keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502271/progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy-associated-with-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-longitudinal-observation-of-lymphocytes-jc-virus-in-cerebrospinal-fluid-and-brain-magnetic-resonance-imaging
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hidetada Yamada, Megumi Toko, Masahiro Nakamori, Hiroki Ueno, Shiro Aoki, Tomohiro Sugimoto, Hiroko Yasutomi, Kazuo Nakamichi, Hirofumi Maruyama
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) rarely occurs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This report presents the case of a patient who developed PML due to SLE-associated multiple factors. A 60-year-old woman diagnosed with SLE undergoing multiple immunosuppressive therapies, including azathioprine, presented with cerebral cortical symptoms, lymphocytopenia, and vitamin B12 deficiency and was subsequently diagnosed with SLE-associated PML. We evaluated the cause and disease activity of PML, focusing on the longitudinal assessment of lymphocytopenia, JC virus (JCV) DNA copy number in the cerebrospinal fluid, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings...
March 19, 2024: Journal of Neurovirology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472551/ocrelizumab-use-in-multiple-sclerosis-a-real-world-experience-in-a-changing-therapeutic-scenario
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lorena Lorefice, Paolo Mellino, Jessica Frau, Giancarlo Coghe, Giuseppe Fenu, Eleonora Cocco
INTRODUCTION: CD20-depleting therapies are a real milestone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study examined the ocrelizumab (OCR) use in patients with primary progressive (PP) and relapsing remitting (RR) MS, also evaluating the predictors of treatment response. METHODS: Patients with MS treated with OCR between 2017 and 2022 were included, and OCR use trends examined. The patients' characteristics were assessed at baseline and after 24 months of OCR to assess the NEDA-3 status...
March 12, 2024: Neurological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38470444/posoleucel-in-kidney-transplant-recipients-with-bk-viremia-multicenter-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-phase-2-trial
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anil Chandraker, Anil Regmi, Reginald Gohh, Akhil Sharma, E Steve Woodle, Mohammed J Ansari, Vinay Nair, Ling-Xin Chen, Tarek Alhamad, Silas Norman, Diane Cibrik, Manpreet Singh, Arnold Alper, Divya Jain, Ziad Zaky, Stuart Knechtle, Asif Sharfuddin, Gaurav Gupta, Bonnie E Lonze, Jo-Anne H Young, Deborah Adey, Arman Faravardeh, Darshana M Dadhania, Ana P Rossi, Diana Florescu, Francesca Cardarelli, Julie Ma, Sarah Gilmore, Spyridoula Vasileiou, Peter Jindra, David Wojciechowski
BACKGROUND: Kidney transplant recipients with BK virus infection are at risk of developing BK virus-associated nephropathy, allograft rejection, and subsequent graft loss. There are no approved treatments for BK virus infection. Posoleucel is an off-the-shelf, allogeneic, multivirus-specific T cell investigational therapy targeting BK virus, as well as five other opportunistic viruses: adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, and JC virus. METHODS: In this phase 2, double-blind study, kidney transplant recipients with BK viremia were randomized 1:1:1 to receive posoleucel weekly for 3 weeks then every 14 days (bi-weekly dosing) or every 28 days (monthly dosing), or placebo for 12 weeks...
March 12, 2024: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38448196/-the-504th-case-multiple-lymph-node-enlargement-renal-insufficiency-blindness-and-white-matter-lesions-of-the-brain
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C Wei, Z Zhuang, Y L Li, X X Shi, Y B Wen, W Cao, S Y Fan, X Zhang, Y Zhang, W Zhang, D B Zhou
A 65-year-old male patient was admitted for recurrent lymph node enlargement for 5 years and elevated creatinine for 6 months. This patient was diagnosed with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma 5 years ago and underwent multiple lines of anti-tumor therapy, including cytotoxic chemotherapy; epigenetic modifying drugs such as chidamide and azacitidine; the immunomodulator lenalidomide; and targeted therapy such as rituximab, a CD20-targeting antibody, and brentuximab vedotin, which targets CD30. Although the tumor was considered stable, multiple virus activation (including BK virus, JC virus, and cytomegalovirus) accompanied by the corresponding organ damage (polyomavirus nephropathy, cytomegalovirus retinitis, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) occurred during anti-tumor treatment...
