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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrea Tagliabue, Cristian Micheletti, Massimo Mella
Using Langevin dynamics simulations and a coarse-grained primitive model of electrolytes, we show that the behavior of knotted circular strong polyelectrolytes (PEs) in diluted aqueous solution is largely affected by the diameter of the counterions (CIs), σCI . Indeed, we observe that both gyration radius and knot length vary nonmonotonically with σCI , with both small and bulky CIs favoring knot localization, while medium-sized ones promote delocalized knots. We also show that the conformational change from delocalized to tight knots occurs via the progressive coalescence of the knot's essential crossings...
April 22, 2024: Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qiang Zhu, Yongxian Wu, Ray Luo
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) plays a pivotal role in the organization and functionality of living cells. It is imperative to understand the underlying driving forces behind LLPS and to control its occurrence. In this study, we employed coarse-grained (CG) simulations as a research tool to investigate systems comprising oligolysine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) under conditions of various ionic concentrations and oligolysine lengths. Consistent with experimental observations, our CG simulations captured the formation of LLPS upon the addition of ATP and tendency of dissociating under high ionic concentration...
March 21, 2024: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics: PCCP
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Valerio Cini, Sebastian Ramacher, Daniel Slamanig, Christoph Striecks, Erkan Tairi
We propose a novel variant of functional encryption which supports ciphertext updates, dubbed ciphertext-updatable functional encryption. Such a feature further broadens the practical applicability of the functional encryption paradigm and allows for fine-grained access control even after a ciphertext is generated. Updating ciphertexts is carried out via so-called update tokens which a dedicated party can use to convert ciphertexts. However, allowing update tokens requires some care for the security definition...
2024: J Cryptol
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samuela Palombieri, Marco Bonarrigo, Alessandro Cammerata, Giulia Quagliata, Stefania Astolfi, Domenico Lafiandra, Francesco Sestili, Stefania Masci
INTRODUCTION: Wheat is a staple food, with the two most common species being Triticum aestivum and Triticum turgidum ssp . durum . Moreover, the latter, T. turgidum , includes other tetraploid subspecies, among which the sspp. turanicum (Khorasan wheat) and polonicum (Polish wheat), whose importance has increased in the last decades, representing alternative crops for marginal areas, in addition to being a source of genetic diversity. METHODS: In this work, different accessions of these three subspecies of T...
2023: Frontiers in Plant Science
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinliang Li, Huibing Fan, Qiuming Wang, Qingfeng Wang
In this work, the influence of normalizing temperature on vanadium micro-alloyed P460NL1 steel is studied in terms of microstructures and impact toughness. With the normalizing temperature increased from 850 °C to 950 °C, the V(C,N) particles are dissolved. The dissolution of V(C,N) particles leads to a reduction in their ability to pin the primitive austenite grain boundaries, resulting in the coarsening of the primitive austenite grain. Simultaneously, the number of precipitated particles promoting ferrite nucleation decreased...
October 28, 2023: Materials
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Takuya Ohmi, Iain W H Oswald, James R Neilson, Nikolaj Roth, Shunta Nishioka, Kazuhiko Maeda, Kotaro Fujii, Masatomo Yashima, Masaki Azuma, Takafumi Yamamoto
α-FAPbI3 (FA+ = CH(NH2 )2 + ) with a cubic perovskite structure is promising for photophysical applications. However, α-FAPbI3 is metastable at room temperature, and it transforms to the δ-phase at a certain period of time at room temperature. Herein, we report a thiocyanate-stabilized pseudo-cubic perovskite FAPbI3 with ordered columnar defects (α'-phase). This compound has a √5 a p × √5 a p × a p tetragonal unit cell ( a p : cell parameter of primitive perovskite cell) with a band gap of 1...
August 30, 2023: Journal of the American Chemical Society
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jie Zhang, Song Zhou, Yiwei Wang, Shenchao Shi, Chidan Wan, Huan Zhao, Xiong Cai, Han Ding
Surgical workflow analysis integrates perception, comprehension, and prediction of the surgical workflow, which helps real-time surgical support systems provide proper guidance and assistance for surgeons. This paper promotes the idea of critical actions, which refer to the essential surgical actions that progress towards the fulfillment of the operation. Fine-grained workflow analysis involves recognizing current critical actions and previewing the moving tendency of instruments in the early stage of critical actions...
August 21, 2023: IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hideaki Tanaka, Tomonari Dotera, Stephen T Hyde
Self-assembly is the process by which individual components arrange themselves into an ordered structure by changing the shapes, components, and interactions. It has enabled us to construct an extensive range of geometric forms on many length scales. Nevertheless, the potential of two-dimensional polygonal nanoplates to self-assemble into extended three-dimensional structures with compartments and corridors has remained unexplored. In this paper, we show coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulations demonstrating self-assembly of hexagonal/triangular nanoplates via complementary interactions into faceted, sponge-like "bicontinuous polyhedra" (or infinite polyhedra) whose flat walls partition space into a pair of mutually interpenetrating labyrinths...
