PM1

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) leads to kinds of cardiopulmonary diseases, such as asthma, COPD, arrhythmias, lung cancer, etc., which are related to PM-induced inflammation. We have found that PM2.5 (aerodynamics diameter <2.5 µm) exposure induces inflammatory response both in vivo and in vitro. Since the toxicity of PM is tightly associated with its size and components, PM1 (aerodynamics diameter <1.0 µm) is supposed to be more toxic than PM2.5 . However, the mechanism of PM1 -induced inflammation is not clear...

Background: Dolutegravir (DTG) is an integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI) used for treatment of HIV-infected individuals. Due to its high genetic barrier to resistance, DTG has been clinically investigated as maintenance monotherapy to maintain viral suppression and to reduce complication and healthcare costs. Our study aims to explain the underlying mechanism related to the emergence of a S230R substitution in patients who experienced virological failure while using DTG monotherapy...

BACKGROUND: Health effects of air pollution on diabetes have been scarcely studied in developing countries. We aimed to explore the associations of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants with diabetes prevalence and glucose-homoeostasis markers in China. METHODS: Between April 1 and Dec 31, 2009, we recruited a total of 15 477 participants aged 18-74 years using a random number generator and a four-staged, stratified and cluster sampling strategy from a large cross-sectional study (the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study) from three cities in Liaoning province, northeastern China...

Public exposure to significantly elevated levels of particulate matter (PM) as a result of major fires at industrial sites is a worldwide problem. Our paper describes how the United Kingdom developed its Air Quality in Major Incidents (AQinMI) service to provide fire emission plume concentration data for use by managers at the time of the incident and to allow an informed public health response. It is one of the first civilian services of its type anywhere in the world. Based on the involvement of several of the authors in the AQinMI service, we describe the service's function, detail the nature of fires covered by the service, and report for the first time on the concentration ranges of PM to which populations may be exposed in major incident fires...

BACKGROUND: With the rising prevalence of allergic rhinitis, the utility of indoor environmental management deserves increasing scrutiny. This research aims at evaluating the ability of air purifiers to be a therapy of allergic rhinitis. METHODS: 32 subjects (25±13.5 years old) diagnosed with allergic rhinitis were selected and HEPA air purifiers placed in their bedrooms for 4 months. Before the intervention and each month, dust samples were collected with a vacuum cleaner and the dust collector assessed for allergen content...

Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter that is stored in vesicles located in the presynaptic terminal. Glutamate is transported into vesicles via the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT). In the present study, the age‑associated changes of the major VGLUTs, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, in the hippocampus were investigated, based on immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis at postnatal month 1 (PM1; adolescent), PM6, PM12 (adult group), PM18 and PM24 (the aged groups). VGLUT1 immunoreactivity was primarily detected in the mossy fibers, Schaffer collaterals and stratum lacunosum‑moleculare...

PM1 and PM10 samples collected in the urban center of Elche during two years were analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence in order to determine the concentrations of the following metals: K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr and Ba. The influence of traffic and Saharan dust intrusions on PM levels and metal content was studied in this work. The results indicate that the coarse fraction was affected more by variations in traffic intensity than the submicron fraction. The concentrations of Ca, commonly used as a tracer of road dust, showed the highest decreases during the weekends due to the reduction in traffic-induced resuspension...

The aim of this study was to unravel the genetic determinants responsible for multidrug (including carbapenems) resistance and virulence in a clinical isolate of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae by whole-genome sequencing and comparative analyses. Eighty-three clinical isolates initially identified as carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae were collected from nosocomial infections in southeast Brazil. After RAPD screening, the KPC-142 isolate, showing the most divergent DNA pattern, was selected for complete genome sequencing in an Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument...

Little evidence exists about the effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to determine the association between long-term ambient air pollution and MetS in China. A total of 15,477 adults who participated in the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study (33CCHS) in 2009 were evaluated. MetS was defined based on the recommendation by the Joint Interim Societies. Exposure to air pollutants was assessed using data from monitoring stations and a spatial statistical model (including particles with diameters ≤ 1...

The patient was a 68-year-old man who underwent Hartmann's procedure for a fistula due to rectal cancer in August 2012. The cancer was tub2>tub1, pSE, pN2, pH2, pM1(intrapulmonary metastasis), stage IV. The patient received 5 courses of FOLFOX and bevacizumab as adjuvant chemotherapy. In December 2012, the patient was seen by Otolaryngology for hoarseness. A neck examination revealed induration of the left lobe of the thyroid, and FNA biopsy strongly suggested metastasis of rectal cancer to the thyroid. FDG-PET was performed and revealed extensive accumulation of FDG at the same site...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the change in the soft tissue profile following extraction orthodontic treatment with either first or second premolar extractions. METHODS: This was a retrospective clinical study of 81 consecutive orthodontic patients treated with extraction of four premolars. Patients were divided into two treatment groups according to whether four first premolar teeth (PM1 treatment group, n=48) or four second premolar teeth were removed (PM2 treatment group, n=33) during treatment...

