Discrimination race

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy and precision of continuous overnight oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) measurement by a commercial wrist device (WD) incorporating high-grade sensors, and investigate WD estimation of sleep-disordered breathing by quantifying overnight oxygen desaturation index (ODI) compared to polysomnography (PSG) ODI and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) with and without sleep questionnaire data, to assess WD ability to detect obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and determine its severity...

Traumatic, life-threatening events are experienced commonly among the general U.S. population, yet Black individuals in the United States (i.e., Black Americans) exhibit higher prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and more severe symptoms than other populations. Although empirical research has noted a range of symptom patterns that follow traumatic injury, minimal work has examined the role of racial discrimination in relation to PTSD symptom trajectories. The current study assessed racial discrimination and PTSD symptom trajectories at 6 months postinjury across two separate samples of traumatically injured Black Americans (i...

The pervasive effects of structural racism and racial discrimination are well-established and offer strong evidence that the effects of many important variables on health and life outcomes vary by race. Alarmingly, standard practices for statistical regression analysis introduce racial biases into the estimation and presentation of these race-modified effects. We introduce abundance-based constraints (ABCs) to eliminate these racial biases. ABCs offer a remarkable invariance property: estimates and inference for main effects are nearly unchanged by the inclusion of race-modifiers...

Background Accurate identification of individuals at risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) may improve clinical care. Nelson et al developed prediction equations to estimate the risk of incident eGFR of less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2 in diabetic and non-diabetes patients using data from 34 multinational cohorts. We aim to validate the non-diabetes equation in our local multi-ethnic cohort and develop further prediction models. Methods Demographics, clinical and laboratory data of hypertensive non-diabetes patients with baseline eGFR ≥60ml/min/1...

PURPOSE: This study aims to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social determinants of health (SDOH) of marginalized racial/ethnic US population groups, specifically African Americans and Asians, by leveraging natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) techniques on race-related spatiotemporal social media text data. Specifically, this study establishes the extent to which Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Gibbs Sampling Dirichlet Multinomial Mixture (GSDMM)-based topic modeling determines social determinants of health (SDOH) categories, and how adequately custom named-entity recognition (NER) detects key SDOH factors from a race/ethnicity-related Reddit data corpus...

BACKGROUND: Several systems of oppression combine in complex ways to impact the lives of minority populations. Following an intersectionality framework, we assessed the frequency and perceived reasons for discrimination among gay, bisexual, and other cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender and non-binary individuals (TGNB), stratified by race. METHODS: Online survey among MSM and TGNB ≥18 years living in Brazil, between November/2021 and January/2022...

The vaginal microbiome differs by race and contributes to inflammation by directly producing or consuming metabolites or by indirectly inducing host immune response, but its potential contributions to ovarian cancer (OC) disparities remain unclear. In this exploratory cross-sectional study, we examine whether vaginal fluid metabolites differ by race among patients with OC, if they are associated with systemic inflammation, and if such associations differ by race. Study participants were recruited from the Ovarian Cancer Epidemiology, Healthcare Access, and Disparities Study between March 2021 and September 2022...

RATIONALE: The European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommend using z-scores, and the ATS has recommended using Global Lung Initiative (GLI)- "Global" race-neutral reference equations for spirometry interpretation. However, these recommendations have been variably implemented and the impact has not been widely assessed, both in clinical and research settings. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the ERS/ATS airflow obstruction severity classification...

BACKGROUND: Discrimination, or unfair treatment based on individual characteristics such as gender, race, skin color, and or sexual orientation, is a pervasive social stressor that perpetuates health disparities by limiting social and economic opportunity and is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes. AIMS: The purpose of the present study is to (1) examine the association between maternal experiences of discrimination and paternal experiences of discrimination; (2) explore how discrimination relates to parental (maternal and paternal) stress and depressive symptoms; and (3) examine whether social support exerts protective effects...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Race-based medicine, which falsely assumes that race is biological, is common in the published medical literature. We analyzed trends in the use of race in Pediatrics articles over a 75-year period. METHODS: We analyzed a random sample of 50 original research articles published each decade in Pediatrics from 1948 to 2022. RESULTS: Of 375 articles, 39% (n = 147) included race. Among articles, 85% (n = 116) used race only to describe study subjects, 7% (n = 9) described race as a social construct, and 11% (n = 15) described race as a biological construct...