March 1, 2024: Zhonghua Nei Ke za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine]
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38430408/hmga1-regulates-the-mitochondrial-apoptosis-pathway-in-sepsis-induced-cardiomyopathy
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Xu, Xinwei Li, Qianqian Lu, Xiaohua Li, Hongying Shan
High mobility group protein AT-hook 1 (HMGA1), an architectural transcription factor, has previously been reportedto play an essential role in architectural remodeling processes. However, its effects on cardiovascular diseases, particularly sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, have remained unclear. The study aimed to investigate the role of HMGA1 in lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiomyopathy. Mice subjected to lipopolysaccharide for 12 h resulted in cardiac dysfunction. We used an adeno-associated virus 9 delivery system to achieve cardiac-specific expression of the HMGA1 gene in the mice...
March 2, 2024: Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38354987/structural-vaccinology-molecular-simulation-and-immune-simulation-approaches-to-design-multi-epitopes-vaccine-against-john-cunningham-virus
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muhammad Suleman, Tariq Aziz Khan, Hadiqa Ejaz, Sabahat Maroof, Abdulrahman Alshammari, Norah A Albekairi, Haji Khan, Yasir Waheed, Abbas Khan, Dong-Qing Wei, Sergio Crovella
The JCV (John Cunningham Virus) is known to cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a condition that results in the formation of tumors. Symptoms of this condition such as sensory defects, cognitive dysfunction, muscle weakness, homonosapobia, difficulties with coordination, and aphasia. To date, there is no specific and effective treatment to completely cure or prevent John Cunningham polyomavirus infections. Since the best way to control the disease is vaccination. In this study, the immunoinformatic tools were used to predict the high immunogenic and non-allergenic B cells, helper T cells (HTL), and cytotoxic T cells (CTL) epitopes from capsid, major capsid, and T antigen proteins of JC virus to design the highly efficient subunit vaccines...
February 12, 2024: Microbial Pathogenesis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38309472/in-vitro-broad-spectrum-antiviral-activity-of-mit-001-a-mitochondria-targeted-reactive-oxygen-species-scavenger-against-severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2-and-multiple-zoonotic-viruses
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Taehun Lim, Shivani Rajoriya, Bohyeon Kim, Augustine Natasha, Hyeonjoo Im, Hyun Soo Shim, Junsang Yoo, Jong Woo Kim, Eun-Woo Lee, Hye Jin Shin, Soon Ha Kim, Won-Keun Kim
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 becomes a serious threat to global health and requires the development of effective antiviral therapies. Current therapies that target viral proteins have limited efficacy with side effects. In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity of MIT-001, a small molecule reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger targeting mitochondria, against SARS-CoV-2 and other zoonotic viruses in vitro. The antiviral activity of MIT-001 was quantified by RT-qPCR and plaque assay...
February 1, 2024: Virus Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38303015/wastewater-based-epidemiology-applied-at-the-building-level-reveals-distinct-virome-profiles-based-on-the-age-of-the-contributing-individuals
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cristina Mejías-Molina, Anna Pico-Tomàs, Sandra Martínez-Puchol, Marta Itarte, Helena Torrell, Núria Canela, Carles M Borrego, Lluís Corominas, Marta Rusiñol, Sílvia Bofill-Mas
BACKGROUND: Human viruses released into the environment can be detected and characterized in wastewater. The study of wastewater virome offers a consolidated perspective on the circulation of viruses within a population. Because the occurrence and severity of viral infections can vary across a person's lifetime, studying the virome in wastewater samples contributed by various demographic segments can provide valuable insights into the prevalence of viral infections within these segments...
February 1, 2024: Human Genomics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38278412/the-role-of-high-mobility-group-at-hook-1-in-viral-infections-implications-for-cancer-pathogenesis
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Esma'il Akade, Shahram Jalilian
The crucial role of high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) proteins in nuclear processes such as gene transcription, DNA replication, and chromatin remodeling is undeniable. Elevated levels of HMGA1 have been associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes and adverse differentiation status across various cancer types. HMGA1 regulates a diverse array of biological pathways, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B (TNF-α/NF-κB), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Hippo, Rat sarcoma/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras/ERK), protein kinase B (Akt), wingless-related integration site/beta-catenin (Wnt/beta-catenin), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3-K/Akt)...
