keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535832/agc-kinases-oxi1-and-agc2-2-regulate-camalexin-secretion-and-disease-resistance-by-phosphorylating-transporter-pdr6
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juan Han, Chang-Xin Liu, Jian Liu, Cheng-Run Wang, Shun-Chang Wang, Guopeng Miao
Plant transporters regulating the distribution of secondary metabolites play critical roles in defending against pathogens, insects, and interacting with beneficial microbes. The phosphorylation of these transporters can alter their activity, stability, and intracellular protein trafficking. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying this modification remains elusive. In this study, we discovered two Orthologs of mammalian PKA, PKG, and PKC (AGC) kinases, Oxidative signal-inducible 1 (OXI1) and its closest homologue, AGC subclass 2 member 2 (AGC2-2; 75% amino acid sequence identity with OXI1), associated with the extracellular secretion of camalexin and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea...
March 27, 2024: Plant Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533281/efficacy-of-pistacia-lentiscus-plant-rumi-mastagi-in-comparison-to-levosulpiride-in-patients-with-diabetic-gastroparesis-a-double-blind-non-inferior-randomised-control-trial-study
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ajaypal Singh, Ravi Kant, Rohit Raina, Vandana Dhingra, Rajeev Nema, Mukesh Chand Bairwa, Varsha Kanwar, Rifika L Sukhes Mukherjee, Anissa Atif Mirza, Mayank Agarwal
INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal neuropathies are frequently found in diabetic patients. The pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis (DG) is multifactorial. The usual treatment for DG includes dietary modifications, prokinetic and antiemetic agents. There is increasing demand for more effective medicines to treat DG. The current study was conducted on the Pistacia lentiscus stem extract to add to the armamentarium of DG treatment and to find the efficacy of P. lentiscus plant extract (mastic gum) in comparison to levosulpiride in DG for improvement in gastroparesis symptoms and gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) in a single centric double-blind non-inferiority randomised control trial...
2024: Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533279/sglt2-inhibitors-paradigm-shift-from-diabetes-care-to-metabolic-care-an-indian-perspective
#3
REVIEW
K M Prasanna Kumar, A G Unnikrishnan, Pankaj Jariwala, Ashwani Mehta, Richa Chaturvedi, Sagar Panchal, Preet Lakhani, Rachana Acharya, Jitendra Dixit
The prevalence and burden of diabetes are on the rise in India, making it 'the diabetes capital of the world'. Comorbidities such as obesity, cardiovascular (CV) complications, chronic kidney disease (CKD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and neurodegenerative diseases are common in patients with diabetes. Recent breakthroughs in diabetes medications and continuous glucose monitoring have resulted in a paradigm shift in diabetes care. Hence, a review in the Indian context is warranted. This review focuses on the existing evidence (gathered by a systematic literature search utilising online databases such as PubMed) on the metabolic, cardio-renoprotective, and hepatoprotective effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition, particularly in the Indian setting...
2024: Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531982/the-pleiotropic-functions-of-reactive-oxygen-species-in-cancer
#4
REVIEW
Katherine Wu, Ahmed Ezat El Zowalaty, Volkan I Sayin, Thales Papagiannakopoulos
Cellular redox homeostasis is an essential, dynamic process that ensures the balance between reducing and oxidizing reactions within cells and thus has implications across all areas of biology. Changes in levels of reactive oxygen species can disrupt redox homeostasis, leading to oxidative or reductive stress that contributes to the pathogenesis of many malignancies, including cancer. From transformation and tumor initiation to metastatic dissemination, increasing reactive oxygen species in cancer cells can paradoxically promote or suppress the tumorigenic process, depending on the extent of redox stress, its spatiotemporal characteristics and the tumor microenvironment...
March 2024: Nature Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531691/blockade-of-il-13-signaling-improves-skin-barrier-function-and-biology-in-patients-with-moderate-to-severe-atopic-dermatitis
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicole Sander, Dora Stölzl, Melina Fonfara, Jan Hartmann, Inken Harder, Ina Suhrkamp, Ivone Jakaša, Ellen van den Bogaard, Ivonne van Vlijmen-Willems, Silke Szymczak, Elke Rodriguez, Sascha Gerdes, Stephan Weidinger
BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-13 is a key driver of inflammation and barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis (AD). While there is robust evidence that tralokinumab, a monoclonal antibody neutralizing IL-13, reduces inflammation and clinical disease activity, less is known about its effects on barrier function. OBJECTIVES: To characterize effects of tralokinumab treatment on skin barrier function. METHODS: Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), natural moisturizing factor (NMF) content, histopathological characteristics, biomarker expression and microbiome composition were evaluated in lesional, non-lesional, and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-irritated skin of 16 AD patients over the course of 16 weeks of tralokinumab treatment...
