Glut-1

In this study, Teucrium polium (TP) methanolic extract, which has antidiabetic activity and protects the β-cells of the pancreas, was loaded in polyethylene oxide/sodium alginate nanofibers by electrospinning and administered sublingually to evaluate their effectiveness in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by cell culture and in vivo studies. The gene expressions of insulin, glucokinase, GLUT-1, and GLUT-2 improved in TP-loaded nanofibers (TPF) on human beta cells 1.1B4 and rat beta cells BRIN-BD11. Fast-dissolving (<120 sec) sublingual TPF exhibited better sustainable anti-diabetic activity than the suspension form, even in the twenty times lower dosage in streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced T2DM rats...

BACKGROUND: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) models based on primary murine, bovine, and porcine brain capillary endothelial cell cultures have long been regarded as robust models with appropriate properties to examine the functional transport of small molecules. However, species differences sometimes complicate translating results from these models to human settings. During the last decade, brain capillary endothelial-like cells (BCECs) have been generated from stem cell sources to model the human BBB in vitro...

Epithelial cancer cells rely on the extracellular matrix (ECM) attachment in order to spread to other organs. Detachment from the ECM is necessary for these cells to seed in other locations. When the attachment to the ECM is lost, cellular metabolism undergoes a significant shift from oxidative metabolism to glycolysis. Additionally, the cancer cells become more dependent on glutaminolysis to avoid a specific type of cell death known as anoikis, which is associated with ECM detachment. In our recent study, we observed increased expression of H3K27me3 demethylases, specifically KDM6A/B, in cancer cells that were resistant to anoikis...

We investigated the whole blood GLUT1 mRNA expression and serum pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fetuin-A, and pentraxin-3 (PTX3) levels in psoriatic patients and tested their correlations with the severity of psoriasis using the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score. Also, we tested the GLUT1 mRNA expression after an in vitro treatment of human skin fibroblast (HSF) cell lines with PEDF. The case-control part of the study recruited 74 participants (44 psoriatic patients and 30 healthy volunteers)...

INTRODUCTION: T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) is a transmembrane molecule first identified as an immunoregulator. This molecule is also expressed on leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia and master cell survival and proliferation. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of TIM-3 interaction with its ligand galectin-9 (Gal-9) on glucose and lipid metabolism in AML cell lines. METHODS: HL-60 and THP-1 cell lines, representing M3 and M5 AML subtypes, respectively, were cultured under appropriate conditions...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease of whole joints with progressive cartilage matrix degradation and chondrocyte transformation. The inflammatory features of OA are reflected in increased synovial levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and VEGF, higher levels of TLR-4 binding plasma proteins and increased expression of IL-15, IL-18, IL-10 and Cox2, in cartilage. Chondrocytes in OA undergo hypertrophic and senescent transition; in these states, the expression of Sox-9, Acan and Col2a1 is suppressed, whereas the expression of RunX2, HIF-2α and MMP-13 is significantly increased...

The interplay between skeletal muscle and bone is primarily mechanical; however, biochemical crosstalk by secreted mediators has recently gained increased attention. The aim of this study was to investigate metabolic effects of conditioned medium from osteoblasts (OB-CM) on myotubes and vice versa. Human skeletal muscle cells incubated with OB-CM showed increased glucose uptake and oxidation, and mRNA expression of the glucose transporter ( GLUT ) 1 , while fatty acid uptake and oxidation, and mRNA expression of the fatty acid transporter CD36 were decreased...

Solute translocation by membrane transport proteins is a vital biological process that can be tracked, on the sub-second timescale, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Fluorinated substrate analogues facilitate such studies because of high sensitivity of 19F NMR and absence of background signals. Accurate extraction of translocation rate constants requires precise quantification of NMR signal intensities. This becomes complicated in the presence of J-couplings, cross-correlations, and nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) that alter signal integrals through mechanisms unrelated to translocation...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory syndrome that can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and life-threatening complications. Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) has been confirmed to be present in half of patients with septic shock, increasing their mortality rate to 70-90%. The pathogenesis of SIMD is complex, and no specific clinical treatment has yet been developed. Caloric restriction mimetics (CRM), compounds that simulate the biochemical and functional properties of CR, can improve cardiovascular injury by activating autophagy...

Recently, precision medicine has attracted much attention in the management of epilepsies, but it remains unclear if the increasingly utilized ketogenic diet approaches can truly be considered precision medicine in all epilepsy treatment. Currently, it is the standard treatment for patients with GLUT1 deficiency and the latest NICE guidelines highlight ketogenic diet as a therapeutic option for multi-drug resistant epilepsy patients. Ketogenic diet is presumed to be a precision medicine tool when applied to the treatment of seizures secondary to GLUT1 transporter deficiency...

von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is characterized by biallelic inactivation of the VHL gene leading to abnormal or absent VHL protein function, and constitutive activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) that leads to pro-tumorigenic signaling. Individuals with VHL disease develop numerous cysts and tumors involving multiple organs including the kidneys, central nervous system, endolymphatic sac, lungs, pancreatobiliary system, adrenal glands, epididymis, and/or broad ligament. On histologic examination, these lesions show morphologic overlap as they are frequently characterized by cells with clear cytoplasm and prominent vascularity...

