Asd ocd cerebellum

BACKGROUND: Impairing repetitive behaviours are one of the core diagnostic symptoms in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but also manifest in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although the dorsal striatal circuit has been implicated in repetitive behaviours, extensive heterogeneity and cross-diagnostic manifestations in these behaviours have suggested phenotypic and likely neurobiological heterogeneity across neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs)...

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are thought to arise in part from the disruption in the excitatory/inhibitory balance of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in the brain. Recent evidence has shown the involvement of the cerebellum in cognition and affect regulation, and cerebellar atypical function or damage is reported frequently in NDDs. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have reported decreases in GABA in cortical brain areas in the NDDs, however, GABA levels in the cerebellum have not been examined...

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are often comorbid and share similarities across some cognitive phenotypes, including certain aspects of attention. However, no functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have compared the underlying neural mechanisms contributing to these shared phenotypes. METHODS: Age- and IQ-matched boys (11-17 years old) with ASD ( n = 20), boys with OCD ( n = 20), and healthy control boys ( n = 20) performed a parametrically modulated psychomotor vigilance functional magnetic resonance imaging task...

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) share abnormalities in hot executive functions such as reward-based decision-making, as measured in the temporal discounting task (TD). No studies, however, have directly compared these disorders to investigate common/distinct neural profiles underlying such abnormalities. We wanted to test whether reward-based decision-making is a shared transdiagnostic feature of both disorders with similar neurofunctional substrates or whether it is a shared phenotype with disorder-differential neurofunctional underpinnings...