March 26, 2024: British Journal of Dermatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529389/independent-association-of-general-and-central-adiposity-with-risk-of-gallstone-disease-observational-and-genetic-analyses
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Min Zhang, Ye Bai, Yutong Wang, Huijie Cui, Wenqiang Zhang, Li Zhang, Peijing Yan, Mingshuang Tang, Yunjie Liu, Xia Jiang, Ben Zhang
BACKGROUND: General obesity is a well-established risk factor for gallstone disease (GSD), but whether central obesity contributes additional independent risk remains controversial. We aimed to comprehensively clarify the effect of body fat distribution on GSD. METHODS: We first investigated the observational association of central adiposity, characterized by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), with GSD risk using data from UK Biobank (N=472,050). We then explored the genetic relationship using summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association study of GSD ( ncase =43,639, ncontrol =506,798) as well as WHR, with and without adjusting for body mass index (BMI) (WHR: n =697,734; WHRadj BMI: n =694,649)...
2024: Frontiers in Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528630/integrative-analysis-revealed-a-correlation-of-pias-family-genes-expression-with-prognosis-immunomodulation-and-chemotherapy
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qiqi Zhang, Junkui Zhang, Tianyi Lan, Jiayue He, Bin Lei, Hongnan Wang, Zhiqiang Mei, Chaoxiang Lv
BACKGROUND: Protein inhibitor of activated STATs (PIAS) has pleiotropic biological effects, such as protein post-translational modification, transcriptional coregulation and gene editing. It is reported that PIAS family genes are also correlated with immune cells infiltration in cancers that highlights their unnoticed biological role in tumor progression. However, the relationship of their expression with prognosis, immune cell infiltration, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy in pan-cancer has been rarely reported...
March 25, 2024: European Journal of Medical Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528049/a-mediation-analysis-framework-based-on-variance-component-to-remove-genetic-confounding-effect
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zihan Dong, Hongyu Zhao, Andrew T DeWan
Identification of pleiotropy at the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level provides valuable insights into shared genetic signals among phenotypes. One approach to study these signals is through mediation analysis, which dissects the total effect of a SNP on the outcome into a direct effect and an indirect effect through a mediator. However, estimated effects from mediation analysis can be confounded by the genetic correlation between phenotypes, leading to inaccurate results. To address this confounding effect in the context of genetic mediation analysis, we propose a restricted-maximum-likelihood (REML)-based mediation analysis framework called REML-mediation, which can be applied to either individual-level or summary statistics data...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Human Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527276/unpacking-immune-modulation-as-a-site-of-therapeutics-innovation-for-nematode-parasite-wuchereria-bancrofti-a-temporal-quantitative-phosphoproteomics-profiling-of-macrophage-migration-inhibitory-factor-2
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ishwar Singh, Anagha Kanichery, Chinmaya Narayana Kotimoole, Prashant Kumar Modi, Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad, Sugeerappa Laxamannappa Hoti
Nematode infections are common in both humans and livestock, with major adverse planetary health and economic impacts. Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic nematode that causes lymphatic filariasis, a neglected tropical disease that can lead to severe disability and deformity worldwide. For the long-term survival of the bancroftian parasites in the host, a complex immune invasion strategy is involved through immunomodulation. Therefore, immunomodulation can serve as a site of research and innovation for molecular targets...
March 2024: Omics: a Journal of Integrative Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526625/regulation-of-cancer-progression-by-ck2-an-emerging-therapeutic-target
#10
REVIEW
Shakeel Hussain, Yilei Guo, Yu Huo, Juanjuan Shi, Yongzhong Hou
Casein kinase II (CK2) is an enzyme with pleiotropic kinase activity that catalyzes the phosphorylation of lots of substrates, including STAT3, p53, JAK2, PTEN, RELA, and AKT, leading to the regulation of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. CK2 is observed to have high expression in multiple types of cancer, which is associated with poor prognosis. CK2 holds significant importance in the intricate network of pathways involved in promoting cell proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and tumor growth by multiple pathways such as JAK2/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, ATF4/p21, and HSP90/Cdc37...
