benzodiacepines

Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia are at least three times more likely to develop a substance use disorder than controls. These patients are frequently prescribed benzodiacepines as a coadjuvant drug, which have a high potential for addiction. We performed a literature review aiming to gather evidence on various topics concerning the use of benzodiacepines in schizophrenia, with a focus on possible abuse: 1) Prevalence of prescripted and non-prescripted benzodiacepine use among patients, 2) Prevalence of abusers, 3) Effects of long-term benzodiacepine abuse in schizophrenia prognosis, 4) Possible management strategies for benzodiacepine abuse in this population...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The objective of this review is to analyze and summarize the current anesthetic methods used to alleviate pain and discomfort during transvaginal oocyte retrieval procedures (TORP), to try to reach practical recommendations, based on the evidence, which will translate into daily practice, the knowledge on the anesthetic management of patients scheduled for TORP. RECENT FINDINGS: There is no strong evidence to recommend the avoidance of any technique or drug for TORP, including nitrous oxide or halogenated agents...

BACKGROUND: The role of anesthesia as an elicitor of mast cell (MC) mediator release symptoms in mastocytosis is poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and type of MC mediator release symptoms during anesthetic procedures in mastocytosis patients. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed regarding the anesthetic techniques for 501 mastocytosis patients (459 adults and 42 children; 95 and 5% with systemic involvement, respectively) who were subjected to 676 and 50 anesthetic techniques, respectively...

Anxiety disorders and substance use disorders are highly comorbid (between 18% and 37%), and such comorbidity complicates treatment and worsens prognosis (including higher suicide risk). There are not many research works on the specific pharmacologic treatment of dual comorbid anxiety disorders. Most authors recommend a simultaneous approach of both, anxiety and substance use, disorders. Research data on pharmacotherapy suggest that psychotropics used in the treatment of anxiety disorders are also effective in dual diagnosis...

OBJETIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of providing an educational intervention in primary care (PC) alongside a pharmacological treatment for insomnia. DESIGN: Single blinded non randomised clinical trial. LOCATION: Two urban primary health centers in Gijón (Asturias, Spain). PARTICIPANTS: Patients who consulted for insomnia between July 2012-January 2013 and met the inclusion criteria (n=50) were assigned systematically to the control group (CG) or intervention group (IG)...

INTRODUCTION: Suicide attempt (SA) in under 15's is one of the most frequent reasons for psychiatric consultation faced by paediatricians working in urgency services. Uruguay is the country with the highest suicide rate in South America. Suicide is currently the fifth cause of death in 10 to 14 year olds (1.8/ 100,000) and ninth in the 5 to 9 age group (0.4/100,000). OBJECTIVES: To know the incidence of SA consultations in under 15's, the characteristics of their environment and methods used...

OBJECTIVE: VEIA study is an evolutional registry of acute poisonings (AP) attended in the Emergency Room of the Doce de Octubre Hospital in Madrid (Spain) in a whole year (1979, 1985, 1990, 1994,1997 and 2000). We present the 2004 study and compare the results with the previous years. METHODS AND RESULTS: Methodology has been identical across VEIA STUDY. Of 1508 AP, 610 are suicide attempts (IAVIS), 319 ethylic, (IAVE), and 218 by illicit drugs (IAVD). Of the 2,259 toxics involved, 48% are medications (50% benzodiacepines) alcohol 25% and illicit drugs 13%...

Sleep disturbances are a common finding in the clinical practice of addictions. Clinical management of insomnia is known to influence the prognosis of the addiction and the success of the detoxication process itself (Peles, Schreiber, and Adelson, 2006; Pace-Schott, Stickgold, Muzur, Wigren, Ward, et al., 2005; Bootzin and Stevens, 2005; Maher, 2004). Thus the relevance of controlling sleep disturbances from the very beginning of the detoxification process. However, managing this situation is often not easy for the clinician...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: VEIA study is an evolutional registry of acute poisonings (AP) attended in the Emergency Room of the Doce de Octubre Hospital in Madrid (Spain) in a whole year (1979,1985, 1990, 1994,1997 and 2000). We present the 2004 study and compare the results with the previous years. METHODS AND RESULTS: Methodology has been identical across VEIA study. Of 1508 AP, 610 are suicide attempts (IAVIS), 319 ethylic, (IAVE), and 218 by illicit drugs (IAVD). Of the 2,259 toxics involved, 48% are medications (50% benzodiacepines) alcohol 25% and illicit drugs 13%...

