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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas Klein, Julia Grüner, Maximilian Breyer, Jan Schlegel, Nicole Michelle Schottmann, Lukas Hofmann, Kevin Gauss, Rebecca Mease, Christoph Erbacher, Laura Finke, Alexandra Klein, Katharina Klug, Franziska Karl-Schöller, Bettina Vignolo, Sebastian Reinhard, Tamara Schneider, Katharina Günther, Julian Fink, Jan Dudek, Christoph Maack, Eva Klopocki, Jürgen Seibel, Frank Edenhofer, Erhard Wischmeyer, Markus Sauer, Nurcan Üçeyler
Acral burning pain triggered by fever, thermal hyposensitivity and skin denervation are hallmarks of small fibre neuropathy in Fabry disease, a life-threatening X-linked lysosomal storage disorder. Variants in the gene encoding alpha-galactosidase A may lead to impaired enzyme activity with cellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide. To study the underlying pathomechanism of Fabry-associated small fibre neuropathy, we generated a neuronal in vitro disease model using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells from three Fabry patients and one healthy control...
2024: Brain communications
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shipra Singh, Sanjay Dhiraaj, Chetna Shamshery, Shalini Singh, Anjali Singh, Rajput Abhishek Kumar, Prabhaker Mishra
OBJECTIVES: Pain is classified as nociceptive, neuropathic, or nociplastic. Neuropathic pain presents as variable phenotypes (characters) based on specific aetiology and pathophysiology. This study aimed to find out among cancer patients the incidence of different phenotypes of neuropathic pain and form specific phenotypic clusters based on the underlying neurophysiology and association of sensory profile with various organ systems - A prospective observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Institutional Ethical Committee clearance (IEC code: 2020-49-MD-EXP-15) https://ctri...
2024: Indian Journal of Palliative Care
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying Zhang, Sai Ye, Yangqing Zhang, Hong Sun, Xiaoxian Zhao, Xuemin Shen, Lan Wu
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The pathophysiology of burning mouth syndrome (BMS), although considered a multifactorial etiology including psychological factors, is still not well understood. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the potential usage of salivary and serum biomarkers, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in diagnosing BMS and their correlations with anxiety/depression...
April 2024: Journal of Dental Sciences
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zoë A P Williams, Leonie Lang, Sarah Nicolas, Gerard Clarke, John Cryan, David Vauzour, Yvonne M Nolan
Alzheimer's disease is a complex and progressive condition that affects essential neurological functions such as memory and reasoning. In the brain, neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, proteinopathy, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. In addition, recent evidence has highlighted that microbes, whether commensal or pathogenic, also have the ability to interact with their host and to regulate its immune system, therefore participating in the exchanges that lead to peripheral inflammation and neuropathology...
April 2024: Microbial Biotechnology
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lukas Hofmann, Julia Grüner, Katharina Klug, Maximilian Breyer, Thomas Klein, Vanessa Hochheimer, Laura Wagenhäuser, Erhard Wischmeyer, Nurcan Üçeyler
Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disorder of X-linked inheritance. Mutations in the α-galactosidase A gene lead to cellular globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) depositions and triggerable acral burning pain in both sexes as an early FD symptom of unknown pathophysiology. We aimed at elucidating the link between skin cells and nociceptor sensitization contributing to FD pain in a sex-associated manner. We used cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts of 27 adult FD patients and 20 healthy controls. Epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts were cultured and immunoreacted to evaluate Gb3 load...
2024: PloS One
#6
REVIEW
Wanyu Xu, Dorsa Gholamali Sinaki, Yuchen Tang, Yunsheng Chen, Yixin Zhang, Zheng Zhang
Acne is a common chronic inflammatory dermatosis that can lead to pathological scars (PSs, divided into hypertrophic scars and keloids). These kinds of abnormal scars seriously reduce the quality of life of patients. However, their mechanism is still unclear, resulting in difficult clinical prevention, unstable treatment effects and a high risk of recurrence. Available evidence supports inflammatory changes caused by infection as one of the keys to abnormal proliferation of skin fibroblasts. In acne-induced PSs, increasing knowledge of the immunopathology indicates that inflammatory cells directly secrete growth factors to activate fibroblasts and release pro-inflammatory factors to promote the formation of PSs...
2024: Burns and Trauma
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brittany N Davis, Hope Xu, Lawrence J Gottlieb, Sebastian Q Vrouwe
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After studying this article and viewing the videos, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the current epidemiology of burn injuries. 2. Understand burn pathophysiology and perform a wound assessment. 3. Summarize the initial emergency management of a burn patient. 4. Calculate the anticipated fluid resuscitation requirements for a burn injury, and diagnose the complications of overresuscitation. 5. Describe the diagnosis and management of inhalation injury...