March 25, 2024: Medical Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525798/comparative-genomic-analyses-reveal-evidence-for-adaptive-a-to-i-rna-editing-in-insect-adar-gene
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caiqing Zheng, Ling Ma, Fan Song, Li Tian, Wanzhi Cai, Hu Li, Yuange Duan
Although A-to-I RNA editing leads to similar effects to A-to-G DNA mutation, nonsynonymous RNA editing (recoding) is believed to confer its adaptiveness by 'epigenetically' regulating proteomic diversity in a temporospatial manner, avoiding the pleiotropic effect of genomic mutations. Recent discoveries on the evolutionary trajectory of Ser>Gly auto-editing site in insect Adar gene demonstrated a selective advantage to having an editable codon compared to uneditable ones. However, apart from pure observations, quantitative approaches for justifying the adaptiveness of individual RNA editing sites are still lacking...
December 2024: Epigenetics: Official Journal of the DNA Methylation Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525712/diagnostic-and-therapeutic-challenges-of-oligosymptomatic-vesicovaginal-fistula-in-the-complex-case-of-endometriosis
#12
Agnieszka A Strojny, Arkadiusz Baran, Katarzyna Wiejak, Anna Scholz, Radosław B Maksym
Endometriosis is a complex condition causing surgical challenges, sometimes leading to urogynecological complications, the diagnosis and treatment of which are not always obvious. We present a case of a 46-year-old woman with a history of severe endometriosis and adenomyosis who developed an oligosymptomatic vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) as a complication of surgery. The patient's medical history included multiple surgeries for endometriosis, a cesarean section, and a laparoscopic hysterectomy. After the excision of the full-thickness infiltration of the urinary bladder, she experienced postoperative bowel obstruction treated by laparotomy...
March 12, 2024: Clinics and Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525472/antagonistic-functions-of-ctl1-and-suh1-mediate-cell-wall-assembly-in-arabidopsis
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nguyen Thi Thuy, Hyun-Jung Kim, Suk-Whan Hong
Plant genomes contain numerous genes encoding chitinase-like (CTL) proteins, which have a similar protein structure to chitinase belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family but lack the chitinolytic activity to cleave the β -1,4-glycosidic bond in chitins, polymers of N -acetylglucosamine. CTL1 mutations found in rice and Arabidopsis have caused pleiotropic developmental defects, including altered cell wall composition and decreased abiotic stress tolerance, likely due to reduced cellulose content...
March 2024: Plant Direct
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523778/shared-genetic-architecture-and-causal-relationship-between-liver-and-heart-disease
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ziyi Fang, Sixiang Jia, Xuanting Mou, Zhe Li, Tianli Hu, Yiting Tu, Jianqiang Zhao, Tianlong Zhang, Wenting Lin, Yile Lu, Chao Feng, Shudong Xia
This study investigates the relationship and genetic mechanisms of liver and heart diseases, focusing on the liver-heart axis (LHA) as a fundamental biological basis. Through genome-wide association study analysis, we explore shared genes and pathways related to LHA. Shared genetic factors are found in 8 out of 20 pairs, indicating genetic correlations. The analysis reveals 53 loci with pleiotropic effects, including 8 loci exhibiting shared causality across multiple traits. Based on SNP-p level tissue-specific multi-marker analysis of genomic annotation (MAGMA) analysis demonstrates significant enrichment of pleiotropy in liver and heart diseases within different cardiovascular tissues and female reproductive appendages...
April 19, 2024: IScience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523644/the-anti-cholestatic-effects-of-coptis-chinensis-franch-alone-and-combined-with-tetradium-ruticarpum-a-jussieu-t-g-hartley-dual-effects-on-fecal-metabolism-and-microbial-diversity
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jun Han, Peijie Wu, Zongying Xu, Chao Liu, Qian Chen, Fenghua Zhang, Huan Tao, Dan Luo, Li Zhou, Bo Wang, Zhe Gao, Tao Shen, Yueqiang Wen, Han Yu
Introduction: Drug dosages and combinations are the main factors that affect the efficacy of pleiotropic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Coptis chinensis Franch. (CF) is a representative TCM with multiple effects and is often combined with Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley (TR) to treat cholestasis. The present study assessed the influence of CF dose and its combination with TR on the efficacy of CF in cholestasis treatment, including their effects on fecal metabolism and fecal microorganisms...