INTRODUCTION: Historical maps of racialized evaluation of mortgage lending risk (i.e., redlined neighborhoods) have been linked to adverse health outcomes. Little research has examined whether living in historically redlined neighborhoods is associated with obesity, differentially by race or gender. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study to examine whether living in historically redlined neighborhoods is associated with BMI and waist circumference among Black and White adults in 1985-1986...

While physical activity (PA) is a strong protective factor for adolescents, many youth experience discrimination and intimidation in traditional fitness spaces. This is especially true for youth of color, youth in larger bodies, and transgender youth. This manuscript describes the development of Move and Thrive, an online resource for PA promotion designed specifically for adolescents prioritizing inclusivity and diversity. Working with Community and Youth Advisory Boards, we developed guiding principles of Move and Thrive: to create resources that are 1) youth and community driven; 2) inclusive of diverse representation; 3) body and weight neutral; 4) trauma informed; and 5) accessible...

Using race and ethnicity in clinical algorithms potentially contributes to health inequities. The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) Professional Practice Committee convened the ASBMR Task Force on Clinical Algorithms for Fracture Risk to determine the impact of race and ethnicity adjustment in the US Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (US-FRAX). The Task Force engaged the University of Minnesota Evidence-based Practice Core to conduct a systematic review investigating the performance of US-FRAX for predicting incident fractures over 10 years in Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White individuals...

OBJECTIVES: Increased sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBI) testing can reduce the burden of disease among Two-Spirit, gay, bisexual, transgender, and other queer Black, Indigenous, people of colour (2SGBTQ+ BIPOC). However, this population encounters barriers, such as discrimination, when accessing in-person STBBI testing services. Digital STBBI testing, such as self-testing/collection kits ordered online and digital requisitions, may address some of these barriers...

OBJECTIVES: Ethnic-racial socialization, or the process by which parents teach their children about race and racism, is often protective for racially minoritized children. However, these processes typically focus on belonging to one's own racialized group. The present work examines whether and when Black and Asian parents might discuss race and racism as it relates to other racially minoritized groups. METHOD: The sample includes 91 parents (54.9% Black, 45.1% Asian; 47...

OBJECTIVE: Although rates of weight discrimination are on-par with racial, ethnic, and gender discrimination, comparatively less work has examined impacts of weight-based discrimination in youth, including on disordered eating. Knowing whether experiences of weight-based discrimination, including in youth with multiply-marginalized identities, are associated with disordered eating could identify vulnerable youth and inform intervention efforts. METHOD: Youth (N = 11,875) ages 10-11 were recruited through the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study...

BACKGROUND: There are few research findings on the survival prognosis of spindle cell melanoma (SCM), which is an unusual kind of melanoma. The purpose of this study was to develop a thorough nomogram for predicting the overall survival (OS) of patients with SCM and to assess its validity by comparing it with the conventional American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was searched, and 2,015 patients with SCM were selected for the analysis...

BACKGROUND: Postural instability and brain white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are both noted markers of normal aging and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Here, we questioned what variables contribute to sway path/WMH relations in individuals with AUD and healthy control participants. METHOD: The data comprised 404 balance platform sessions, yielding sway path length and MRI acquired cross-sectionally or longitudinally, in 102 control and 158 AUD participants, ages 25-80 years...

Artificial intelligence is already all around us, and its usage will only increase. Knowing its capabilities is critical. A facial recognition system (FRS) is a tool for law enforcement during suspect searches and when presenting photos to eyewitnesses for identification. However, there are no comparisons between eyewitness and FRS accuracy using video, so it is unknown whether FRS face matches are more accurate than eyewitness memory when identifying a perpetrator. Ours is the first application of artificial intelligence to an eyewitness experience, using a comparative psychology approach...

Chronic musculoskeletal pain including knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Previous research indicates ethnic-race groups differ in the pain and functional limitations experienced with knee OA. However, when socioenvironmental factors are included in analyses, group differences in pain and function wane. Pain-related brain structures are another area where ethnic-race group differences have been observed. Environmental and sociocultural factors e.g., income, education, experiences of discrimination, and social support influence brain structures...