paraphenylene diamine

BACKGROUND: Facial contact dermatitis is an emerging skin disorder due to the use of a large array of materials over the face. It leads to psychological distress in patients, impacting their quality of life. Most of the allergens applied over the face vary as per cosmetic or herbal products' availability, usage, or religious practices. Identifying and discontinuing the implicated allergens will lead to a better prognosis and reduced morbidity in clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of different allergens responsible for causing facial contact dermatitis, in an urban part of central India, using patch test with the help of Indian standard and cosmetic series...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and biomarkers of lipid and protein peroxidation in the blood serum of dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The study was conducted on 36 intact male dogs of various breeds. The dogs were assigned to two groups: BPH group (n = 18) and non-affected group (n = 18). Blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein. The antioxidant status of the serum was assessed using TAC...

BACKGROUND: Systemic poisoning with paraphenylenediamine (PPD) also known as Kalapathar, is an emerging suicidal trend in developing south Asian and African countries. The clinical distinction of hair dye toxicity comprises severe angioedema of the face and neck, tongue swelling resulting in upper airway obstruction, acute liver injury, myocarditis, and rhabdomyolysis complicating to acute kidney injury. AIM: To raise awareness, document the characteristic clinical spectra, and prevent and predict the outcome of poisoning (suicidal or accidental) with PPD (hair-dye) based on clinical complications, early baseline laboratory results and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels monitoring...

Objectives: To document demographic profile, clinical features and management of patients presented with PPD/Kala Pathar poisoning at District Teaching Hospital Sahiwal, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data for cases of PPD poisoning presented at study place from 1st July 2019 to 30th June 2020. Relevant information was recorded on a proforma. Results: A total of 111 cases were included in study. Mean age was 23.01 ± 7...

BACKGROUND: The reliability of patch testing with expired Indian standard patch test kits has been not evaluated before. METHODS: Thirty adults (men:women 25:5) with allergic contact dermatitis were divided into three groups of ten patients each for patch testing by Finn chamber® method using Indian standard patch test kits having expiry in 2016, 2015 and 2014. The results were compared with those from a new kit with 2018 expiry. RESULTS: Ten patients in group-1, eight patients in group-2 and seven patients in group-3 developed positive reactions of identical intensities and mostly from identical allergens from all four kits...

INTRODUCTION: Health care workers form an important occupational group with a high risk of hand eczema. All health care professionals are exposed to a variety of allergens and irritants which can cause hand dermatitis, resulting in significant morbidity. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical profile of hand eczema in hospital employees, to perform patch test in relevant cases and to find out the most common sensitizers in them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study in which the staff was screened for features of hand eczema and patch testing was done in the suspected cases of allergic contact dermatitis...

BACKGROUND: Paraphenylene diamine (PPD) is a highly toxic compound used for hair-dyeing worldwide. PPD self-poisoning had significantly increased in recent times with raised mortality rates. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the toxic effects of PPD and protective potential of its prospective antidote Virgin Coconut Oil (Cocos Nucifera). METHOD: PPD was identified and validated by FT-IR and UV mass spectrometer. PPD toxicity was induced in-vivo by single intra-peritoneal injection (40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg)...

BACKGROUND: Paraphenylene-diamine (PPD) poisoning is an emerging problem of developing African and South Asian countries. This study was done with the objective to determine the clinical lab diagnostic accuracy of serum creatinine phosphokinase in cases initially reporting facial oedema followed by renal failure and rhabdomyolysis due to paraphenylene-diamine (PPD) poisoning. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study in which data was retrospectively collected at District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospitals...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical presentation, complications, and outcome of paraphenylene diamine (PPD) poisoning in patients presenting to Nishtar Hospital, Multan. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Medical Unit II and III, Nishtar Hospital, Multan, from April 2015 to September 2016. METHODOLOGY: All adult patients admitted with history of paraphenylene diamine ingestion were evaluated for clinical features, complications, and outcomes on a pre-designed proforma...

