Late effects of cancer therapy

PURPOSE OF STUDY: The objective of this research is to present our firsthand experience and provide up-to-date data for the further study of cases involving simultaneous breast irradiation using helical Tomotherapy, ©Accuray Inc. METHODS: The radical treatment options for bilateral breast cancer are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Being that radiotherapy for bilateral breast cancer is challenging due to limitations in the geometry of modern radiotherapy equipment, helical Tomotherapy was chosen as an appropriate technique of irradiation...

BACKGROUND: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors may benefit from routine screening for post-transplant complications. However, the impact of formal survivorship efforts to promote screening adherence is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of a formal HCT Survivorship Program to promote screening adherence METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of an academic formal HCT Survivorship Program with primary and specialty consult components...

Liquid biopsy is a noninvasive diagnostic technique used for monitoring cancer utilizing specific genetic biomarkers present in bodily fluids, such as blood, saliva, or urine. These analyses employ multiple biomolecular sources including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and exosomes (that contain DNA fragments) to detect genetic biomarkers that can predict, disclose, and/or monitor cancers. Levels of these biomarkers can inform on the presence of cancer, its genetic characteristics, and its potential treatment response and also provide predictive genetic predisposition information for specific cancers including oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC)...

BACKGROUND: Between 2012 and 2015 we conducted a randomized controlled trial in prostate cancer patients comparing weekly 2-D portal imaging versus daily 3-D verification. AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of image guided radiotherapy by presenting rectal and urinary side effects, health related quality of life and progression free survival after 5-years follow up of a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: We randomized 260 men with intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer to weekly 2-D portal imaging with 15 mm margin from CTV to PTV (Arm A) or daily 3-D cone-beam computer tomography with 7 mm margins (Arm B)...

BACKGROUND: Urine kidney injury biomarkers measured during cisplatin therapy may identify patients at risk for adverse subsequent kidney outcomes. We examined relationships between tubular injury biomarkers collected early (early visit [EV]: first or second cisplatin cycle) and late (late visit [LV]: last or second-last cisplatin cycle) during cisplatin therapy, with 3-month post-cisplatin chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Applying Biomarkers to Minimize Long-Term Effects of Childhood/Adolescent Cancer Treatment Nephrotoxicity Study: twelve-center prospective cohort study of 159 children receiving cisplatin...

AIMS: Approximately 55% of patients diagnosed with primary or metastatic cancer endure pain directly attributable to the disease. Consequently, it becomes imperative to address pain management through a comparative analysis of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) and conventional radiation therapy (CRT), especially in light of the less efficacious improvement achieved solely through pharmacological interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic exploration was undertaken on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Elsevier's ScienceDirect databases to identify studies that compare Stereotactic Radiotherapy to Conventional radiation therapy for pain management in individuals with metastatic bone cancer...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in long-term testicular cancer (TC) survivors. METHODS: QoL was assessed in TC survivors treated between March 1976 and December 2004 (n = 625) using the EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire, including a TC module. The assessment was performed at two time points (2006: response rate: n = 201/625 (32.2%), median follow-up (FU): 12.9 years (range 1.1-30.9); 2017: response rate: n = 95/201 (47...

BACKGROUND: Recent data found a correlation between lymphopenia occurring early during craniospinal radiation therapy (RT) and risk of disease recurrence in newly diagnosed childhood medulloblastoma. However, the population included patients who received chemotherapy prior to or during RT. Here, we investigate the effect of lymphopenia during RT in patients with newly diagnosed pediatric medulloblastoma who were chemotherapy-naïve. PROCEDURE: We analyzed 79 patients with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma (ages 2-21 years) treated between 1997 and 2013 with craniospinal RT...

BACKGROUND: The improved outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) over the last decades has increased the importance of assessing late effects and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), particularly when evaluating and comparing outcomes in clinical trials. This study aimed to assess HRQoL in children treated for ALL according to the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol. PROCEDURE: Children, aged 1 to less than 18 years at diagnosis, alive in first remission, and their parents, were asked to complete PedsQL 4...

Cryotherapy is an ablative therapy that can be used to treat localized prostate cancer. In case of recurrence, treatment options are not well-defined, and their outcomes are unknown. We therefore collected all patients treated with radiotherapy after cryotherapy for prostate cancer recurrence in Nantes (France) between 2012 and 2019. We identified ten patients. After a median follow-up of 5 years, two patients presented late grade 3 toxicities; one patient presented a grade 3 rectal hemorrhage, and one had a grade 3 hematuria...