INTRODUCTION: Psychotropic drugs are frequently used in the population and account for a big share of the Spanish health budget. This study aims to describe the patterns of use of psychotropic drugs in the Spanish general population and its relationship with mental health. METHODS: A stratified, multistage, clustered area, probability sample design was used and 5,473 non-institutionalized individuals older than 18 were randomly selected among the Spanish population...

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: We performed a case control study to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics, and identify the risk factors associated to gastroesophageal reflux among patients of the gastroenterology unit at the HNSE EsSalud - Cusco. There were included 645 patients with endoscopic diagnosis of esophagitis between january 1, 1999 and december 31, 2000. Afterwards, we selected a sample of 125 cases and 124 non related matched controls. The statistical profiles about gastroesophageal reflux, the digestive endoscopy service digests and the clinic histories of patients were reviewed; and the case and control samples were interviewed namelessly with their previous consent...

Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine, which acts at the benzodiacepine omega1 receptor subtype. Zolpidem was marketed as a short-acting hypnotic and it was assumed that had a lower potential for abuse than benzodiacepines. Since 1993, several cases of zolpidem dependence have been reported. We have observed three patients with abuse, dependence and withdrawal syndrome to zolpidem. Two of them had history of drugs abuse and all of them developed withdrawal symptoms when discontinuing it. In Spain, zolpidem may be sold without medical prescription like other non benzodiacepines hypnotics and it may be playing an important role in the increase of abuse cases...

OBJECTIVES: To obtain knowledge of the psychiatric disorders of a heroin dependent population undergoing MMT and the influence of such on the outcomes of treatment for dependence. METHODS: 132 opiate dependents undergoing MMT in Drug Addiction Treatment Unit, Avilés (Spain) were followed-up over 6 years of treatment. At the beginning and after 6 years of treatment an Ad hoc protocol (sociodemographic and clinical variables) was administered. Analyses of HIV and urine (opiates, cocaine and benzodiacepines) were made throughout treatment...

Although the results of some studies have proven negative, the influence of psychological factors in the development, evolution and therapeutic management of alopecia areata is, in general, well documented. Life events and intrapsychically generated stress can play an important role in triggering of some episodes. The comorbidity of psychiatric disorders, mainly generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and phobic states, is high. The role of treatment of concomitant psychopathological disorders is a vital one...

The work presents an analytical strategy to detect drugs of abuse in hair. It involves two sequential steps: a screening by a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology to detect opiates, cocaine and its metabolites, and benzodiacepines, followed by confirmation of opiates and cocaine metabolites in positive samples by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the same GC-MS run other drugs for substitution therapy (e.g. methadone and its main metabolite) can also be detected...

Since the introduction of benzodiacepines in the medical practice their use has been generalized to numerous clinical situations. One of them is schizophrenia. In this article we analize the main settings for its use and the possible mechanisms of action, trying to draw some recomendations applicable to the psychiatric practice.

OBJECTIVE: To describe suspects of drug interactions in primary health care. DESIGN: Descriptive and transversal study during 1 month. SETTING: Urban health center, primary care, Madrid (Spain). PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Patients were treated simultaneously with more than 1 drug (145), 2 general practitioners (GP) and 1 pharmacist. INTERVENTIONS: GP registered in a sheet-form data from diagnostic and pharmacological treatments...

The present work was performed to evaluate the participation of the benzodiacepinic GABAA and GABAB components upon excessive grooming, locomotion, rearing, and stretching/yawning syndrome induced by the intracerebroventricularly alpha-MSH administration by using GABAA and GABAB agonists. It also aims at evaluating possible relation between changes in cAMP levels in caudate-putamen and accumbens nuclei and the behavioral responses. Injection of diazepam or baclofen reduced the total behavioral scores in a dose-related manner as well as the cAMP levels with respect to the control values (animals treated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid)...

Authors have studied in 32 samples of cord blood (normal newborns and normal births) the stability of glutathione reduced form (GSH) in human erythrocytes opposite to ten drugs (gentamicin, cephazolin, amikacin, carbenicillin, amoxicillin, benzodiacepine, metil-prednisolone, phenilbarbituric acid, fosfomycin, trimethroprim-sulphamethoxazole) using it at similar concentration to the highest haemotic levels that are obtained in the newborn with therapeutic doses. They showed that these drugs have not an effect on stability of GSH...