preterm baby

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization estimates the prevalence of preterm birth to be 5-18% across 184 countries of the world. Statistics from countries with reliable data show that preterm birth is on the rise. About a third of neonatal deaths are directly attributed to prematurity and this has hindered the achievement of Millennium Development Goal-4 target. Locally, few studies have looked at the prevalence of preterm delivery and factors associated with it. This study determined the prevalence of preterm birth and the factors associated with preterm delivery at Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya...

Background: The hypothesis of this study is that the diagnosis of infant abuse is associated with criteria for shaken baby syndrome (SBS)/abusive head trauma (AHT), and that that changes in incidence of abuse diagnosis in infants may be due to increased awareness of SBS/AHT criteria. Methods: This was a population-based register study. Setting: Register study using the Swedish Patient Register, Medical Birth Register, and Cause of Death Register. The diagnosis of infant abuse was based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th revision...

A preterm neonate born at 27 weeks, with a birth weight of 555 g, was on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for apnoea of prematurity and initially received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) through the umbilical venous catheter. Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) was inserted in the left basilica vein on day 8 to continue TPN. The baby developed respiratory distress with persistent hypoxia after TPN was initiated through the PICC line. The baby required mechanical ventilation due to worsening of respiratory distress, and chest X-ray, as well as ultrasound conducted 12 hours, postinfusion of TPN revealed right-sided pleural effusion...

New nutritional approaches to treat extreme premature babies have demonstrated relevant eviden ce of metabolic disturbances with early hypophosphatemia, especially in patients with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). They have shown late hypophosphatemia, as well, which is characteristic in the metabolic bone disease. A sytematic search of literature describing metabolic disturbances of phosphorus in preterm newborns is presented, related to the use of early parenteral nutrition and also in the context of metabolic bone disease...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of preterm infant learning portfolios in enabling mothers to develop infant care knowledge and skills, as well as confidence in their abilities. DESIGN: This study used a quasi-experimental design. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 52 mothers with preterm infants recruited at a neonatal intermediate unit of a medical centre in central Taiwan. Among those, 26 participants in the control group received regular health education and 26 participants in the experimental group received learning portfolios and regular care...

Human colostrum is important for the immune system development and plays a protective role for infants. However, the comprehensive exploration of lipids, which account for 3-5% of milk, and their biological functions in human colostrum was limited. In present study, the triacylglycerol (TAG) and fatty acid (FA) compositions of human colostrum and mature milk were analyzed and compared. Variations were observed in both the TAG and FA compositions. The concentrations of 18:1/18:1/16:0 TAG, high-molecular-weight and unsaturated TAGs were significantly higher in colostrum, whereas mature milk contained more low/medium-molecular-weight TAGs and medium-chain FAs...

INTRODUCTION: Growth restriction in preterm infants has been related to a poor neurodevelopment outcome. OBJECTIVES: To define the incidence of postnatal growth restriction in premature babies ≤1,500 grams and to detect related clinical or biochemical markers. METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal observational study. Multivariate linear regression models were used to determine variables that can predict the change in weight z-score during admission...

OBJECTIVES: The association between maternal periodontal disease and adverse perinatal outcomes although extensively studied remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate, by a case-control study, conducted in three hospitals the association between preterm birth and/or low birth weight (PTB/LBW) and clinical parameters of maternal periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Postpartum women who gave birth to a newborn PTB/LBW (case group), and postpartum women who had babies at full term with normal weight (control group) were included, in 1:2 ratio...

BACKGROUND: We sought to determine the optimal timing of IH repair in preterms and the need for routine contralateral exploration. METHODS: Medical records of 3690 pediatric patients who underwent unilateral IH repair between January 1998 and December 2009 were reviewed. We assessed medical record review and telephone interviews. In total, 1990 patients were enrolled in the study. Early, early-delayed, and late repair were defined as herniorrhaphy performed within 7 days of diagnosis, later than 7 days of diagnosis, and after discharge from the NICU, respectively...