PURPOSE: To assess information and communication priorities of patients and healthcare professionals in Shared Decision Making about adjuvant systemic treatment of primary breast cancer and identify key decision-relevant information accordingly. METHODS: Patients (N = 122) and professionals working with breast cancer patients (N = 118), of whom 38 were nurse practitioners and 32 nurses, were recruited using convenience sampling, and surveyed about information/communication aspects key to decision-making, using ranking assignments...

BACKGROUND: Intratumorally delivered immunotherapies have the potential to favorably alter the local tumor microenvironment and may stimulate systemic host immunity, offering an alternative or adjunct to other local and systemic treatments. Despite their potential, these therapies have had limited success in late-phase trials for advanced cancer resulting in few formal approvals. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a panel of experts to determine how to design clinical trials with the greatest chance of demonstrating the benefits of intratumoral immunotherapy for patients with cancers across all stages of pathogenesis...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy with very low survival rates. Over the past 50 years, improvements in PDAC survival have significantly lagged behind the progress made in other cancers. PDAC's dismal prognosis is due to typical late-stage diagnosis combined with lack of effective treatments and complex mechanisms of disease. We propose that improvements in survival are partly hindered by the current focus on largely modelling and targeting PDAC as one disease, despite it being heterogeneous...

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare interstitial pneumonia with distinct clinicopathologic features. It has been associated with exposure to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and classical alkylating agents. Here, we highlight PPFE as a late complication of childhood cancer therapy by describing the cases of four survivors of childhood cancer with a diagnosis of treatment-related PPFE. All patients received high-dose alkylating agents. PPFE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of restrictive lung disease in patients with history of exposure to alkylating agents or HSCT...

Nisin A is a lantibiotic bacteriocin typically produced by strains of Lactococcus lactis. This bacteriocin has been approved as a natural food preservative since the late 1980s and shows antimicrobial activity against a range of food-borne spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. The therapeutic potential of nisin A has also been explored increasingly both in human and veterinary medicine. Nisin has been shown to be effective in treating bovine mastitis, dental caries, cancer, and skin infections. Recently, it was demonstrated that nisin has an affinity for the same receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 to enter human cells and was proposed as a blocker of the viral infection...

Radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used for the treatment of prostate cancer, with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and proton beam therapy (PBT) being the utilized modalities. This case report outlines the treatment course of a recurrent prostate cancer lesion in the right perineal musculature managed with proton therapy following IMRT. A 64-year-old Japanese man, diagnosed with prostate cancer and categorized as high risk according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, underwent six months of androgen deprivation therapy, which included bicalutamide and degarelix acetate...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer requires evaluating treatment plans using dosimetric and biological parameters. Considering radiation dose distribution and tissue response, healthcare professionals can optimize treatment plans for better outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the different Dose Calculation Algorithms (DCAs) and Biologically Model-Related Parameters (BMRPs) on the prediction of cardiopulmonary complications due to left breast radiotherapy...

OBJECTIVE: As craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is delivered more frequently by helical tomotherapy (HT) with few reports about late effects, we analysed all patients treated in our centre over an 11-year period. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Our study included all patients that underwent CSI by HT, between September 2009 and January 2020, in the Department of Radiation Oncology of the Toulouse Cancer Institute. Acute radiotherapy toxicities were reported and medium- to long-term outcomes analysed...

INTRODUCTION: The currently accepted best practice radiation treatment for left breast cancer patients is Deep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) where patients hold a deep breath to reduce late cardiac and pulmonary effects from treatment. DIBH can be challenging and induce or exacerbate anxiety in patients due to the perceived pressure to reduce radiation treatment side effects. This study explored the experiences of patients treated with Deep Inspiration Breath Hold Radiation Therapy (DIBH-RT) to improve patient-centred care and inform the design of multimedia educational tools for future patients undergoing DIBH...

BACKGROUND: Tempol is a redox-cycling nitroxide considered a potent antioxidant. The present study investigated the tempol effects on oxidative stress and mitochondrial markers on prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: PC-3 and LnCaP cells were exposed to tempol. Cell viability test, western blot and Amplex Red analyses were performed. In vivo, five experimental groups evaluated tempol effects in the early (CT12 and TPL12 groups) and late stages (CT20, TPL20-I, and TLP20-II) of PCa development...