2024: Frontiers in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523559/diverse-inositol-phosphorylceramide-synthase-mutant-alleles-of-physcomitrium-patens-offer-new-insight-into-complex-sphingolipid-metabolism
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tegan M Haslam, Cornelia Herrfurth, Ivo Feussner
Sphingolipids are widespread, abundant, and essential lipids in plants and in other eukaryotes. Glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs) are the most abundant class of plant sphingolipids, and are enriched in the plasma membrane of plant cells. They have been difficult to study due to lethal or pleiotropic mutant phenotypes. To overcome this, we developed a CRISPR/Cas9-based method for generating multiple and varied knockdown and knockout populations of mutants in a given gene of interest in the model moss Physcomitrium patens...
March 25, 2024: New Phytologist
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522711/transcriptomic-profile-in-carbendazim-induced-developmental-defects-in-zebrafish-danio-rerio-embryos-larvae
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gopi Krishna Pitchika, B Krishna Naik, G V V Ramana, R Nirupama, T Sri Ranjani, K Venkaiah, M Hanuma Reddy, S B Sainath, Jangampalli Adi Pradeepkiran
Carbendazim is a widely used fungicide to protect agricultural and horticultural crops against a wide array of fungal species. Published reports have shown that the wide usage of carbendazim resulted in reprotoxicity, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity in mammalian models. However, studies related to the developmental toxicity of carbendazim in aquatic organisms are not clear. To address this gap, an attempt was made by exposing zebrafish embryos to carbendazim (800 μg/L) and assessing the phenotypic and transcriptomic profile at different developmental stages [24 hour post fertilization (hpf), 48 hpf, 72 hpf and 96 hpf)...
March 22, 2024: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology: CBP
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519450/tgf%C3%AE-signalling-a-nexus-between-inflammation-placental-health-and-preeclampsia-throughout-pregnancy
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Monika Horvat Mercnik, Carolin Schliefsteiner, Gonzalo Sanchez-Duffhues, Christian Wadsack
BACKGROUND: The placenta is a unique and pivotal organ in reproduction, controlling crucial growth and cell differentiation processes that ensure a successful pregnancy. Placental development is a tightly regulated and dynamic process, in which the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily plays a central role. This family of pleiotropic growth factors is heavily involved in regulating various aspects of reproductive biology, particularly in trophoblast differentiation during the first trimester of pregnancy...
March 22, 2024: Human Reproduction Update
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518733/mysterious-interactions-between-macrophage-derived-exosomes-and-tumors-what-do-we-know
#19
REVIEW
Raed Obaid Saleh, Ahmed Hjazi, Pooja Bansal, Irfan Ahmad, Harpreet Kaur, Saad Hayif Jasim Ali, Mahamedha Deorari, Munther Kadhim Abosaoda, Hamza Fadhel Hamzah, Bahira Abdulrazzaq Mohammed
Through their ability to modify the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells, macrophages play a crucial role in the promotion of tumorigenesis, development of tumors and metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. A growing body of research has indicated that exosomes may be essential for coordinating the communication between cancer cells and macrophages. One type of extracellular vehicle called an exosome is utilized for delivering a variety of molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, to specific cells in order to produce pleiotropic effects...
March 11, 2024: Pathology, Research and Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516524/growing-concerns-about-using-hypoxia-inducible-factor-prolyl-hydroxylase-inhibitors-for-the-treatment-of-renal-anemia
#20
REVIEW
Takeshi Nakanishi, Takahiro Kuragano
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) have emerged as a novel therapeutic class for treating anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Small molecule analogs of α-ketoglutarate (AKG), an essential substrate for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs), including prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs), inhibit PHDs pharmacologically and thereby prevent HIF degradation. HIF stabilization alleviates anemia through several stimulatory effects on erythropoiesis, but it also affects the expression of many anemia-unrelated genes whose protein products exert important functions in vivo ...
March 2024: Clinical Kidney Journal
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