keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491649/purcell-s-swimmers-in-pairs
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rossella Attanasi, Marta Zoppello, Gaetano Napoli
We investigate the effects of hydrodynamic interactions between microorganisms swimming at low Reynolds numbers, treating them as a control system. We employ Lie brackets analysis to examine the motion of two neighboring three-link swimmers interacting through the ambient fluid in which they propel themselves. Our analysis reveals that the hydrodynamic interaction has a dual consequence: on one hand, it diminishes the system's efficiency; on the other hand, it dictates that the two microswimmers must synchronize their motions to attain peak performance...
February 2024: Physical Review. E
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38487786/life-in-a-fishbowl-space-and-environmental-enrichment-affect-behaviour-of-betta-splendens
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ronald G Oldfield, Emily K Murphy
The public has expressed growing concern for the well-being of fishes, including popular pet species such as the Siamese fighting fish ( Betta splendens ). In captivity, male Bettas behave aggressively, often causing injuries and death if housed together. As a result, they are typically isolated in small fishbowls, which has been widely criticised as cruel. To investigate the impact of keeping Bettas in these conditions, we recorded the behaviour of individual males in containers of different sizes that were either bare or enriched with gravel, large rocks, and live plants...
2024: Animal Welfare
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486407/comparing-methods-for-determining-the-metabolic-capacity-of-lumpfish-cyclopterus-lumpus-linnaeus-1758
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel M Eisenberg, Rebeccah M Sandrelli, Anthony Kurt Gamperl
Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) mortalities have been reported during the summer at some North Atlantic salmon cage-sites where they serve as "cleaner fish." To better understand this species' physiology and whether limitations in their metabolic capacity and thermal tolerance can explain this phenomenon, we compared the aerobic scope (AS) of 6°C-acclimated lumpfish (~50 g and 8.8 cm in length at the beginning of experiments) when all individuals (N = 12) were given a chase to exhaustion, a critical swim speed (Ucrit ) test, and a critical thermal maximum (CTMax ) test (rate of warming 2°C h-1 )...
March 14, 2024: Journal of Fish Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483673/swimming-performance-in-large-yellow-croaker-effects-of-group-size-test-protocol-and-recovery-time-on-critical-swimming-speed
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junjia Zeng, Wei Liu, Yacheng Deng, Pengxin Jiang, Zhijun Wang, Yanhong Ou, Hongtao Lu, Yuanjingxi Hui, Hongli Xu, Peng Xu
Swimming is critical for fish survival, and little attention has been paid to the swimming performance of large yellow croaker, the largest farmed marine fish in China. To address this gap, we conducted a study to measure the critical swimming speed (Ucrit ) of 1050 croaker in a designed swim test flume. Our findings shed light on the effects of group size, Ucrit test protocol, and recovery time on swimming performance. The water flow in the swim flume increased steadily and linearly. The linear fit equation was y = 2...
March 14, 2024: Marine Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483264/conservation-energetics-of-beluga-whales-using-resting-and-swimming-metabolism-to-understand-threats-to-an-endangered-population
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jason S John, Dennis R Christen, Katherine L Flammer, Traci L Kendall, Emily C Nazario, Beau P Richter, Verena Gill, Terrie M Williams
The balance between energetic costs and acquisition in free-ranging species is essential for survival, and provides important insights regarding the physiological impact of anthropogenic disturbances on wild animals. For marine mammals such as beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), the first step in modeling this bioenergetic balance requires an examination of resting and active metabolic demands. Here, we used open-flow respirometry to measure oxygen consumption during surface rest and submerged swimming by trained beluga whales, and compared these measurements with those of a commonly studied odontocete, the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482060/intravenous-reelin-rescues-despair-like-behavior-reelin-cells-in-the-dentate-sub-granular-zone-and-spleen-atrophy-in-the-cyclic-corticosterone-model-of-recurring-depressive-episodes
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
B S Reive, J Johnston, C L Sánchez-Lafuente, Kaylene Scheil, K Kurz, L E Kalynchuk, H J Caruncho
Novel antidepressants are predominantly evaluated preclinically in rodent models of chronic stress in which animals experience a single prolonged exposure to chronic stress prior to treatment. Rodent models of a single episode of chronic stress translate poorly to human depressive disorders, which are commonly marked by recurring depressive episodes. Intravenous administration of Reelin has previously been shown to resolve immobility in the forced swim test of rats exposed to a single prolonged exposure to chronic stress...