April 1, 2024: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
#8
REVIEW
Maximilian Dölling, Martin Herrmann, Michael Boettcher
This comprehensive review examines the role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in pediatric surgery. Focusing on NET formation, functions, and implications, this study highlights their dual impact in infection control and contribution to tissue damage after surgery. It covers the role of NET formation in a range of pediatric conditions including immunothrombosis, formation of peritoneal adhesions, appendicitis, burns, gallstones, tumors, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The results underscore the significance of NETs in fighting infections and their association with complications like sepsis and delayed wound healing...
March 1, 2024: Children
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew C McClelland, Steven J Benitez, Judah Burns
COVID-19 has prominent effects on the nervous system with important manifestations on neuroimaging. In this review, we discuss the neuroimaging appearance of acute COVID-19 that became evident during the early stages of the pandemic. We highlight the underlying pathophysiology mediating nervous system effects and neuroimaging appearances including systemic inflammatory response such as cytokine storm, coagulopathy, and para/post-infections immune mediated phenomena. We also discuss the nervous system manifestations of COVID-19 and the role of imaging as the pandemic has evolved over time, including related to the development of vaccines and the emergence of post-acute sequalae such as long COVID...
March 20, 2024: Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Geoffrey P Dobson, Jodie L Morris, Hayley L Letson
Severe burn injury elicits a profound stress response with the potential for high morbidity and mortality. If polytrauma is present, patient outcomes appear to be worse. Sex-based comparisons indicate females have worse outcomes than males. There are few effective drug therapies to treat burn shock and secondary injury progression. The lack of effective drugs appears to arise from the current treat-as-you-go approach rather than a more integrated systems approach. In this review, we present a brief history of burns research and discuss its pathophysiology from a systems' perspective...
March 22, 2024: Journal of Burn Care & Research: Official Publication of the American Burn Association
#11
REVIEW
Zachary C Taylor, Ravi S Nunna, Angela Tran, Matías Costa, Maxwell Gruber, Periklis Godolias, Zachary Litvack
Parsonage-Turner Syndrome, or neuralgic amyotrophy, is an acute-onset upper limb and shoulder girdle palsy that can occur in a post-viral, post-surgical or idiopathic setting. There have also been some reported cases of the syndrome occurring following vaccinations. The pathophysiology of neuralgic amyotrophy is not completely understood and many of the commonly used diagnostic imaging modalities we use to try and diagnose this syndrome are inaccurate and misleading. We present the case of a 40-year-old gentleman who presented with acute onset burning pain and fasciculations in his right upper extremity following vaccination with the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine...
2024: Turkish Neurosurgery
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan M Coutinho, Anita van de Munckhof, Diana Aguiar de Sousa, Sven Poli, Sanjith Aaron, Antonio Arauz-Góngora, Adriana Conforto, Katarzyna Krzywicka, Sini Hiltunen, Erik Lindgren, Mayte Sanchez van Kammen, Liqi Shu, Tamam Bakchoul, Rosalie Belder, Rene van den Berg, Elisheva Boumans, Suzanne Cannegieter, Vanessa Cano-Nigenda, Thalia Shoshana Field, Isabel Fragata, Mirjam R Heldner, María Hernández-Pérez, Frederikus A Klok, Ronen R Leker, Lia Lucas Neto, Jeremy Molad, Thanh N Nguyen, Dirk-Jan Saaltink, Gustavo Saposnik, Pankaj Sharma, Jan Stam, Vincent Thijs, Michiel van der Vaart, David Werring, Diana Wong Ramos, Shadi Yaghi, Nilufer Yesilot, Turgut Tatlisumak, Jukka Putaala, Katarina Jood, Marcel Arnold, Jose M Ferro
BACKGROUND: Due to the rarity of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), performing high-quality scientific research in this field is challenging. Providing answers to unresolved research questions will improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, and ultimately translate to a better outcome of patients with CVT. We present an international research agenda, in which the most important research questions in the field of CVT are prioritized. AIMS: This research agenda has three distinct goals: (1) To provide inspiration and focus to research on CVT for the coming years; (2) To reinforce international collaboration; and (3) To facilitate the acquisition of research funding...
