Osteomylitis

Hematogenous pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) is a rare and often fatal complication of osteomyelitis that can affect individuals with underlying medical conditions, hospital-acquired infections, and intravenous (IV) drug abuse. Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis can present with generalized back pain, pyrexia, motor weakness, and neurologic deficits. The enigmatic presentation of this condition often results in delays in diagnosis and an increase in mortality. This case report aims to bring awareness to complications of hematogenous pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis as well as highlight the need for further studies in order to establish standardized treatment...

Osteomyelitis is an infection-related inflammatory disease of the bones. Imaging and laboratory results are typically used to support a clinical diagnosis of osteomyelitis. Microbial cultures and bone biopsies provide conclusive diagnoses. The first imaging procedure that needs to be done is radiography, but its sensitivity is low in the early stages of the disease. The sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging, both with and without contrast material, is higher for detecting areas of bone necrosis in advanced stages...

Atraumatic limb pain in a child raises concerns in a medical setting. That is how a typical case of Brodie's abscess presents, having pain without any other symptoms of systemic illness. Assessment and investigations might also not reveal anything significant unless adequate imaging is done. Although Brodie's abscess has a very low rate of complications and morbidity/disability, it is important that such a presentation is assessed clinically with a diagnosis of Brodie's abscess in mind to ensure an uneventful and good outcome...

The anaerobic, Gram-negative bacillus Alloprevotella rava has recently been described in the human oral cavity. To our knowledge, this species has not been isolated from chronic osteomyleitis samples. We present the first case of A. rava infection in a 92-year-old woman with polymicrobial chronic mandibular osteomyelitis, mimicking oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Treatment of lower limb post-traumatic osteomyelitis used to be a staged process, with radical debridement of bone and soft tissues at first stage, followed by a second-stage limb reconstruction operation to restore the limb integrity. Some studies recently reported that achieving infection eradication and limb reconstruction at single-stage seems to be an effective method for lower limb infection, but a comparative study remains lacking. This study aims to compare the results of radical debridement combined with a first/second-staged osteotomy and bone transport, for the management of lower limb post-traumatic osteomyelitis...

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy refers to inhalation of pure oxygen in a closed chamber. Hyperbaric oxygen has a therapeutic effect in numerous pathological conditions, such as decompression sickness, arterial gas embolism, carbon monoxide poisoning and smoke inhalation, osteomylitis, osteoradionecrosis and wound healing. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is used for treating underlying hypoxia. This review indicates the action of hyperbaric oxygen on biochemical and various physiological changes in cellular level. Narrative review covers the current indications and contraindications of hyperbaric oxygen therapy...

INTRODUCTION: Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects millions worldwide. It has a spectrum of clinical manifestations. However, SCD is more prone to have invasive infection compared with normal individual, and one of the main pathogen of concern is salmonella, where the individual with SCD is more susceptible to salmonella infection. Furthermore, several distinct clinical syndromes can develop in children infected with salmonella, depending on both host factors and the specific serotype involved...

There is evidence, although limited, for beneficial effects of bisphophonates (BPs) across multiple dental specialties. Within implant dentistry BP coatings have been shown to significantly increase pull out forces and bone density in animal models, and significantly increase implant stability whilst reducing marginal bone loss in humans. Adjunctive topical and systemic application of BPs during conventional periodontal treatment have shown significant improvements in probing depth and clinical attachment level in various forms of periodontal disease...

We report a case of intra-osseous meningioma of the skull in a 45 year old lady secondary to trauma, preoperatively suspecting it to be chronic osteomylitis. According to literature search only one case intra-osseous meningioma has been reported. Intra-osseous meningioma secondary to trauma has not been reported before.

