Relational priming

The congruency effect in Stroop-like tasks-a popular measure of distraction-is smaller after incongruent relative to congruent trials. However, it is unclear whether this congruency sequence effect (CSE)-a popular index of coping with distraction-reflects adjustments of control after congruent trials, incongruent trials, or both. The episodic retrieval account of the CSE posits adjustments of control after both congruent and incongruent trials. In this account, retrieving a memory of the previous trial's congruency (i...

The overuse of chemical-based agricultural inputs has led to the degradation of soil with associated adverse effects on soil attributes and microbial population. This scenario leads to poor soil health and is reportedly on the rise globally. Additionally, chemical fertilizers pose serious risks to the ecosystem and human health. In this study, foliar sprays of biostimulant (AgroGain/LBS6) prepared from the cultivated, tropical red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii increased the phenotypic growth of Zea mays in terms of greater leaf area, total plant height, and shoot fresh and dry weights...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder has risen dramatically over the past decade, and there are currently no FDA-approved medications due, in part, to gaps in our understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms related to METH action in the brain. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Here, we investigated whether transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) mediates each of several METH abuse-related behaviours in rodents: self-administration, drug-primed reinstatement, acquisition of conditioned place preference, and hyperlocomotion...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate if SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination has an impact on HIV-related viro-immunological parameters. METHODS: PWH of the VAXICONA-ORCHESTRA cohort who received ≥1 dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and for whom paired measures of immuno-virological markers [Viral Load (VL), CD4, CD8 count 1 month before and after a vaccine dose (VD)] were available, were included. Paired t-test and generalized estimating equation linear regression analyses were used to study changes over ± 1 month around the VD...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study is to explore the transcriptional and microbial characteristics of head and neck cancer's immune phenotypes using a multi-omics approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Employing TCGA data, we analyzed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) immune cells with CIBERSORT and identified differentially expressed genes using DESeq2. Microbial profiles, obtained from the TCMA database, were analyzed using LEfSe algorithm to identify differential microbes in immune cell infiltration (ICI) subgroups...

Automatic parsing of syntactic information by the human brain is a well-established phenomenon, but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. Its best-known neurophysiological reflection is early left-anterior negativity (ELAN) ERP component with two alternative hypotheses for its origin: (1) error detection, or (2) morphosyntactic prediction/priming. To test these alternatives, we conducted two experiments using a non-attend passive design with visual distraction and recorded ERPs to spoken pronoun-verb phrases and the same critical verbs presented in isolation without pronouns...

The developing peripheral nervous and immune systems are functionally distinct from those of adults. These systems are vulnerable to early-life injury, which influences outcomes related to nociception following subsequent injury later in life (i.e., "neonatal nociceptive priming"). The underpinnings of this phenomenon are unclear, although previous work indicates that macrophages are trained by inflammation and injury. Our findings show that macrophages are both necessary and partially sufficient to drive neonatal nociceptive priming, possibly due to a long-lasting remodeling in chromatin structure...

The exogenous use of the redox compound (H2 O2 ) plays a significant role in abiotic stress tolerance. The present study investigated various H2 O2 application methods (seed priming, foliar spray, and surface irrigation) with varying concentration levels (0 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM, 15 mM, 40 mM, 80 mM, and 160 mM) to evaluate the efficiency of supplying exogenous H2 O2 to quinoa under water-deficit conditions. Drought stress reduced quinoa growth and yield by perturbing morphological traits, leading to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and increased electrolyte leakage...

Understanding the function of rare non-coding variants represents a significant challenge. Using MapUTR, a screening method, we studied the function of rare 3' UTR variants affecting mRNA abundance post-transcriptionally. Among 17,301 rare gnomAD variants, an average of 24.5% were functional, with 70% in cancer-related genes, many in critical cancer pathways. This observation motivated an interrogation of 11,929 somatic mutations, uncovering 3928 (33%) functional mutations in 155 cancer driver genes. Functional MapUTR variants were enriched in microRNA- or protein-binding sites and may underlie outlier gene expression in tumors...

Trained immunity is mechanistically defined as the metabolically and epigenetically mediated long-term functional adaptation of the innate immune system, characterized by a heightened response to a secondary stimulation. Given appropriate activation, trained immunity represents an attractive anti-infective therapeutic target. Nevertheless, excessive immune response and subsequent inflammatory cascades may contribute to pathological tissue damage, indicating that the negative impacts of trained immunity appear to be significant...

