Dysglycemia

This single-center observational cohort study aimed to assess the potential benefits of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK) in terms of mortality and kidney graft outcomes in Japanese individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). We first compared all-cause mortality rates between 78 SPK recipients and 108 non-transplanted individuals with T1D and ESKD. To mitigate the bias stemming from immortal time before receiving SPK, we utilized Cox regression models treating SPK as a time-dependent covariate...

AIM: From an early age, exercise is key to managing type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, hypoglycemia around aerobic exercise is a major barrier to physical activity in children. We explore whether intermittent high-intensity aerobic exercise (IHE), designed to mimic spontaneous childhood physical activity patterns, offers better protection against glycemic drop than continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME). METHODS: Five boys and 7 girls with T1D (9.8 ± 1...

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device adoption in non- and pre-diabetics for preventive healthcare has uncovered a paucity of benchmarking data on glycemic control and insulin resistance for the high-risk Indian/South Asian demographic. Furthermore, the correlational efficacy between digital applications-derived health scores and glycemic indices lacks clear supportive evidence. In this study, we acquired glycemic variability (GV) using the Ultrahuman (UH) M1 CGM, and activity metrics via the Fitbit wearable for Indians/South Asians with normal glucose control (non-diabetics) and those with pre-diabetes (N = 53 non-diabetics, 52 pre-diabetics) for 14 days...

Over the years, several international guidelines have been developed by specialist organizations for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, these guidelines vary and lack consensus on what level of glycemia defines GDM and worryingly, there is now evidence of over- or- under-diagnosis of women with GDM by current criteria. Towards this end, the National Priorities Research Program (NPRP) funded a program of research aimed at elucidating the problem with GDM diagnosis. It was determined, on completion of the project, that the solution required diagnosis of graded levels of dysglycemia in pregnancy and not just a diagnosis of presence or absence of GDM...

BACKGROUND: We evaluated changes in glycemic status, over 1 year, of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors with dysglycemia in acute COVID-19. METHODS: COVID-19 survivors who had dysglycemia (defined by glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] 5.7% to 6.4% or random glucose ≥10.0 mmol/L) in acute COVID-19 were recruited from a major COVID-19 treatment center from September to October 2020. Matched non-COVID controls were recruited from community. The 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed at baseline (6 weeks after acute COVID-19) and 1 year after acute COVID-19, with HbA1c, insulin and C-peptide measurements...

CONTEXT: A subset of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) individuals also have type 2 diabetes (T2D); an unmet need to identify this subgroup exists. OBJECTIVE: We looked at the potential role of serum chemerin, a proinflammatory adipokine, in identifying dysglycemic PCOS. METHODS: A total of 93 PCOS and 33 healthy controls were classified, based on fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose levels (2hPGPG) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ) (%) into normoglycemic (n = 34), dysglycemic (n = 33), and T2D (n = 26)...

Previous research has indicated that liver androgen receptors may play a role in modulating disease. This study aims to investigate the pathophysiology of high-fat diet (HFD) induced dysglycemia in male and female liver androgen receptor knockout (LivARKO) mice. We performed metabolic tests on LivARKO female and male mice fed a HFD or a control diet (from Research Diets Inc.) during months 1 or 2 after starting the diet. Additionally, we performed Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR analysis on the livers of the mice to examine intermediates in the insulin signaling pathway...

INTRODUCTION: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by an absolute insulin deficiency requiring the lifetime intensive insulin therapy accompanied by daily self-monitoring, self-management, ongoing education, and complex diabetes care. Regular patient-clinician shared therapeutic decisions based on age, sex, comorbidities, medications, predicted impact of meals, physical activity, stress, hormonal changes, insulin therapy, and patterns of glycemic changes are key for achieving glycemic targets...

Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of T cells in insulin-sensitive tissues, including the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), that can interfere with the insulin signaling pathway eventually leading to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Here, we found that PD-1+ CD4 conventional T (Tconv) cells, endowed with a transcriptomic and functional profile of partially dysfunctional cells, are diminished in VAT of obese patients with dysglycemia (OB-Dys), without a concomitant increase in apoptosis...

