keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547503/revealing-the-genetic-diversity-of-chinese-chlamydia-trachomatis-strains-directly-from-clinical-samples-through-selective-whole-genome-amplification
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wentao Chen, Chuchan Zhou, Xin Su, Xiaona Yin, Weixi Yuan, Chuncai Hu, Wei Zhao
BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection globally. Whole-genome sequencing is essential for molecular Chlamydia surveillance; however, its application is hampered by the pathogen's low abundance in clinical specimens and the expensive, labor-intensive nature of existing enrichment methodologies for Chlamydia. METHODS: We developed a targeted whole-genome amplification tool termed SWTICH, by integrating phi29 DNA polymerase-mediated amplification with meticulously designed primer sets to enrich Chlamydia trachomatis genome, followed by whole-genome sequencing...
March 28, 2024: Journal of Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547492/excess-mortality-calculations-to-assess-the-impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-concepts-and-methodological-issues
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jan P Vandenbroucke, Neil Pearce
We discuss some intriguing methodological aspects of excess mortality analyses, which have been widely used to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe the main ways of presenting excess mortality: as a mortality rate (incidence rate) or as a percentage increase (relative risk or rate ratio). We discuss what should be regarded as the null value of excess mortality (i.e., when countries or regions can be judged as having fared equally well) and when age and sex standardization, adjustment for other determinants of the spread of a pandemic, or both is necessary...
March 28, 2024: American Journal of Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547408/oesophageal-fluoroscopy-when-and-why
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Martina Scharitzer, Peter Pokieser, Olle Ekberg
Oesophageal fluoroscopy is a radiological procedure that uses dynamic recording of the swallowing process to evaluate morphology and function simultaneously, a characteristic not found in other clinical tests. It enables a comprehensive evaluation of the entire upper gastrointestinal tract, from the oropharynx to oesophagogastric bolus transport. The number of fluoroscopies of the oesophagus and the oropharynx has increased in recent decades, while the overall use of gastrointestinal fluoroscopic examinations has declined...
March 28, 2024: British Journal of Radiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547373/application-of-metabolomics-across-the-spectrum-of-pulmonary-and-critical-care-medicine
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Catherine E Simpson, Julie G Ledford, Gang Liu
In recent years, metabolomics, the systematic study of small molecule metabolites in biological samples, has yielded fresh insights into the molecular determinants of pulmonary diseases and critical illness. The purpose of this article is to orient the reader to this emerging field by discussing the fundamental tenets underlying metabolomics research, the tools and techniques that serve as foundational methodologies, and the various statistical approaches to analysis of metabolomics datasets. We present several examples of metabolomics applied to pulmonary and critical care medicine in order to illustrate the potential of this avenue of research to deepen our understanding of pathophysiology...
March 28, 2024: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547367/organocatalyzed-enantio-and-diastereoselective-formal-domino-1-3-dipolar-cycloaddition-rearrangement-synthesis-of-chiral-pyrrolo-thiazine-2-carbaldehydes
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Solai Pandidurai, Venkata Surya Kumar Choutipalli, Venkatesan Subramanian, Govindasamy Sekar
An efficient approach for the synthesis of chiral pyrrolo[1,2- d ][1,4]thiazine-2-carbaldehydes is achieved via formal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition/rearrangement reactions of benzothiazolium salt and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, utilizing an asymmetric organocatalyst. This process results in the formation of fluorescent, highly enantioenriched chiral molecules with three contiguous stereogenic centers, one of which is a chiral quaternary center, with excellent yields and enantio- and diastereoselectivity...
March 28, 2024: Organic Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547348/prevalence-assessment-and-correlates-of-mental-health-problems-in-neglected-tropical-diseases-a-systematic-review
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samuel Adjorlolo, Emma Efua Adimado, Mawuko Setordzi, Vincent Valentine Akorli
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of disease conditions that affect the world's poorest people in low- and middle-income countries. NTDs are associated with negative behavioural experiences, including discrimination, rejection and stigmatization, that predisposes those affected to mental health problems. Consequently, researchers have shown profound interest in elucidating the mental health burden associated with NTDs. To address pertinent issues in the burgeoning literature relating to the prevalence, assessment and correlates of mental health problems in NTDs, a systematic review methodology was used...
