Learning AND medical education

INTRODUCTION: Clinical workplaces offer unrivalled learning opportunities if students get pedagogic and affective support that enables them to confidently participate and learn from clinical activities. If physicians do not greet new students, the learners are deprived of signals of social respect and inclusion. This study explored how physicians' non-greeting behaviour may impact medical students' participation, learning, and professional identity formation in clinical placements. METHODS: We analysed 16 senior Norwegian medical students' accounts of non-greeting behaviours among their physician supervisors in a reflexive thematic analysis of focus group interview data...

OBJECTIVES: In 2017, Queen's University launched Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) across 29 programs simultaneously. Two years post-implementation, we asked key stakeholders (faculty, residents, and program leaders) within the Pediatrics program for their perspectives on and experiences with CBME so far. METHODS: Program leadership explicitly described the intended outcomes of implementing CBME. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with all stakeholders to describe the enacted implementation...

An important part of surgical training in ophthalmology is understanding how to proficiently perform cataract surgery. Operating skill in cataract surgery is typically assessed by real-time or video-based expert review using a rating scale. This is time-consuming, subjective and labour-intensive. A typical trainee graduates with over 100 complete surgeries, each of which requires review by the surgical educators. Due to the consistently repetitive nature of this task, it lends itself well to machine learning-based evaluation...

BACKGROUND: By combining theory-driven and data-driven methods, this study aimed to develop dementia predictive algorithms among Chinese older adults guided by the cognitive footprint theory. METHODS: Electronic medical records from the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System in Hong Kong were employed. We included patients with dementia diagnosed at 65+ between 2010 and 2018, and 1:1 matched dementia-free controls. We identified 51 features, comprising exposures to established modifiable factors and other factors before and after 65 years old...

BACKGROUND: In the past, evidence-based medicine (EBM) and shared decision-making (SDM) have been taught separately in health sciences and medical education. However, recognition is increasing of the importance of EBM training that includes SDM, whereby practitioners incorporate all steps of EBM, including person-centered decision-making using SDM. However, there are few empirical investigations into the benefits of training that integrates EBM and SDM (EBM-SDM) for junior doctors, and their influencing factors...

Patient advocates, referring to those individuals that have been diagnosed with the disease for which they advocate, are essential stake holders in healthcare. For those facing the stages of being diagnosed with Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC), the "call to advocate" is an immediate response to being diagnosed with a rare and aggressive disease that progresses rapidly, often in a matter of weeks or months. There is a great stigma and bias in the medical community that has inhibited the education and study of IBC...

OBJECTIVE: Epilepsy patients often report memory deficits despite normal objective testing, suggesting that available measures are insensitive or that non-mnemonic factors are involved. The Visual Paired Comparison Task (VPCT) assesses novelty preference, the tendency to fixate on novel images rather than previously viewed items, requiring recognition memory for the "old" images. As novelty preference is a sensitive measure of hippocampal-dependent memory function, we predicted impaired VPCT performance in epilepsy patients compared to healthy controls...

Dorsal preservation (DP) rhinoplasty techniques, including surface techniques (STs) and foundation techniques (FTs) have garnered significant attention internationally over the past few years. The practice patterns and opinions from 117 of these surgeons were surveyed from a cohort of these surgeons who participate in an online Evidence-Based Rhinoplasty Research Group. The findings of the survey are merely a snapshot of the international rhinoplasty community's practices, yet did capture data from surgeons from a diverse geographic, years of experience, and training background...

PHENOMENON: Learners in medical education are often exposed to content and situations that might be experienced as traumatic, which in turn has both professional and personal implications. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the literature on how trauma has been conceptualized and approached within medical education, and the implications thereof. APPROACH: A metanarrative approach was adopted following the RAMESES guidelines. Searches of 7 databases conducted in January 2022 with no date limitations yielded 7,280 articles, of which 50 were identified for inclusion through purposive and theoretical sampling...

Despite the ubiquity of healthcare simulation and the humanities in medical education, the two domains of learning remain unintegrated. The stories suffused within healthcare simulation have thus remained unshaped by the developments of narrative medicine and the health humanities. Healthcare simulation, in turn, has yet to utilize concepts like co-construction and narrative competence to enrich learners' understanding of patient experience alongside their clinical competencies. To create a conceptual bridge between these two fields (including narrative-based inquiry more broadly), we redescribe narrative competence via Ronald Heifetz's distinction of "technical" and "adaptive" challenges outlined in his adaptive leadership model...