The goal of the work was to investigate the concentrations of the 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) bound to submicrometer particles (particulate matter, PM1 ) suspended in the air of university teaching rooms and in the atmospheric air outside. Two teaching rooms were selected in two Polish cities, Gliwice, southern Poland, and Warsaw, central Poland, differing with regard to the ambient concentrations and major sources of PM and PAH. The variabilities of indoor and outdoor 24-hr concentrations of PM1 -bound PAH, the ratio (I/O) of the indoor to outdoor 24-hr concentrations of PM1 -bound PAH, probable sources of PAH and the level of the hazard from the mixture of the 16 PAH (ΣPAH) to humans at both sites were analyzed...

Urban ambient air samples, including gas-phase (PUF), total suspended particulates (TSP), PM10 , PM2.5 and PM1 airborne particle fractions were collected to evaluate gas-particle partitioning and size particle distribution of traditional and novel halogenated flame retardants. Simultaneously, passive air samplers (PAS) were deployed in the same location. Analytes included 33 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153), hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), dechloranes (Dec 602, 603, 604, 605 or Dechorane plus (DP)) and chlordane plus (CP)...

Beijing, the capital of China, suffers from severe atmospheric aerosol pollution; nevertheless, a comprehensive study of the constituents and sources of PM1 is still lacking, and the differences between PM1 and PM2.5 are still unclear. In this study, an intensive observation was conducted to reveal the pollution characteristics of PM1 and PM2.5 in Beijing in autumn. Positive matrix factorization (PMF), backward trajectories and a potential source contribution function (PSCF) model were used to identify the source categories and source areas of PM1 and PM2...

Household air pollution is considered to be among the top environmental risks in China. To examine the performance of improved stoves for reduction of indoor particulate matter (PM) emission and exposure in rural households, individual inhalation exposure to size-resolved PM was investigated using personal portable samplers carried by residents using wood gasifier stoves or improved coal stoves in a rural county in Central China. Concentrations of PM with different sizes in stationary indoor and outdoor air were also monitored at paired sites...

In this study, we performed a highly time-resolved chemical characterization of non-refractory submicron particles (NR-PM1) in Beijing by using an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). The results showed the average NR-PM1 mass concentration to be 56.4±58.0μg/m3, with a peak at 307.4μg/m3. Due to the high frequency of biomass burning in autumn, submicron particles significantly increased in organic content, which accounted for 51% of NR-PM1 on average. Secondary inorganic aerosols (sulfate+nitrate+ammonium) accounted for 46% of NR-PM1, of which sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium contributed 15%, 20%, and 11%, respectively...

We report a case of the pancreas head cancer with peritoneal metastasis, which was resected curatively after chemotherapy. A6 6-year-old male was referred to our hospital for the treatment of biliary stenosis. The serum CA19-9 level was elevated and abdominal CT scan showed stenosis of distal bile duct. By laparotomy, we noticed mass in the head of the pancreas with 8mm of the seeding nodule in a diameter at jejunal mesentery which was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma by intraoperative frozen sections. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed as pancreas head cancer with peritoneal metastasis...

A man in his 60s was admitted to our hospital with anemia. An endoscopic examination revealed advanced gastric cancer. CT revealed peri-gastric and para-aortic lymphadenopathy, and a nodular shadow(20mm)in the lower lobe of the right lung. PET-CT revealed abnormal uptake in the para-aortic lymph node and stomach wall and the nodular shadow in the right lung. A bronchoscopy revealed pulmonary adenocarcinoma. From the above, he was diagnosed with gastric cancer(cT4a, cN2, cM1, cStage IV )and lung cancer(cT2a, cN0, cM0, cStage I B)...

We treated 2 cases ofcolon metastasis ofgastric cancer considered to be caused by different pathway. Case 1 was a 55- year-old male with gastric cancer associated with metastases for lymph node, gallbladder, and liver. Curative surgical treatment of distal gastrectomy, partial hepatectomy, cholecystectomy and lymph node dissection was performed. The final find- ing was, L, Less, Type 3, pT4b(GB), tub2, pN3a(10/20), sP0, CY0, pH1, pM1, Stage IV , R0. Ten months after, ileocecal resection was performed, as a tumor was detected in the cecum...

This study presents the concentration of submicron aerosol (PM1.0 ) collected during November, 2009 to March, 2010 at two road sites near the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi campus. In winter, PM1.0 composed 83% of PM2.5 indicating the dominance of combustion activity-generated particles. Principal component analysis (PCA) proved secondary aerosol formation as a dominant process in enhancing aerosol concentration at a receptor site along with biomass burning, vehicle exhaust, road dust, engine and tire tear wear, and secondary ammonia...