March 28, 2024: International Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547205/changes-in-the-intestinal-microbiota-of-individuals-with-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-based-on-sequencing-an-updated-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenpin Cai, Ting Qiu, Weitao Hu, Taiyong Fang
BACKGROUND: Alterations in the composition and abundance of the intestinal microbiota occur in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the results are inconsistent because of differences in the study design, subject area, and sequencing methodology. In this study, we compared the diversity and abundance of the intestinal microbiota of patients with NAFLD and healthy individuals through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) were searched from their inception to March 20, 2023...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547202/design-and-implementation-of-an-intensive-panel-survey-with-refugees-and-other-migrants-in-need-of-protection-in-costa-rica
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abigail Weitzman, Matthew Blanton, Sophie M Morse, Gilbert Brenes Camacho, María José Chaves Groh
Over the last decade, the global population of refugees and other migrants in need of international protection (MNP) has more than doubled. Despite their rapid growth, panel data collection among MNP remains rare, leaving scholars with few data sources to draw on to understand dynamic changes in their social, economic, legal, or health circumstances. With that paucity in mind, we developed and piloted the Encuesta de Refugiados: Experiencias Sociales y Salud (ERESS), a weekly panel survey conducted with MNP living in Costa Rica...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547188/exploring-the-neurofunctional-impairments-and-cognitive-biases-concerning-food-and-body-related-stimuli-in-anorexia-nervosa-an-integrated-eeg-and-eye-tracking-study-protocol
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Panagiotis Loizou, Georgia Panagiotou, Panos Zanos, Evangelos Paraskevopoulos
BACKGROUND: Patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) exhibit significant cognitive and neural disturbances compared to healthy individuals when processing food and body-related stimuli. These disturbances not only contribute to the manifestation and chronification of their pathological eating behaviour but also underscore the complex interplay of cognitive, emotional, and neurobiological factors in AN. However, the precise underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms of these disturbances remain a compelling area of investigation...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547185/perceptions-of-3r-implementation-in-european-animal-research-a-systematic-review-meta-analysis-and-meta-synthesis-of-barriers-and-facilitators
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Edwin Louis-Maerten, Aoife Milford, David M Shaw, Lester D Geneviève, Bernice S Elger
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine how the scientific community in Europe that is involved with research with animals perceives and experiences the implementation of 3R (Replace, Reduce, Refine). METHODS: A systematic search of the literature published in the past ten years was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Publications were screened for eligibility using a priori inclusion criteria, and only empirical evidence (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methodologies) was retained...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547138/safety-and-efficacy-of-antioxidant-therapy-in-children-and-adolescents-with-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-a-systematic-review-and-network-meta-analysis
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peike Zhou, Xiaohui Yu, Tao Song, Xiaoli Hou
OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: Randomized controlled trials and prospective studies on antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with ADHD were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the inception of databases to November 12, 2022. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547136/confirming-the-attainment-of-maximal-oxygen-uptake-within-special-and-clinical-groups-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-cardiopulmonary-exercise-test-and-verification-phase-protocols
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Victor A B Costa, Adrian W Midgley, Julia K Baumgart, Sean Carroll, Todd A Astorino, Gustavo Z Schaun, Guilherme F Fonseca, Felipe A Cunha
BACKGROUND AND AIM: A plateau in oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) during an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to volitional exhaustion appears less likely to occur in special and clinical populations. Secondary maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) criteria have been shown to commonly underestimate the actual [Formula: see text]. The verification phase protocol might determine the occurrence of 'true' [Formula: see text] in these populations. The primary aim of the current study was to systematically review and provide a meta-analysis on the suitability of the verification phase for confirming 'true' [Formula: see text] in special and clinical groups...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547103/focused-deterrence-a-protocol-for-a-realist-multisite-randomised-controlled-trial-for-evaluating-a-violence-prevention-intervention-in-the-uk
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tia Simanovic, Paul McFarlane, Iain Brennan, William Graham, Alex Sutherland
INTRODUCTION: Focused deterrence (FD) is a frequently cited intervention for preventing violence, particularly against violent urban gangs. The Youth Endowment Fund (YEF) believes it could be effective in the UK, based primarily on research conducted in the US. However, we contend that these studies have inadequate methodological designs, lack of rigorous testing, and small sample sizes. Therefore, the evidence supporting focused deterrence as an effective method, particularly outside the US, is inconclusive...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547046/the-use-of-biomarkers-to-quantify-clinical-response-to-total-knee-arthroplasty-interventions-a-systematic-review
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mark Mackie, Kristen I Barton, Darek Sokol-Randell, Brent Lanting
The primary objective of this review was to determine whether the attenuation of the postoperative inflammatory response (PIR) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) leads to a notable improvement in clinical outcome scores. The secondary objective of this review was to determine the optimal approach in using inflammatory biomarkers, clinical inflammatory assessments, and imaging to quantify the PIR. A systematic literature search of eight major databases was conducted using a predetermined search strategy. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), knee surface temperature (KST), and clinical outcome data were collected and graphically displayed...