Metastatic tumours to oral cavity from distant sites are rarely seen. Bones are frequently involved as compared to soft tissues. Clinical presentation may vary according to site and size of metastatic tumour. We present a case of carcinoma of breast in a 50-year-old woman, metastasising to mandibular ramus, condyle and surrounding soft tissue structure presenting as osteomylitis of condyle.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot is one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus. Many risk factors are involved in its causation. This study was conducted to determine risk factors responsible for foot ulcer in diabetic patients. METHODS: A total of 196 consecutive patients with diabetic foot were included in the study. Detailed history, clinical findings and investigations were recorded. Lesions were graded according to Wagner's classification, and appropriate medical and/or surgical treatment was carried out...

INTRODUCTION: Sickle cell disease (SCD) has a wide range of clinical presentation. We evaluated hematological parameters, which are widely evaluable and assessable, as indices of clinical outcome in SCD. These parameters, although largely established as indices of clinical outcome in other SCD populations, have not been widely evaluated in African patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and thirty six consecutive stable SCD patients who presented in the sickle cell clinic of a teaching hospital were studied retrospectively using a questionnaire...

We report a case of community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) preseptal cellulitis complicated by zygomatic osteomyelitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, and necroziting pneumonia in a previously healthy two and half month old girl. This case exemplifies an aggressive and disseminated CA-MRSA infection with deep venous thrombosis in an infant without predisposing risk factors. The literature is reviewed and recommendations for management are provided.

Buruli Ulcer, a common tropical disease, is endemic in West Africa in particular in Cote d'Ivoire, where it represents the second mycobacterial disease after Tuberculosis. The late diagnosis and treatment as well as, the lack of surveillance, lead to large skin ulcerations, local or multifocal osteomylitis and some time it may lead to neoplasia which contribute to worse the prognosis of the patient. We presented a case report in a girl of 16 years old, who died from an aggressive squamous cell carcinoma of the upper limb secondary to Buruli Ulcer...

Tubercular osteomylitis of scapula is extremely rare. The isolated involvement of this flat bone without any primary focus confuses the surgeon with other pathology and as a result there is always delay in diagnosis. This article discusses about an isolated multicystic tubercular lesion of scapula which remained untreated for about two years as the primary physician biased with the history of trauma and suspected it to be a post-traumatic hematoma. MRI picture was deceptive. Finally, diagnosis was established by fine needle aspiration which showed typical epitheloid granuloma on histology...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the associated diseases with positive anti-double stranded (ds) DNA other than systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to determine an association if any, between its level in non-SLE causes. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of all patients with positive anti-dsDNA assay (more than 200 IU/ml) tested for any underlying etiology from January to December 2007 at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: Two hundred and twelve patients with anti-dsDNA antibody testing were evaluated...

Magnetic field therapy is an established technique in the treatment of pseudarthrosis. In cases of osteomylitis, palliation is also observed. This study focuses on the impact of different electric and electromagnetic fields on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus by in vitro technologies. Cultures of Staphylococcus aureus in fluid and gel-like medium were exposed to a low-frequency electromagnetic field, an electromagnetic field combined with an additional electric field, a sinusoidal electric field and a static electric field...

We present a case of a retained toothpick causing pseudotumor of the first metatarsal in a young female who was referred as a case of painless swelling in the dorsolateral aspect of the right foot to exclude a malignant tumor. Plain radiograph did show an osteolytic lesion in the head and neck of the first metatarsal. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a toothpick inside the first metatarsal head. Surgical exploration revealed a 4 cm toothpick embedded inside the bone surrounded by granulation tissue. We could find seven cases of retained foreign bodies causing osteolytic lesions in the metatarsals of the foot with one case of osteomylitis in an adult due to a retained small piece of toothpick...

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Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are often responsible for cases of chronic ostitis and osteomyelitis, especially in patients with orthopedic prosthesis/implants. The aim of this study was to characterize CoNS isolated from ambulatory patients with chronic ostitis/osteomyelitis and to compare them by PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis). Out of 263 bacterial strains isolated from wounds/sinuses of patients with chronic ostitis/osteomylitis, 41 were identified as CoNS. Twenty methicillin-resistant strains were selected for this study...