ESRD microbiota

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widespread health concern, which affects ~9.1% of the global population and 12-15% of individuals in upper-middle income countries. Notably, ~2% of patients with CKD progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which leads to a substantial decline in the quality of life, an increased risk of mortality and significant financial burden. Patients with ESRD often still suffer from uremia and uremic syndromes, due to the accumulation of toxins between dialysis sessions and the inadequate removal of protein-bound toxins during dialysis...

Worldwide, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a significant contributor to end-stage renal failure and chronic kidney disease. Probiotic supplementation has recently gained popularity as a potential nutritional therapy in several clinical trials aimed at improving renal function, inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, glycemic control, and inflammation. However, they still need to undergo a thorough assessment of DN. It is crucial that the optimal dosage, duration, and combination of probiotic strains administered for the purpose of slowing down the advancement of DN be assessed...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and death. Germacrone (Ger) possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-DN properties. However, it is unclear whether the improvement in kidney damage caused by Ger in DN mice is related to abnormal compositions and metabolites of the gut microbiota. This study generates a mouse model of DN to explore the potent therapeutic ability and mechanism of Ger in renal function by 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted fecal metabolomics...

Background : Circulatory imbalance of trace elements is frequent in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), leading to a deficiency of essential elements and excess of toxic elements. The present study aimed to investigate whether inulin-type fructans (ITFs) could ameliorate the circulatory imbalance by modulating gut microbiota and regulating the absorption and elimination of trace elements. Methods : Peritoneal dialysis patients were enrolled in a randomized crossover trial, undergoing interventions with ITFs (10 g d-1 ) and maltodextrin (placebo) over a 9-month period (with a 3-month washout)...

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence has demonstrated that patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) are more likely to experience cognitive impairment than patients with non-dialysis end-stage renal disease (ESRD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the role and predictive significance of gut microbiome alterations in PD-associated cognitive impairment. METHODS: A total of 29 non-dialysis ESRD patients and 28 PD patients were enrolled in this study and divided into subgroups according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)...

The composition of the gut microbiome is profoundly influenced by the accumulation of toxins in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and specific medical treatments during kidney transplantation (KT). However, variations in results may arise due to factors such as genetics, dietary habits, and the strategy of anti-rejection therapy. Therefore, we conducted a 16S rRNA sequencing study to characterize intestinal microbiomes by using 75 fecal specimens obtained from 25 paired Chinese living donors (LDs) of kidneys and recipients before and after KT...

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that poses a serious risk as it can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DKD is linked to changes in the diversity, composition, and functionality of the microbiota present in the gastrointestinal tract. The interplay between the gut microbiota and the host organism is primarily facilitated by metabolites generated by microbial metabolic processes from both dietary substrates and endogenous host compounds. The production of numerous metabolites by the gut microbiota is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of DKD...

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Lately, it has been shown that the onset and advancement of DKD are linked to imbalances of gut microbiota and the abnormal generation of microbial metabolites. Similarly, a body of recent evidence revealed that biological alterations of mitochondria ranging from mitochondrial dysfunction and morphology can also exert significant effects on the occurrence of DKD. Based on the prevailing theory of endosymbiosis, it is believed that human mitochondria originated from microorganisms and share comparable biological characteristics with the microbiota found in the gut...

BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating host metabolism and producing uremic toxins in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Our objective is to advance toward a holistic understanding of the gut ecosystem and its functional capacity in such patients, which is still lacking. RESULTS: Herein, we explore the gut microbiome of 378 hemodialytic ESRD patients and 290 healthy volunteers from two independent cohorts via deep metagenomic sequencing and metagenome-assembled-genome-based characterization of their feces...

Constipation is a frequent symptom in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review outlines the mechanisms and management of constipation in patients with CKD from a physician's perspective. Common causes of constipation in patients with CKD include concomitant medications, low dietary fiber intake, water-restricted diet, lack of physical activity, altered gut microbiota, and reduced gastrointestinal motility. Constipation has a negative impact on overall health, and, in particular, the presence of constipation has been associated with worsening kidney function and increased risk of developing advanced stages of CKD...