August 1, 2023: ACS Nano
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yangyang Sun, Fernando A Escobedo
Bolapolyphiles constitute a versatile class of materials with a demonstrated potential to form a wide variety of complex ordered mesophases. In particular, cubic network phases (like the gyroid, primitive, and diamond phases) have been a target of many studies for their ability to create percolating 3D nanosized channels. In this study, molecular simulations are used to explore the phase behavior of bolapolyphiles containing a rigid rodlike core, associating hydrophilic core ends and a hydrophobic side chain with a multident architecture, i...
July 25, 2023: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Drew Lysne, Tim Hachigian, Chris Thachuk, Jeunghoon Lee, Elton Graugnard
DNA strand displacement networks are a critical part of dynamic DNA nanotechnology and are proven primitives for implementing chemical reaction networks. Precise kinetic control of these networks is important for their use in a range of applications. Among the better understood and widely leveraged kinetic properties of these networks are toehold sequence, length, composition, and location. While steric hindrance has been recognized as an important factor in such systems, a clear understanding of its impact and role is lacking...
July 24, 2023: Journal of the American Chemical Society
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ann N Nguyen, Prajkta Mane, Lindsay P Keller, Laurette Piani, Yoshinari Abe, Jérôme Aléon, Conel M O'D Alexander, Sachiko Amari, Yuri Amelin, Ken-Ichi Bajo, Martin Bizzarro, Audrey Bouvier, Richard W Carlson, Marc Chaussidon, Byeon-Gak Choi, Nicolas Dauphas, Andrew M Davis, Tommaso Di Rocco, Wataru Fujiya, Ryota Fukai, Ikshu Gautam, Makiko K Haba, Yuki Hibiya, Hiroshi Hidaka, Hisashi Homma, Peter Hoppe, Gary R Huss, Kiyohiro Ichida, Tsuyoshi Iizuka, Trevor R Ireland, Akira Ishikawa, Shoichi Itoh, Noriyuki Kawasaki, Noriko T Kita, Kouki Kitajima, Thorsten Kleine, Shintaro Komatani, Alexander N Krot, Ming-Chang Liu, Yuki Masuda, Kevin D McKeegan, Mayu Morita, Kazuko Motomura, Frédéric Moynier, Izumi Nakai, Kazuhide Nagashima, David Nesvorný, Larry Nittler, Morihiko Onose, Andreas Pack, Changkun Park, Liping Qin, Sara S Russell, Naoya Sakamoto, Maria Schönbächler, Lauren Tafla, Haolan Tang, Kentaro Terada, Yasuko Terada, Tomohiro Usui, Sohei Wada, Meenakshi Wadhwa, Richard J Walker, Katsuyuki Yamashita, Qing-Zhu Yin, Tetsuya Yokoyama, Shigekazu Yoneda, Edward D Young, Hiroharu Yui, Ai-Cheng Zhang, Tomoki Nakamura, Hiroshi Naraoka, Takaaki Noguchi, Ryuji Okazaki, Kanako Sakamoto, Hikaru Yabuta, Masanao Abe, Akiko Miyazaki, Aiko Nakato, Masahiro Nishimura, Tatsuaki Okada, Toru Yada, Kasumi Yogata, Satoru Nakazawa, Takanao Saiki, Satoshi Tanaka, Fuyuto Terui, Yuichi Tsuda, Sei-Ichiro Watanabe, Makoto Yoshikawa, Shogo Tachibana, Hisayoshi Yurimoto
Preliminary analyses of asteroid Ryugu samples show kinship to aqueously altered CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites, suggesting similar origins. We report identification of C-rich, particularly primitive clasts in Ryugu samples that contain preserved presolar silicate grains and exceptional abundances of presolar SiC and isotopically anomalous organic matter. The high presolar silicate abundance (104 ppm) indicates that the clast escaped extensive alteration. The 5 to 10 times higher abundances of presolar SiC (~235 ppm), N-rich organic matter, organics with N isotopic anomalies (1...
July 14, 2023: Science Advances
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
N L R Rajeswari Salumuri, N Dhanamjaya Rao Edupuganti, Sandeep Kumar Kudipudi, Leela Praveen Kandikuppa, Pavan Kumar Medisetty, Abraham Jaydeep Veeravalli
Ulindakonda vent agglomerate of Neo-archean Gadwal Greenstone Belt in the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC), is located partly in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh and partly in Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana state, India. Trachyandesite occurs as matrix of the agglomerate and at some places it exhibits massive and interbedded nature with granodiorite that mainly occurs as sub-rounded clasts in the agglomerate reflecting magma mixing and mingling. The rock is dotted with small dark specks of a ferromagnesian mineral which often shows a well-developed cleavage surface...