Issue:  A significant component of health professions education is focussed on students' exposure to the social determinants of health and the challenges that patients within the health care system face. An appropriate way to provide such exposure is through distributed clinical training. This usually entails students training in smaller groups along the continuum of care, away from tertiary academic hospitals. This also means students are away from their existing academic and social support systems. It is evident that knowledge and clinical skills alone are not sufficient to prepare students, they also need to be taught to critically reflect on how their own values and attitudes traverse their knowledge and skills to influence their practice as healthcare professionals...

OBJECTIVES: Over the past 2 decades, simulation-based learning has become an essential part of medical training. Simulated clinics have proven to be effective for training medical students. Even so, this learning method presents organizational and financial challenges that limit its dissemination to all medical students, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Simulated teleconsultation retains the advantages of interactive simulated clinics while offering concrete solutions to the challenges faced...

BACKGROUND: Climate change is the greatest threat to human health. Medical students, as future health-care workers, are important in promoting sustainable behaviours, which are strongly associated with individuals' emotional responses to climate change. At Würzburg University Hospital (Würzburg, Germany), a one-term optional course (40 learning units) about planetary health and two lectures within the curricular course Environmental Medicine were introduced in 2021. We aimed to examine the effects of these courses on the emotions and motivations of students in acting against climate change...

BACKGROUND: To examine the artificial intelligence (AI) tools currently being studied in modern medical education, and critically evaluate the level of validation and the quality of evidence presented in each individual study. METHODS: This review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023410752) was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. A database search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library...

BACKGROUND: Digital health has been taught at medical faculties for a few years. However, in general, the teaching of digital competencies in medical education and training is still underrepresented. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the objective acquisition of digital competencies through the implementation of a transdisciplinary digital health curriculum as a compulsory elective subject at a German university. The main subject areas of digital leadership and management, digital learning and didactics, digital communication, robotics, and generative artificial intelligence were developed and taught in a transdisciplinary manner over a period of 1 semester...

Over 75% of surviving extremely preterm infants do not have major neurodevelopmental disabilities; however, more than half face difficulties with communication, coordination, attention, learning, social, and executive function abilities. These "minor" challenges can have a negative impact on educational and social outcomes, resulting in physical, behavioral, and social health problems in adulthood. We will review assessment tools for social-emotional and adaptive functional skills in early childhood as these determine family and early childhood supports...

BACKGROUND: The decision regarding sex rearing in patients with Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) is heavily connected to the shared decision-making model within multidisciplinary team. Some of these patients might develop gender dysphoria, when they become adults. We have aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients with XY DSD who underwent female gender assignment at our center. METHODS: We have conducted a retrospective study of all 46, XY DSD patients who underwent female assignment in our institution over the last 30 years...

BACKGROUND: The Breakthrough Series model uses learning sessions (LS) to promote education, professional development and quality improvement (QI) in healthcare. Staff divergences regarding prior knowledge, previous experience, preferences and motivations make selecting which pedagogic strategies to use in LS a challenge. AIM: We aimed to assess new active-learning strategies: two educational games, a card game and an escape room-type game, for training in healthcare-associated infection prevention...

BACKGROUND: Carers often assume key roles in cancer care. However, many carers report feeling disempowered and ill-equipped to support patients. Our group published evidence-based guidelines (the Triadic Oncology [TRIO] Guidelines) to improve oncology clinician engagement with carers and the management of challenging situations involving carers. OBJECTIVE: To facilitate implementation of the TRIO Guidelines in clinical practice, we aimed to develop, iteratively refine, and conduct user testing of a suite of evidence-based and interactive web-based education modules for oncology clinicians (e-Triadic Oncology [eTRIO]), patients with cancer, and carers (eTRIO for Patients and Carers [eTRIO-pc])...

PURPOSE: Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) have become an important priority for academic medicine. However, several barriers challenge the effective implementation of DEI-related pedagogy. An exploration of the barriers to and enablers of DEI-related pedagogy-as they relate to professional contexts-can inform how to advance DEI in medical education. Shulman's notion of signature pedagogies offers a foundation for understanding and exploring the influence of such contexts on teaching and learning...