2024: Frontiers in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38473865/the-role-of-opioid-receptor-antagonists-in-regulation-of-blood-pressure-and-t-cell-activation-in-mice-selected-for-high-analgesia-induced-by-swim-stress
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dominik Skiba, Kinga Jaskuła, Agata Nawrocka, Piotr Poznański, Marzena Łazarczyk, Łukasz Szymański, Tymoteusz Żera, Mariusz Sacharczuk, Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska, Zbigniew Gaciong
Opioid peptides and their G protein-coupled receptors are important regulators within the cardiovascular system, implicated in the modulation of both heart and vascular functions. It is known that naloxone-an opioid antagonist-may exert a hypertensive effect. Recent experimental and clinical evidence supports the important role of inflammatory mechanisms in hypertension. Since opioids may play a role in the regulation of both blood pressure and immune response, we studied these two processes in our model. We aimed to evaluate the effect of selective and non-selective opioid receptor antagonists on blood pressure and T-cell activation in a mouse model of high swim stress-induced analgesia...
February 23, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472356/inspiratory-muscles-pre-activation-in-young-swimmers-submitted-to-a-tethered-swimming-test-effects-on-mechanical-physiological-and-skin-temperature-parameters
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lara Soares de Araujo, Anita Brum Marostegan, Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot, Juan Bordon Orsi, Carolina Cirino, Marcelo Papoti, Claudio Alexandre Gobatto, Fúlvia Barros Manchado-Gobatto
Inspiratory muscles pre-activation (IMPA ) has been studied to improve subsequent performance in swimming. However, the effects of IMPA on various parameters in swimmers are still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of IMPA on the mechanical parameters, physiological responses, and their possible correlations with swimming performance. A total of 14 young swimmers (aged 16 ± 0 years) underwent a 30-s all-out tethered swimming test, preceded or not by IMPA, a load of 40% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and with a volume of 2 sets of 15 repetitions...
March 12, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467272/cannabidiol-exhibits-anxiolytic-like-effects-and-antipsychotic-like-effects-in-mice-models
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guangzhao Shu, Yang He, Jin Suo, Chunhui Wu, Xudong Gong, Yangyang Xiang, Wenjiao Yang, Jiaxin Cheng, Yu Wang, Weiming Chen, Jingshan Shen
Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound derived from the cannabis plant, has been confirmed to induce anxiolytic-like and antipsychotic-like effects. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. This study substantiated CBD's interaction with the 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1A R) in vitro (CHO cells expressing human 5-HT1A R) and in vivo (rat lower lip retraction test, LLR test). We then assessed the impact of CBD in mice using the stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) model and the phencyclidine (PCP)-induced negative symptoms of schizophrenia model, respectively...
March 9, 2024: Neuroscience Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38463666/origin-and-age-group-of-the-fastest-amateur-triathletes-competing-in-ironman-hawaii-between-2003-and-2019
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paulo Puccinelli, Arthur Narloch Sacchelli, Aldo Seffrin, Beat Knechtle, Katja Weiss, Marilia Santos Andrade
Little is known about the prevalent nationalities among the best-placed athletes participating in "Ironman Hawaii." Moreover, the age at which athletes achieve their best performances remains unclear. The present study aimed to compare the prevalent nationalities among the athletes, their respective placement among the top five, and the performance difference between the different age groups in 'Ironman Hawaii' from 2003 to 2019. A total of 30 354 amateur triathletes were selected from the Obsessed Triathlete (OBSTRI) website...
March 2024: Sports medicine and health science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462729/kynurenines-dynamics-in-the-periphery-and-central-nervous-system-steers-behavioral-deficits-in-rats-under-hypobaric-hypoxia
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kalyani Verma, Amitabh, Dipti N Prasad, M Prasanna Kumar Reddy, Ekta Kohli
People travel to high-altitude regions as tourists, workers, and military personnel on duty. Despite the consistent 21% oxygen content in the atmosphere, ascending to higher altitudes results in a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen, inducing a state known as hypobaric hypoxia (HH). HH is an environmental stress that is responsible for neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits (anxiety, depression, mood disturbance, etc.), but little is known about its metabolic pathways. The kynurenine pathway (KP) is a promising candidate to uncover the mysteries of HH stress, as it is an important regulator of the immune system and is associated with behavioral deficits...