INTRODUCTIONS: Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is associated with pulmonary decline, compromised nutritional status, and earlier mortality. Onset is often insidious, so screening for early detection of glycemic abnormalities is important. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been validated in people with CF and has been shown to detect early glycemic variability otherwise missed on 2-hour oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). We previously reported that CGM measures of hyperglycemia and glycemic variability are superior to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in distinguishing those with and without CFRD...

Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7) activation promotes autoimmunity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common comorbidity in patients with autoimmune disease. We previously demonstrated hyperinsulinemia in TLR7 agonist imiquimod (IMQ)-treated, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed female C57BL/6 mice. Since mouse strains differ in susceptibility to MetS and target organ damage, this study investigated whether 12 weeks of exposure to HFD and IMQ promoted MetS, autoimmunity, and target organ damage in female FVB/N mice. Supporting early-stage autoimmunity, spleen-to-tibia ratio, and anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) were significantly increased by IMQ...

BACKGROUND: Although n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may benefit cognitive performance, the association of n-3 PUFA intake with dementia risk under dysglycemia has not been examined. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between fish oil supplement use or fish consumption and dementia risk among older patients with diabetes. METHOD: A total of 16,061 diabetic patients aged over 60 years were followed up in the UK Biobank. Fish oil supplements use (yes or no) was collected by the touch screen questionnaire...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogenous disease, and conventionally, peripheral insulin resistance (IR) was thought to precede islet β-cell dysfunction, promoting progression from prediabetes to T2D. New evidence suggests that T2D-lean individuals experience early β-cell dysfunction without significant IR. Regardless of the primary event (i.e., IR vs. β-cell dysfunction) that contributes to dysglycemia, significant early-onset oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple metabolic tissues may be a driver of T2D onset and progression...

This review addresses the complexities of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and its associated complications, with a particular focus on diabetic retinopathy (DR). This review outlines the progression from non-proliferative to proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema, highlighting the role of dysglycemia in the pathogenesis of these conditions. A significant portion of this review is devoted to technological advances in diabetes management, particularly the use of hybrid closed-loop systems (HCLSs) and to the potential of open-source HCLSs, which could be easily adapted to different patients' needs using big data analytics and machine learning...

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Using structural equation model (SEM) to test a conceptual model of pathways of developing hypertension among dysglycemia (IFG and T2DM) adults in Eastern China, emphasizing the unique mediation effect of insulin resistance and obesity on the relationship between modified/unmodified factors and hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS: Participants with dysglycemia (n = 10,401) were extracted from the survey of Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance in Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province in China...

OBJECTIVE: Erosive hand osteoarthritis (eHOA) is a subtype of hand OA that develops in finger joints with pre-existing osteoarthritis and is differentiated by clinical characteristics (hand pain/disability, inflammation, and erosions) that suggest inflammatory or metabolic processes. METHOD: This was a longitudinal nested case-cohort design among Osteoarthritis Initiative participants who had hand radiographs at baseline and 48-months, and biospecimens collected at baseline...

Metabolic health is characterized by optimal blood glucose, lipids, cholesterol, blood pressure, and adiposity. Alterations in these characteristics may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia. Recent evidence suggests that female reproductive characteristics may be overlooked as risk factors that contribute to later metabolic dysfunction. These reproductive traits include the age at menarche, menstrual irregularity, the development of polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational weight change, gestational dysglycemia and dyslipidemia, and the severity and timing of menopausal symptoms...

AIMS: Patients with adrenal incidentaloma (AI) are at increased risk of impaired glucose metabolism, which is known to be associated with pancreatosteatosis (PS). We aimed to investigate the risk of developing dysglycemia for patients with non-functioning AI (NFAI) versus those without, and whether the presence of PS predicts future dysglycemia in patients with NFAI. METHOD: In 80 patients with NFAI and 127 controls matched for age, sex, and body mass index, changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) were evaluated at 2 years...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Risk of obstructive sleep apnea appears to be increased among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the underlying physiology is unclear. We sought to identify predictors of OSA risk among patients with PCOS. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of patients evaluated for PCOS at a single tertiary center from 2017 to 2022 was completed. Inclusion criteria included: age 18-44, Rotterdam criteria for PCOS, and had completed a Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) for OSA risk assessment...