INTRODUCTION: Glaucoma is characterised by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and axons. Experimental research has concentrated on understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in glaucomatous damage. It is still a matter of debate whether neurons or capillaries are primarily damaged by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The aim of this study was to detect IOP-induced vascular changes in the vessels of the optic nerve head and the main vessels of the retina in vivo...

OBJECTIVE: To assess cases of the spectrum of Kala Patharpoisoning in all age groups. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Bahawalpur and Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), Bahawalpur, from January 2016 to April 2017. METHODOLOGY: All the cases of Kala Pathar(Paraphenylene diamine (PPD)) poisoning, admitted and treated at the study places during said period were included in the study...

BACKGROUND: Cosmetic products are subject to the European Cosmetics Regulation: They shall not harm human health when used under "normal or reasonably foreseeable conditions". Hazardous cosmetic products are reported by the EU Member States to the EU Commission and are listed in the database of the European Rapid Alert System RAPEX. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The reports from Germany on dangerous cosmetic products from the years 2005-3/2017 in the European RAPEX database were systematically analyzed...

INTRODUCTION: Paraphenylene diamine (PPD) ingestion is manifesting as one of the more common ways of committing suicide in Southern Punjab, Pakistan, especially Bahawalpur. PPD is an ingredient of a compound commonly known "Kala Pathar" which means "Black Stone" in Urdu. It is readily available in the market at low cost and is used to dye hair and fur. Its intoxication inhibits cellular oxidation and affects the muscles causing rhabdomyolysis. This leads to myoglobinuria followed by renal failure and edema of face and throat resulting in respiratory difficulty...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

A 45-year old woman presented with a 2-day history of intensely itchy, erythematous wheals over her scalp and around her eyes, ears, and front of the chest. She had applied hair color and immediately developed hives on the scalp, face, and chest with rhinitis and redness in the eyes. The lesions recovered within a half hour of taking a cetirizine 10-mg tablet. She gave a similar history around three times in the past 6 months. She used a different brand of hair color every time but all were associated with the same symptoms...

[This retracts the article on p. 199 in vol. 3, PMID: 23225987.].

Paraphenylene daimine (PPD) is an aromatic amine that is widely used in several industrial products; however, its toxicity has been reported in several cases of cardiac arrests. As platelets play a key role in cardiovascular diseases, we aimed to determine the impact of PPD in vitro and in vivo on platelet function. Our findings demonstrated that platelet activation and aggregation were strongly enhanced by PPD. Treatment with PPD primed human platelets that became more reactive in response to low doses of collagen...

We present a young lady who consumed hair dye, which contained paraphenylene diamine (PPD), as a means of deliberate self-harm. This resulted in severe angio-neurotic edema for which she had to be ventilated, and thereafter developed rhabdomyolysis leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). The unusual aspect was that the patient continued to have flaccid quadriparesis and inability to regain kidney function. Renal biopsy performed 10 weeks after the dye consumption revealed severe acute tubular necrosis with myoglobin pigment casts...

AIM: We report here, a case series of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) after ingestion of paraphenylene diamine (PPD) a derivative of analine. It is used as a colouring agent to dye hair, fur and plastic and in photographic films. METHODS: Subjects for the study reported here comprised a cohort of 100 patients coming to this institution with AKI following PPD poisoning. AKI was defined according to RIFLE criteria and PPD poisoning on the basis of history and presenting features...

Upon antigen/allergen recognition, epidermal Langerhans' cells (LC) are mobilized and migrate to the local lymph node where they play a major role in initiating or regulating immune responses. It had been proposed that all chemical allergens induce LC migration via common cytokine signals delivered by TNF-α and IL-1β. Here the dependence of LC migration on TNF-α following treatment of mice with various chemical allergens has been investigated. It was found that under standard conditions the allergens oxazolone, paraphenylene diamine, and trimellitic anhydride, in addition to the skin irritant sodium lauryl sulfate, were unable to trigger LC mobilization in the absence of TNF-α signalling...