June 2023: Data in Brief
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter Hoppe, Martin Rubin, Kathrin Altwegg
Comets are considered the most primitive planetary bodies in our Solar System. ESA's Rosetta mission to Jupiter family comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/CG) has provided a wealth of isotope data which expanded the existing data sets on isotopic compositions of comets considerably. In a previous paper (Hoppe et al. in Space Sci. Rev. 214:106, 2018) we reviewed the results for comet 67P/CG from the first four years of data reduction after arrival of Rosetta at the comet in August 2014 and discussed them in the context of respective meteorite data...
2023: Space Science Reviews
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kashif Inayat, Fahad Bin Muslim, Javed Iqbal, Syed Agha Hassnain Mohsan, Hend Khalid Alkahtani, Samih M Mostafa
Systolic arrays are an integral part of many modern machine learning (ML) accelerators due to their efficiency in performing matrix multiplication that is a key primitive in modern ML models. Current state-of-the-art in systolic array-based accelerators mainly target area and delay optimizations with power optimization being considered as a secondary target. Very few accelerator designs directly target power optimizations and that too using very complex algorithmic modifications that in turn result in a compromise in the area or delay performance...
April 26, 2023: Sensors
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kay Hutchinson, Ian Reyes, Zongyu Li, Homa Alemzadeh
PURPOSE: We propose a formal framework for the modeling and segmentation of minimally invasive surgical tasks using a unified set of motion primitives (MPs) to enable more objective labeling and the aggregation of different datasets. METHODS: We model dry-lab surgical tasks as finite state machines, representing how the execution of MPs as the basic surgical actions results in the change of surgical context, which characterizes the physical interactions among tools and objects in the surgical environment...
May 5, 2023: International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery
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REVIEW
Khurram Shahzad, Tanveer Zia, Emad-Ul-Haq Qazi
The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a growing aspect of how entities, including humans and organizations, are likely to connect with others in their public and private interactions. The exponential rise in the number of IoT devices, resulting from ever-growing IoT applications, also gives rise to new opportunities for exploiting potential security vulnerabilities. In contrast to conventional cryptosystems, frameworks that incorporate fine-grained access control offer better opportunities for protecting valuable assets, especially when the connectivity level is dense...
October 6, 2022: Sensors
#17
REVIEW
Sundeep Kumar, Sherry R Jacob, Reyazul Rouf Mir, V K Vikas, Pawan Kulwal, Tilak Chandra, Satinder Kaur, Uttam Kumar, Suneel Kumar, Shailendra Sharma, Ravinder Singh, Sai Prasad, Anju Mahendru Singh, Amit Kumar Singh, Jyoti Kumari, M S Saharan, Subhash Chander Bhardwaj, Manoj Prasad, Sanjay Kalia, Kuldeep Singh
Wheat is one of the major staple cereal food crops in India. However, most of the wheat-growing areas experience several biotic and abiotic stresses, resulting in poor quality grains and reduced yield. To ensure food security for the growing population in India, there is a compelling need to explore the untapped genetic diversity available in gene banks for the development of stress-resistant/tolerant cultivars. The improvement of any crop lies in exploring and harnessing the genetic diversity available in its genetic resources in the form of cultivated varieties, landraces, wild relatives, and related genera...
2022: Frontiers in Genetics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fangbo Qin, De Xu, Blake Hannaford, Tiantian Hao
Vision measurement is important for intelligent systems to obtain the precise structural and spatial information of objects. Beyond the object-specific vision measurement developed for fixed object type, it is appealing to explore the object-agnostic vision measurement, which can be efficiently reconfigured and adapted to various novel objects. This article proposes a framework to mimic the human's versatile visual measurement behavior: extract a set of contour primitives of interest (CPIs) from an image, then utilize the CPIs to calculate the key geometric information...
July 7, 2022: IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elshad Allahyarov, Hartmut Löwen, Alan R Denton
We explore structural correlations of strongly asymmetric mixtures of binary charged colloids within the primitive model of electrolytes considering large charge and size ratios of 10 and higher. Using computer simulations with explicit microions, we obtain the partial pair correlation functions between the like-charged colloidal macroions. Interestingly the big-small correlation peak amplitude is smaller than that of the big-big and small-small macroion correlation peaks, which is unfamiliar for additive repulsive interactions...
June 29, 2022: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics: PCCP
#20
REVIEW
Thomas Miedaner, Viktor Korzun, Peer Wilde
Hybrid rye breeding leads to considerably higher grain yield and a higher revenue to the farmer. The basis of hybrid seed production is the CMS-inducing Pampa (P) cytoplasm derived from an Argentinean landrace and restorer-to-fertility ( Rf ) genes. European sources show an oligogenic inheritance, with major and minor Rf genes, and mostly result in low-to-moderate pollen-fertility levels. This results in higher susceptibility to ergot ( Claviceps purpurea ) because rye pollen and ergot spores are in strong competition for the unfertilized stigma...
April 20, 2022: Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
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