January 24, 2024: International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38246207/high-throughput-drug-screen-identifies-calcium-and-calmodulin-inhibitors-that-reduce-jcpyv-infection
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Avery C S Bond, Mason A Crocker, Michael P Wilczek, Jeanne K DuShane, Amanda L Sandberg, Lucas J Bennett, Nicholas R Leclerc, Melissa S Maginnis
JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that infects the majority of the population. Immunocompetent individuals harbor infection in their kidneys, while severe immunosuppression can result in JCPyV spread to the brain, causing the neurodegenerative disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Due to a lack of approved therapies to treat JCPyV and PML, the disease results in rapid deterioration, and is often fatal. In order to identify potential antiviral treatments for JCPyV, a high-throughput, large-scale drug screen was performed using the National Institutes of Health Clinical Collection (NCC)...
January 19, 2024: Antiviral Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38171868/-18-f-thk5351-positron-emission-tomography-clearly-depicted-progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy-after-mantle-cell-lymphoma-treatment
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuta Chiba, Rie Kawakita, Katsuya Mitamura, Kenta Takahashi, Tadaki Suzuki, Kazuo Nakamichi, Kenta Suzuki, Asahiro Morishita, Hideki Kobara, Kazushi Deguchi, Tsutomu Masaki
An 84-year-old Japanese woman presented with left hemiplegia 8 months after completing chemotherapy for mantle cell lymphoma. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a hyperintense lesion extending from the right parietal lobe to the left parietal lobe. Compared with these MRI results, 18 F-THK5351 PET revealed more extensive accumulation. A brain biopsy showed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Immunohistochemistry and John Cunningham virus (JCV) DNA-polymerase chain reaction indicated JCV infection...
January 2, 2024: Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37928458/case-report-jc-polyomavirus-nephropathy-in-simultaneous-heart-kidney-transplantation-the-role-of-viral-specific-in-situ-hybridization-staining
#12
Bassam G Abu Jawdeh, Maxwell L Smith, Madeline R Hudson, Girish K Mour, Pooja Budhiraja, Julie L Rosenthal
INTRODUCTION: JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a ubiquitous virus that can be latent in the brain and the kidney. It is the etiologic agent responsible for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a fatal, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, and rarely causes polyomavirus nephropathy in immunocompromised kidney transplant recipients. CASE DESCRIPTION: We present the first case of JCPyV nephropathy in a simultaneous heart-kidney transplant patient, where viral-specific in situ hybridization staining of the kidney tissue was utilized to confirm the diagnosis...
2023: Frontiers in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37876409/progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy-presenting-as-primary-cns-malignancy-in-an-immunocompetent-patient
#13
Rachel D Truong, Vamshi K Vadlapatla, Nicholas G Avgeropoulos
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an infection caused by the John Cunningham virus (JCV), usually in an immunocompromised host. We present the case of a 74-year-old male who presented with a six-week history of progressive memory loss, episodic confusion, and aphasia. Cranial nerve, motor, sensory, and coordination testing were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spectroscopy were concerning for primary CNS lymphoma vs. diffuse glioma. Microscopic examination after the patient underwent left frontal stereotactic brain biopsy was suggestive of a viral infection, and further testing with JCV DNA in-situ hybridization (ISH) confirmed the diagnosis of PML...
September 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37822464/an-atypical-case-of-progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy-in-a-patient-with-high-grade-b-cell-lymphoma-causing-diagnostic-delay
#14
Sabrina Grant, Thomas Skinner, Deborah Turner, Gareth Griggs, Heather Eve
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare disease of the central nervous system caused by opportunistic infection with JC virus. It presents in patients who are immunocompromised, and diagnosis is made by correlating clinical findings and radiological changes with the detection of JC virus in cerebrospinal fluid. Rarely, a brain biopsy is needed. A 72 year old with high grade B-cell lymphoma developed right arm weakness and limb ataxia shortly after his diagnosis. CNS involvement was excluded with a normal CT head, MRI brain/spine, and CSF examination...
October 2023: JRSM Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37739811/natalizumab-treatment-induces-proinflammatory-cd4-t-cells-preferentially-in-the-integrin-%C3%AE-7-compartment
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mélanie Nguyen Ky, Adrien Duran, Iris Hasantari, Agnès Bru, Mathilde Deloire, Bruno Brochet, Aurélie Ruet, Nathalie Schmitt
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Natalizumab, a monoclonal humanized antibody targeting integrin α4, inhibits the transmigration of lymphocytes into the CNS by preventing the interaction of integrin α4β1 with V-CAM expressed on brain vascular endothelial cells. Although natalizumab treatment reduces the clinical relapse rate in patients with relapsing-remitting MS, its discontinuation after reactivation of the JC virus is associated with a rebound of the disease in 20% of patients...
