGT/OGA was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blot in 293T cells...

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented global disruption to both healthcare providers and patients with respiratory allergies. There are limited real-life data on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the risk perception of patients with allergy treated with allergen immunotherapy (AIT). OBJECTIVE: To understand the risk perception of allergic patients treated with sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) before and during the pandemic, and their attitudes towards COVID-19 infection and vaccination...

BACKGROUND: Several observational studies suggest a possible link between lipid-lowering drugs and allergic diseases. However, inferring causality from these studies can be challenging due to issues such as bias, reverse causation, and residual confounding. To investigate the potential causal effect of lipid-lowering drugs, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, on allergic diseases (allergic asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and allergic urticaria), we performed a Mendelian randomization (MR)-based study...

PURPOSE: This study evaluates the recent trends in ocular morbidities and vision-related practices in "out-of-school" children in urban slums of Gurugram in North India. METHODS: In this observational study, a validated questionnaire was administered to 161 students from two nonformal slum schools. Sociocultural, demographic data, vision-related practices, and visual acuity with subjective refraction of the children were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 80 boys and 81 girls (9...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease with a bipolar age distribution in childhood, adolescence and middle adulthood. Up to 50% of AD patients show ocular involvement, which can be potentially sight threatening. Clinically, the majority of cases present with atopic blepharo(kerato)conjunctivitis or atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC); other clinical variants from this group of inflammatory ocular surface diseases are keratoconjunctivitis vernalis in childhood and adolescence and allergic conjunctivitis...

Contaminants may induce immune response polarization, leading to immune diseases, such as allergic diseases. Evidence concerning the effects of chlorinated paraffins (CPs), an emerging persistent organic pollutant, on immune system is scarce, particularly for epidemiological evidence. This study explores the association between CPs exposure and allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, atopic eczema, and allergic conjunctivitis) in children and adolescents in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in China. Herein, 131,304 children and adolescents from primary and secondary schools in the PRD were included and completed the questionnaire survey...

Background: Early-onset myopia increases the risk of irreversible high myopia. Methods: This study systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose atropine for myopia control in children with premyopia through meta-analysis using random-effects models. Effect sizes were calculated using risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Comprehensive searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were conducted until 20 December 2023, without language restrictions. Results: Four studies involving 644 children with premyopia aged 4-12 years were identified, with atropine concentrations ranging from 0...

BACKGROUND: Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) afflicts a significant portion of the global populace. Yet, its metabolic foundations remain largely unexplored. METHODS: We applied Mendelian Randomization (MR) and Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC) to scrutinize a cohort comprising 20 958 AC cases and 356 319 controls. Data were amalgamated from the metabolomics GWAS server and the FinnGen project, under strict quality control protocols. RESULTS: Using two-sample MR analysis, 486 blood metabolites were investigated in relation to AC...

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The efficacy and safety of preventive allergen immunotherapy (pAIT) in children are currently under investigation. Here, we provide an overview of pAIT with respiratory allergens concerning the prevention of new sensitizations, allergic disease onset and progression as well as further immunomodulatory effects. Three databases were searched for clinical pAIT studies in children. Selected publications were reviewed for preventive outcomes according to prevention level (primary, secondary, and tertiary), allergen type, administration route, dose, and treatment duration...

BACKGROUND: Traditional eye medicine (TEM) is becoming more widely used across the world. Depending on the drugs used, TEM usage can be considered harmful or innocuous. The therapy may induce infection or irreparable blindness in the already injured eye.The aim of the study was to determine the proportion of traditional eye medicine practices and associated factors among adult ophthalmic patients attending ophthalmic clinics in the governmental hospitals in the West Bank. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted on 300 patients...