Perinatal inflammatory insult in preterm babies is associated with vision impairment, but the underlying cellular mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we set out to explore whether systemic inflammatory stress affects the development of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Neonatal inflammation was induced by single and systemic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg) at postnatal day 4 (P4). Morphological changes of RGCs were investigated by using 3D neuron reconstruction technique in Thy-1 YFPH transgenic mice at P21, of which a fraction of RGCs selectively expresses the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of the 'Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment' (COPE) programme in reducing stress levels in mothers of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: Clinical trial performed in Colombia, including mothers of infants younger than 34 weeks of gestation, hospitalized, without a history of premature delivery. The mothers with psychiatric illnesses, language disorders, history of use of psychoactive substances and whose newborns had a congenital malformation were excluded...

Objective: To investigate the association between maternal body height and risk of preterm birth. Methods: A total of 11 311 pregnant women who gave birth of live singletons were recruited from the Healthy Baby Cohort Study in Hubei province, China from September 2012 to October 2014. Finally 11 070 pregnant women were selected as study subjects. Data were collected by using questionnaires, their prenatal care records and medical records. The women were divided into 4 groups according to the quartiles distribution (<158 cm, 158- cm, 160- cm, and >164 cm)...

Social deprivation negatively affects health outcomes but receives little attention in obstetric risk selection. We investigated whether a combination of (1) risk assessment focused on non-medical risk factors, lifestyle factors, and medical risk factors, with (2) subsequent institution of risk-specific care pathways, and (3) multidisciplinary consultation between care providers from the curative and the public health sector reduced adverse pregnancy outcomes among women in selected urban areas in the Netherlands...

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common morbidity in neonatal intensive care units and associated with poor outcome. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AKI and provide a demographic data and risk factors associated with the mortality and morbidity. METHODS: This is a retrospective study included 105 premature babies. Diagnosis of AKI was based on neonatal KDIGO classification criteria. The babies were stratified into two groups according to AKI status during the hospitalization...

Objectives Studies examining risk factors for preterm birth (PTB) such as psychosocial stress are often focused on women with a history of PTB; however, most preterm babies are born to women with no history of preterm birth. Our objective was to determine if the relationship between psychosocial stress and PTB is altered by parity. Non-Hispanic black (NHB) women have increased psychosocial stress and PTB; therefore, we further aimed to determine if race alters the relationship between psychosocial stress, parity, and PTB...

Background: Snake bite in the third trimester of pregnancy with late presentation, systemic envenomation; disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and delivery of a live neonate is uncommon in a low resource setting. Case: We present a 22 year old unbooked Gravida 3 Para 1+ 1 1alive lentiviral positive woman at 32 weeks gestation with snake bite, leg swelling, vaginal bleeding and labour pains. At presentation, there were anemia, tachycardia, hypotension; a gravid uterus with a single fetus in longitudinal lie, cephalic presentation, regular fetal heart rate and cervical dilatation of 3 cm...

OBJECTIVE: To predict length of stay in neonatal care for all admissions of very preterm singleton babies. SETTING: All neonatal units in England. PATIENTS: Singleton babies born at 24-31 weeks gestational age from 2011 to 2014. Data were extracted from the National Neonatal Research Database. METHODS: Competing risks methods were used to investigate the competing outcomes of death in neonatal care or discharge from the neonatal unit...

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) varies over time, and requires regular surveillance. OBJECTIVE: To analyse data on EONS in Australia and New Zealand. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data collected longitudinally from multiple neonatal units from 2002 to 2012. RESULTS: Of 386 423 live births, 454 infants had EONS. The incidence rate of EONS was 1.20 per 1000 live births in 2002 and 0...

Choroidal osteoma (CO) is a rare, benign, and usually unilateral intraocular tumor composed of mature bone affecting the choroid. It appears as slightly elevated, yellowish-white, or orange choroidal mass with well-defined borders. It is commonly encountered in young female adults. Here, we report findings of a 4-week-old premature baby with CO in her left eye which was detected during a routine examination for "retinopathy of prematurity." We believe that this case is the youngest patient reported with CO which showing that this pathology can be encountered even in a newborn...

Treatment of a haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the very preterm infant has been an accepted approach for several decades. However, the rationale for closure of PDA has recently been challenged due to reports of success with conservative approaches and the lack of evidence for longer-term benefits from treatment. In this article, we address an approach to assess treatment of those babies most likely to benefit.