April 1, 2024: Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global Research & Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547010/academia-industry-collaborations-towards-the-functionalization-of-aryl-azoles
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Simon Wagschal, Diego Broggini
Aryl azoles can be found in numerous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Milvexian is a Factor Xia inhibitor currently in phase III for the treatment of thrombotic events containing an ortho-substituted 1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazole moiety. During the process development of Milvexian, we assessed multiple approaches for the preparation of 4-chloro-1,2,3-triazole, intermediate 1. In this review article, we will detail how we initiated several academic collaborations to speed up the selection of the best synthesis for commercial manufacturing...
March 27, 2024: Chimia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547001/synthesis-of-tetrahydroquinazolines-from-2-aminobenzonitriles-and-alkylidene-malonates-via-1-4-conjugate-addition-and-an-unprecedented-rearrangement-reaction
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bikoshita Porashar, Bipin Kumar Behera, Hunmoina Phukon, Anil K Saikia
An efficient methodology for the synthesis of highly diverse tetrahydroquinazoline scaffolds from 2-aminobenzonitriles and alkylidene malonates via 1,4-conjugate addition followed by an unprecedented rearrangement has been demonstrated. The methodology is further applicable for the synthesis of quinazolines and tetracyclic compounds. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibit photophysical properties.
March 28, 2024: Chemical Communications: Chem Comm
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546838/posture-enhancement-with-cerebellum-transcranial-electrical-stimulation-a-systematic-review-of-current-methods-and-findings
#17
REVIEW
Mostafa Mehraban Jahromi, Přemysl Vlček, Eugen Kvašňák, Marcela Grünerová Lippertová
Recently, transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has gained increasing popularity among researchers, especially for recovery and improvement, but interpretation of these results is difficult due to variations in study methods and outcome measurements. The main goal of this study was to better understand the postural and balance indicators affected by cerebellar tES, as the cerebellum is the main brain region responsible for controlling balance. For this systematic literature review, three databases were searched for articles where the cerebellum was stimulated by any type of tES in either healthy participants or those with neurologic disorders...
March 28, 2024: Experimental Brain Research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation Cérébrale
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546832/effects-of-different-neuraxial-analgesia-modalities-on-the-need-for-physician-interventions-in-labour-a-network-meta-analysis
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lizhong Wang, Jiayue Huang, Xiangyang Chang, Feng Xia
BACKGROUND: Neuraxial labour analgesia can be initiated with epidural (EPL), combined spinal epidural (CSE) or dural puncture epidural (DPE) and maintained with continuous epidural infusion (CEI), patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) or programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB), but the optimal analgesia modality is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of commonly used neuraxial analgesia modalities on the proportion of women needing physician interventions, as defined by the need for physician-administered epidural top-ups for inadequate analgesia in labour...
March 29, 2024: European Journal of Anaesthesiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546802/trends-in-burdens-of-disease-by-transmission-source-usa-2005-2020-and-hazard-identification-for-foods-focus-on-milkborne-disease
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michele M Stephenson, Margaret E Coleman, Nicholas A Azzolina
BACKGROUND: Robust solutions to global, national, and regional burdens of communicable and non-communicable diseases, particularly related to diet, demand interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary collaborations to effectively inform risk analysis and policy decisions. OBJECTIVE: U.S. outbreak data for 2005-2020 from all transmission sources were analyzed for trends in the burden of infectious disease and foodborne outbreaks. METHODS: Outbreak data from 58 Microsoft Access® data tables were structured using systematic queries and pivot tables for analysis by transmission source, pathogen, and date...
March 28, 2024: Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546709/telehealth-evaluation-in-the-united-states-protocol-for-a-scoping-review
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yunxi Zhang, Yueh-Yun Lin, Lincy S Lal, Jennifer C Reneker, Elizabeth G Hinton, Saurabh Chandra, J Michael Swint
BACKGROUND: The rapid expansion of telehealth services, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitates systematic evaluation to guarantee the quality, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of telehealth services and programs in the United States. While numerous evaluation frameworks have emerged, crafted by various stakeholders, their comprehensiveness is limited, and the overall state of telehealth evaluation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The overarching goal of this scoping review is to create a comprehensive overview of telehealth evaluation, incorporating perspectives from multiple stakeholder categories...
March 28, 2024: JMIR Research Protocols
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