November 2023: Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37734315/sarcoidosis-presenting-as-progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy-in-an-apparently-immunocompetent-adult
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shiny Joy, Ayush Agarwal, Divyani Garg, Ajay Garg, Divya M Radhakrishnan, Awadh K Pandit, Achal Kumar Srivastava
Neurological involvement in sarcoidosis is termed as neurosarcoidosis. It usually leads to cranial neuropathies, although it can involve any part of the neuroaxis. Although sarcoidosis is a proinflammatory state, there is an associated anergic state demonstrable by a feeble tuberculin response. Lymphocytic sequestration in granulomas can be associated with peripheral CD4 lymphocytopenia (40% of patients with sarcoidosis) predisposing to opportunistic infections. Here we have described a young, otherwise immunocompetent male presenting with subacute onset right hemiparesis with motor aphasia, who was diagnosed to have progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) secondary to pulmonary sarcoidosis...
October 15, 2023: Journal of Neuroimmunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37706751/role-of-human-papillomavirus-and-associated-viruses-in-bladder-cancer-an-updated-review
#17
REVIEW
Xiangyang Yao, Zhenzhen Xu, Chen Duan, Yangjun Zhang, Xiaoliang Wu, Huahui Wu, Kai Liu, Xiongmin Mao, Bo Li, Yang Gao, Hua Xu, Xinghuan Wang
Bladder cancer (BC) is a complex disease affecting the urinary system and is regulated by several carcinogenic factors. Viral infection is one such factor that has attracted extensive attention in BC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, and although multiple researchers have explored the role of HPV in BC, a consensus has not yet been reached. In addition, HPV-associated viruses (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, BK virus, and JC virus) appear to be responsible for the occurrence and progression of BC...
September 2023: Journal of Medical Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37659983/revisiting-jc-virus-and-progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy
#18
REVIEW
Angela Rocchi, Ilker K Sariyer, Joseph R Berger
Since its definition 65 years ago, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has continued to devastate a growing population of immunosuppressed patients despite major advances in our understanding of the causative JC virus (JCV). Unless contained by the immune system, JCV lyses host oligodendrocytes collateral to its life cycle, leading to demyelination, neurodegeneration, and death. Novel treatments have stagnated in the absence of an animal model while current antiviral agents fail to address the now ubiquitous polyomavirus...
October 2023: Journal of Neurovirology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37651882/epidemiology-of-progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy-in-japan-and-effectiveness-of-mefloquine-a-retrospective-analysis-of-a-nationwide-inpatient-database
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiromichi Otaka, Shinobu Imai, Kiyohide Fushimi
INTRODUCTION: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an infrequent yet devastating neurological infection that arises in immunocompromised patients. The epidemiological features of PML in Japan and its evolution in recent years remain unclear. There are no established treatments that directly target PML. Although mefloquine has shown in vitro activity against JC virus, its clinical effectiveness has not been confirmed in population-level studies. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the admission data of patients with PML recorded in the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) database from fiscal year 2010 to 2020 (11 years)...
August 25, 2023: Journal of the Neurological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37622278/effect-of-fluoxetine-on-planktonic-and-biofilm-growth-and-the-antimicrobial-susceptibility-of-burkholderia%C3%A2-pseudomallei
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gláucia Mm Guedes, Emanuela S Araújo, Késia Vc Ribeiro, Vinícius C Pereira, Ana Ccf Soares, Alyne S Freitas, Bruno R Amando, Rossana A Cordeiro, Marcos Fg Rocha, José Jc Sidrim, Débora Scm Castelo-Branco
Aim: This study evaluated the effect of fluoxetine (FLU) on planktonic and biofilm growth and the antimicrobial susceptibility of Burkholderia pseudomallei . Materials & methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for FLU were determined by broth microdilution. Its effect on growing and mature biofilms and its interaction with antibacterial drugs were evaluated by assessing biofilm metabolic activity, biomass and structure through confocal microscopy. Results: The FLU MIC range was 19.53-312...
August 25, 2023: Future Microbiology
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