BACKGROUND: Human intestine microbiota are known to be directly and indirectly altered during some diseases such as kidney complications. Bacteroides is considered as the main and the most abundant phylum among human gut microbiota, which has been classified as enterotype 1. This study aimed to assess the abundance of Bacteroides spp. in fecal flora of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and compare it with the Bacteroides composition among fecal flora of healthy individual...

BACKGROUND: In this study, we analyzed intestinal flora in an experimental mouse model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and investigated whether oral supplementation with probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG could slow the decline in renal function and inflammatory status of mice with CKD. METHODS: We surgically induced chronic kidney disease in C57BL/6J male mice aged 8-9 weeks. We used dual-stage 5/6 nephrectomy for this, while the mock group underwent a mock procedure...

There is increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of manipulating the gut microbiome of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is because there is a substantial deviation from a balanced gut microbiota profile in CKD, with many deleterious downstream effects. Nutritional interventions such as plant-based diets with reduced animal protein intake and the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may alter the microbiome. This article aims to briefly describe what is known about the gut microbiome in patients with CKD, factors contributing to gut dysbiosis, and outline important evidence gaps...

Introduction : Numerous studies to date have shown that the development of dysbiotic gut microbiota is a characteristic finding in chronic kidney disease (CKD). A number of uremic toxins progressively accumulate in the course of CKD, some of them generated by the intestinal microbiome, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (p-CS). They are found to be involved in the pathogenesis of certain complications of uremic syndrome, including low-grade chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to research the serum concentration of IS and p-CS in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing conventional hemodialysis, as well as to study the possibilities of influencing some markers of inflammation and oxidative stress after taking a synbiotic...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes, which increases the risk of renal failure and causes a high global disease burden. Due to the lack of sustainable treatment, DN has become the primary cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Gut microbiota and its metabolites exert critical regulatory functions in maintaining host health and are associated with many pathogenesis of aging-related chronic diseases. Currently, the theory gut-kidney axis has opened a novel angle to understand the relationship between gut microbiota and multiple kidney diseases...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common and potentially fatal consequence of diabetes. Chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease may result over time. Numerous studies have demonstrated the function of the microbiota in health and disease. The use of advanced urine culture techniques revealed the presence of resident microbiota in the urinary tract, undermining the idea of urine sterility. Studies have demonstrated that the urine microbiota is related with urological illnesses; nevertheless, the fundamental mechanisms by which the urinary microbiota influences the incidence and progression of DKD remain unclear...

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most debilitating complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as it progresses silently to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The discovery of novel biomarkers of early DKD becomes acute, as its incidence is reaching catastrophic proportions. Our study aimed to quantify previously identified metabolites from serum and urine through untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-ESI+-MS) techniques, such as the following: arginine, dimethylarginine, hippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, L-acetylcarnitine, butenoylcarnitine and sorbitol...

Peritoneal fibrosis is a complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) that restricts its clinical application for the treatment of end-stage renal disease. Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LCZ), a probiotic strain isolated from traditional fermented koumiss, exhibits health benefits such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, improvement of insulin resistance and mitigation of renal injury. However, whether LCZ can prevent peritoneal fibrosis remains unknown. Here, we assessed the effects of LCZ in a mouse model of PD-induced peritoneal fibrosis...

Kidney transplantation is an effective method to improve the condition of patients with end-stage renal disease. The gut microbiota significantly affects the immune system and can be used as an influencing factor to change the prognoses of patients who have undergone kidney transplantation. Recipients after kidney transplantation showed a lower abundance of Firmicutes and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. After using prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation to regulate the microbial community, the prognoses of patients who underwent kidney transplantation evidently improved...

INTRODUCTION: Renal transplantation is an effective treatment for the end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, how salivary microbiota changes during perioperative period of renal transplant recipients (RTRs) has not been elucidated. METHODS: Five healthy controls and 11 RTRs who had good recovery were enrolled. Saliva samples were collected before surgery and at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after surgery. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the composition of salivary microbiota between ESRD patients and healthy controls...