Allergic rhinitis affects approximately 40% of children. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, sociodemographic features, comorbid illnesses, complications and quality of life in children referred to the outpatient clinic of "Allergic Rhinitis" in Penteli Children Hospital, Athens, Greece. We analyzed 590 pediatric patients referred to the outpatient clinic of "Allergic Rhinitis" in Penteli Children Hospital, Athens, Greece from 26/01/2012 to 20/11/2022. Allergic rhinitis was recorded as the one and only allergic disease in 59% of the children diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, concomitant asthma in 16% of them, atopic dermatitis in 8% and allergic conjunctivitis in 5%...

Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the common immune hypersensitivity disorders that affect the ocular system. The clinical manifestations of this condition exhibit variability contingent upon environmental factors, seasonal dynamics, and genetic predisposition. While our comprehension of the pathophysiological engagement of immune and nonimmune cells in the conjunctiva has progressed, the same cannot be asserted for the cytokines mediating this inflammatory cascade. In this review, we proffer a comprehensive description of interleukins 4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33, as well as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), elucidating their pathophysiological roles in mediating the allergic immune responses on the ocular surface...

Combined exposures to allergens and air pollutants emerged as a topic of concern in scientific circles by the 1980's, when it became clear that parallel increases in respiratory allergies and traffic-related air pollution had been occurring during the 20th century. Although historically there has been a tendency to treat exposure-related symptoms as either allergic or toxicologic in nature, cross-interactions have since been established between the two modalities. For example, exposure to selected air pollutants in concert with a given allergen can increase the likelihood that an individual will become sensitized to that allergen, strongly suggesting that the pollutant acted as an adjuvant ...

A 32-year-old male, with juvenile open-angle glaucoma on chronic antiglaucoma therapy and recently introduced brimonidine eye drops to the treatment regimen, developed bilateral follicular conjunctivitis with subepithelial infiltrates (SEIs) initially resembling common infectious keratoconjunctivitis entities. The persistent nature of the conjunctivitis, the lack of positive conjunctival cultures, the absence of systemic symptoms, the full resolution of the condition upon discontinuation of antiglaucoma drops, and the commencement of topical steroids, along with the reappearance of SEIs upon reintroducing brimonidine; suggested an immune-mediated drug reaction secondary to a Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) preserved brimonidine tartrate 0...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The prevalence rate of allergic diseases including asthma, atopic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis (AD) has been significantly increasing in recent decades due to environmental changes and social developments. With the study of innate lymphoid cells, the crucial role played by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been progressively unveiled in allergic diseases. ILC2s, which are a subset of innate lymphocytes initiate allergic responses. They respond swiftly during the onset of allergic reactions and produce type 2 cytokines, working in conjunction with T helper type 2 (Th2) cells to induce and sustain type 2 immune responses...

Globally, there has been a dramatic increase in the geriatric population. Sadly, this populace is highly prone to develop various ocular morbidities putting pressure on the strained eye care delivery system especially in low-income countries. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the distribution of ocular morbidities among elderly. The study was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Mzuzu Central Hospital in Malawi. We retrieved data from the hospital's Ophthalmology out-patient registry from January 2021 to December 2021...

Purpose: Topical antihistamines, such as olopatadine hydrochloride, an H1 receptor antagonist, are commonly prescribed for treating allergic conjunctivitis. Drug delivery via eye drops has many deficiencies including a short residence time due to tear drainage via the nasolacrimal duct, which results in a low bioavailability and potential for side effects. These deficiencies could be mitigated by a drug-eluting contact lens such as the recently approved ACUVUE® THERAVISION™ WITH KETOTIFEN which is a daily disposable etafilcon, a drug-eluting contact lens with ketotifen (19 μg per lens)...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlations between Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, pruritus, and lesion severity in patients with eczema, atopic dermatitis, or urticaria. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted and data of 814 patients who visited the dermatology or allergy clinics of multiple hospitals, from December 2019 to December 2021, were collected. Patients were divided into children group (<18 years, 325 cases), adult group (18-60 years, 435 cases), and older population group (>60 years, 54 cases) based on the age...