March 17, 2024: International Journal of Stroke: Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
#13
REVIEW
Eloise Stanton, Paul Won, Artur Manasyan, Sandeep Gurram, T Justin Gilllenwater, Haig A Yenikomshian
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of neuropathic pain (NP) in burn patients is reported in the literature to be as high as 80%1 . Given the complexity of NP in burn patients and the wide range of treatments available, a systematic review of the literature is warranted to summarize our current understanding of management and treatment of NP in this population. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines...
February 28, 2024: Burns
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuya Mizukami, Naoyuki Kawao, Takashi Ohira, Daiki Hashimoto, Kiyotaka Okada, Osamu Matsuo, Hiroshi Kaji
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the process by which ectopic bone forms at an extraskeletal site. Inflammatory conditions induce plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, which regulates osteogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the roles of PAI-1 in the pathophysiology of HO induced by trauma/burn treatment using PAI-1-deficient mice. PAI-1 deficiency significantly promoted HO and increased the number of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive cells in Achilles tendons after trauma/burn treatment...
March 11, 2024: Calcified Tissue International
#15
REVIEW
Hakan Orbay, Alain C Corcos, Jenny A Ziembicki, Francesco M Egro
Large burns provoke profound pathophysiological changes. Survival rates of patients with large burns have improved significantly with the advancement of critical care and adaptation of early excision protocols. Nevertheless, care of large burn wounds remains challenging secondary to limited donor sites, prolonged time to wound closure, and immunosuppression. The development of skin substitutes and new grafting techniques decreased time to wound closure. Individually, these methods have limited success, but a combination of them may yield more successful outcomes...
April 2024: Clinics in Plastic Surgery
#16
REVIEW
Zachary J Collier, Justin Gillenwater
Acute burn injury creates a complex and multifactorial local response which may have systemic sequelae such as hypovolemia, hypothermia, cardiovascular collapse, hypercoagulability, and multi-system organ failure. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of burn shock, the initial burn triage and assessment, calculation of fluid requirements, and the means of tailoring ongoing interventions to optimize resuscitation are critical for overcoming the wide spectrum of derangements which this condition creates...
April 2024: Clinics in Plastic Surgery
#17
REVIEW
Martin R Buta, Matthias B Donelan
Burn care evolved slowly from primitive treatments depicted in cave drawings 3500 years ago to a vibrant medical specialty which has made remarkable progress over the past 200 years. This evolution involved all areas of burn care including superficial dressings, wound assessment, fluid resuscitation, infection control, pathophysiology, nutritional support, burn surgery, and inhalation injury. Major advances that contributed to current standards of care and improved outcomes are highlighted in this article. New innovations are making possible a future where severe burn injuries will require less morbid interventions for acute care and outcomes will restore patients more closely to their pre-injury condition...
April 2024: Clinics in Plastic Surgery
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Annalena Palmer, Till Hamann, Jan Liese, Britta Müller, Peter Kropp, Tim P Jürgens, Florian Rimmele
BACKGROUND: The Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by a burning sensation in the oral mucous membranes. The etiology and pathophysiology of BMS is largely unexplained. To date, there is no evidence-based treatment strategy for BMS. Cranial electrical stimulation (CES) represents a non-invasive treatment option with a low side effect profile that is approved for the treatment of pain, depression, anxiety disorder and insomnia. It has shown efficacy in studies for chronic pain such as fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury...
2024: Frontiers in Neurology
#19
REVIEW
Dengju Li, Changxing Liu, Haojue Wang, Yunfeng Li, Yaqi Wang, Senbo An, Shui Sun
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological process characterized by the aberrant formation of bone in muscles and soft tissues. It is commonly triggered by traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and burns. Despite a wide range of evidence underscoring the significance of neurogenic signals in proper bone remodeling, a clear understanding of HO induced by nerve injury remains rudimentary. Recent studies suggest that injury to the nervous system can activate various signaling pathways, such as TGF-β, leading to neurogenic HO through the release of neurotrophins...
February 28, 2024: Neurochemical Research
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jens Heichel, Andrea Huth, Arne Viestenz, Hans-Gert Struck
Chemical burns of the ocular surface (CBOS) are emergencies of highest urgency. Therefore, an adequate emergency care is mandatory. Following a precise analysis of the initial damage, a staged therapeutic approach is used to prevent persistent impairment of the ocular surface. In the acute stage, the prevention of complications is targeted (symblepharon, conjunctival scarring, lacrimal stenosis, corneal ulceration, intraocular inflammation, elevated intraocular pressure, etc.). In later stages, if complications have developed, a secondary restoration of the ocular surface is focussed...
February 27, 2024: Klinische Monatsblätter Für Augenheilkunde
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