The expression level of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) is highly correlated with tumor malignancy, making it a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. The detection of GLUT-1 expression level is significant for cancer discovery and valuating the efficacy of drug treatments. However, current methods for GLUT-1 detection primarily rely on traditional techniques. Therefore, the development of anon-destructive in vivo monitoring system would be invaluable for assessing GLUT-1 expression and tumor responses to various drugs...

Metabolic reprogramming is a significant hallmark of cancer that promotes chemoresistance by allowing tumor tissues to adapt to changes in the tumor microenvironment caused by anticancer therapies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common types of primary tumors, is associated with recurrent metabolic reprogramming that maximizes cancer cell growth and proliferation. Herein, we developed metformin (MET)-loaded hyaluronic acid (HA)-derived carbon dots (HA-CD-MET) by a simple and green method with no involvement of any additives...

A 42-day experiment was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of a stimbiotic (STB) and wheat bran (WB) in broiler chickens receiving diets (DT) based on corn or wheat. A total of 960 Cobb 500 male broiler chicks at zero-day old were allocated to 64 pens with 8 treatments, 8 replicates per treatment, and 15 birds per replicate. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 2 × 2 × 2 factorial, with the factors as diet (corn-soybean meal or wheat-soybean meal), STB (with or without), and WB (0 or 50 g/kg)...

Phillip L. Pearl Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 23, Issue 2, May 2016, Pages 158-166 Vitamin-dependent epilepsies and multiple metabolic epilepsies are amenable to treatment that markedly improves the disease course. Knowledge of these amenably treatable severe pediatric epilepsies allows for early identification, testing, and treatment. These disorders present with various phenotypes, including early onset epileptic encephalopathy (refractory neonatal seizures, early myoclonic encephalopathy, and early infantile epileptic encephalop athy), infantile spasms, or mixed generalized seizure types in infancy, childhood, or even adolescence and adulthood...

BACKGROUND: Paediatric Huntington disease with highly expanded mutations (HE-PHD; >80 CAG repeats) presents atypically, compared to adult-onset Huntington disease (AOHD), with neurodevelopmental delay, epilepsy, abnormal brain glucose metabolism, early striatal damage, and reduced lifespan. Since genetic GLUT-1 deficiency syndrome shows a symptom spectrum similar to HE-PHD, we investigated the potential role of the two main glucose transporters, GLUT-1 and GLUT-3, in HE-PHD. METHODS: We compared GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 protein expression in HE-PHD, juvenile-onset (JOHD), and AOHD brains (n = 2; n = 3; n = 6) and periphery (n = 3; n = 2; n = 2) versus healthy adult controls (n = 6; n = 6)...

The present and future high demand of common cereals as corn and wheat encourage the development of feed processing technology that allows for the dietary inclusion of other cereals of low nutritional value in poultry feeding. Barley grains contain anti-nutritional factors that limit their dietary inclusion in the poultry industry. The treatment of barley with solid-state fermentation and exogenous enzymes (FBEs) provides a good alternative to common cereals. In this study, barley grains were subjected to solid-state microbial fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum , Bacillus subtilis and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes...

Bisphenol S (BPS) is an incipient threat for reproductive health augmenting societal burden of infertility worldwide. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of BPS induced testicular dysfunctions and protective actions of melatonin in mice. BPS (150 mg/kg BW) treatment reduced serum T3/T4, testosterone and elevated insulin levels along with adverse effect on thyroid and testicular histoarchitecture. Further, BPS treatment compromised sperm quality, reduced mRNA expression of steroidogenic (StAR/CYP11A1) markers, elevated oxidative load and disrupts metabolic status...

INTRODUCTION: Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is essential for glucose transport into the brain and is predominantly expressed in the cerebral microvasculature. Downregulation of GLUT1 precedes the development of cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative conditions. Surgical trauma induces blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, neuroinflammation, neuronal mitochondria dysfunction, and acute cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that surgery reduces the expression of GLUT1 in the BBB that in turn disrupts its integrity and contributes to metabolic dysregulation in the brain that culminates in postoperative cognitive impairment...

Vanicosides A and B isolated from Reynoutria sachalinensis rhizomes are disaccharide phenylpropanoid esters with proven antioxidant activity. Our earlier study showed the cytotoxic activity of vanicosides against melanoma cells, but the mechanism of cell death has not been elucidated. Based on the chemical structure of vanicosides, we proposed that they may induce cell death by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) into melanoma cells. Moreover, the glucose molecule in their structure can affect the glucose transporters (GLUTs), upregulated in cancer cells...