Although biochar application to soils has been found to increase soil quality and crop yield, the biochar dispersion extent and its impacts on native soil organic carbon (SOC) has received relatively little attention. Here, the vertical and lateral migration of fine, intermediate and coarse-sized biochar (<0.5, 0.5-1 and 1-5 mm, respectively), applied at low and high doses (1.5-2 and 3-4% w/w, respectively), was tracked using stable isotope methods, along with its impact on native SOC stocks. Biochar was homogeneously mixed into the surface layer (0-7 cm depth) of a loamy sandy Acrisol in Zambia...

Cell-specific transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) play vital roles in plant development and response to environmental stresses. However, traditional single-cell mono-omics techniques are unable to directly capture the relationships and dynamics between different layers of molecular information within the same cells. While advanced algorithm facilitates merging scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq datasets, accurate data integration remains a challenge, particularly when investigating cell-type-specific TRNs. By examining gene expression and chromatin accessibility simultaneously in 16,670 Arabidopsis root tip nuclei, the TRNs are reconstructed that govern root tip development under osmotic stress...

INTRODUCTION: Neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke represent a substantial health burden to the world's ageing population. Cerebrovascular dysfunction is a key contributor to these conditions, affecting an individual's risk profile, age of onset, and severity of neurological disease. Recent data shows that early-life events, such as maternal health during pregnancy, birth weight and exposure to environmental toxins can 'prime' the vascular system for later changes...

Although research into multimodal stance-taking has gained momentum over the past years, the multimodal construction of so-called stacked stances has not yet received systematic attention in the literature. Mocking enactments are a prime example of such complex social actions as they are layered both interactionally and stance-related, and they rely significantly on the use of bodily visual resources, depicting rather than describing events and stances. Using Du Bois' Stance Triangle as a framework, this study investigates mocking enactments as a case study to unravel the multimodal aspects of layered stance expressions...

Priming plants with chemical agents has been extensively investigated as a means for improving their tolerance to many biotic and abiotic stresses. Earlier, we showed that priming young avocado (Persea americana Mill cv. 'Hass') trees with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a donor of hydrogen sulfide, improves the response of photosynthesis to simulated frost (cold followed by high light) conditions. In the current study, we performed a transcriptome analysis to gain insight into the molecular response of avocado 'Hass' leaves to frost, with or without NaHS priming...

Heat-priming improves plants' tolerance to a recurring heat stress event. The underlying molecular mechanisms of heat-priming are largely unknown in seagrasses. Here, ad hoc mesocosm experiments were conducted with two Mediterranean seagrass species, Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa. Plants were first exposed to heat-priming, followed by a heat-triggering event. A comprehensive assessment of plant stress response across different levels of biological organization was performed at the end of the triggering event...

BACKGROUND: Given the impact of high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages on type 2 diabetes, intervention to reduce their consumption can be a top priority for any health system. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to simulate the impact of policy options related to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) on the prevalence and mortality of type 2 diabetes in Iranian men and women. METHODS: A discrete event simulation (DES) model was used to predict the effect of several policy options on the prevalence and death from type 2 diabetes in Azar Cohort Databases...

UNLABELLED: The impending climate change is threatening the rice productivity of the Asian subcontinent as instances of crop failures due to adverse abiotic and biotic stress factors are becoming common occurrences. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing offers a potential solution for improving rice yield as well as its stress adaptation. This technology allows modification of plant's genetic elements and is not dependent on foreign DNA/gene insertion for incorporating a particular trait...

Prediction-based accounts of language acquisition have the potential to explain several different effects in child language acquisition and adult language processing. However, evidence regarding the developmental predictions of such accounts is mixed. Here, we consider several predictions of these accounts in two large-scale developmental studies of syntactic priming of the English dative alternation. Study 1 was a cross-sectional study (N = 140) of children aged 3-9 years, in which we found strong evidence of abstract priming and the lexical boost, but little evidence that either effect was moderated by age...

Drug addiction represents a multifaceted and recurrent brain disorder that possesses the capability to create persistent and ineradicable pathological memory. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown a therapeutic potential for neuropsychological disorders, while the precise stimulation targets and therapeutic parameters for addiction remain deficient. Among the crucial brain regions implicated in drug addiction, the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) has been found to exert an essential role in the manifestation of addiction memory...