March 10, 2024: ACS Chemical Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38459889/cold-induced-anaphylaxis-triggered-by-drinking-cold-water
#12
Abdulaziz S Alrafiaah, Elena Netchiporouk, Moshe Ben-Shoshan
Cold urticaria is an inducible urticaria in which hives and angioedema appear after exposure to cold. The symptoms of cold urticaria often are limited to hives/angioedema. However, in up to 20% of cases, cold exposure may trigger anaphylaxis. We report the case of an 11-year-old boy previously diagnosed with chronic spontaneous urticaria who developed facial swelling, itchy hives, difficulty in breathing, vomiting and abdominal pain within 5 minutes of drinking cold water. He received a standard dose of non-sedating second-generation antihistamines at home...
2024: Allergologia et Immunopathologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38459769/behavioral-and-biochemical-consequences-after-chronic-exposition-to-the-herbicide-atrazine-in-tadpoles
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fernanda Lie Ikari, Cristina Viriato, Fernanda Menezes França, Adriana Sacioto Marcantonio, Erna Elizabeth Bach, Cintia Badaró-Pedroso, Cláudia Maris Ferreira
Atrazine (ATZ) is the third most sold herbicide in Brazil, occupying the seventh position between most widely used pesticides. Due to its easy outflow, low reactivity and solubility, moderate adsorption to organic matter and clay, and long soil persistence, residual herbicide can be identified after long periods following application, and its usage has been prohibited in diverse countries. Amphibians are important bioindicators to assess impact of pesticide like atrazine, due to having a partial aquatic life cycle...
March 8, 2024: Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part. B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38458179/countermovement-jump-and-pull-up-performance-before-and-after-a-swimming-race-in-preparatory-and-competitive-phases-of-a-swimming-season
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
José M Gonzalez-Rave, Vincenzo Sorgente, Aaron Agudo-Ortega, Víctor Rodrigo-Carranza, Stelios Psycharakis, Anthony P Turner
PURPOSE: Monitoring performance athletes' training responses can be efficiently completed at competitive events. This study aimed to explore the changes in swimming, countermovement-jump (CMJ), and pull-up (PU) performance following training across a competitive phase, as well as immediately before and after each race. METHODS: Fourteen well-trained male sprint/middle-distance swimmers (height 179 [7] cm, mass 70 [8] kg, age 18 [2] y), from 3 regional training groups, completed CMJ and PU tests before and after the national competitions in October and May, when race performance was also assessed...
March 7, 2024: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38455443/analysis-of-pushing-forces-during-the-water-polo-eggbeater-reliability-and-validity-of-a-novel-approach
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Félix Croteau, Elouan Lanoé, Julien Clément
Water polo players benefit from greater odds of success when maintaining their tactical position against their opponents. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of a water-based resistance test to replicate this skill.Thirty-three water polo players participated in this study (19 males and 14 females, 14 from senior and 19 from junior national teams). Data were collected during two regular training sessions, separated by one week, using a load cell to instrument a weight stack resistance setup on the pool deck...
March 2024: Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38455435/a-single-dose-of-beetroot-juice-not-enhance-performance-during-intervallic-swimming-efforts
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Berta Moreno-Heredero, Esther Morencos, Jorge E Morais, Tiago M Barbosa, Santiago Veiga
Despite the numerous scientific evidence on the topic, there is no clear and consistent answer that clarifies the true effects of beetroot juice (BJ) supplementation on different types of physical performance. This study examined whether an acute intake of BJ improves swimming performance, physiological variables of anaerobic metabolism, or subjective measures during high-intensity interval exercise with incomplete rest in competitive swimmers. Eighteen competitive swimmers (nine females and nine males) participated in this cross-over randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind and counterbalanced study...
March 2024: Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38453727/causes-and-consequences-of-gas-bubble-trauma-on-fish-gill-function
#17
REVIEW
Naomi K Pleizier, Colin J Brauner
Total dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS) occurs when air mixes with water under pressure, which can be caused by features such as hydroelectric dams and waterfalls. Total dissolved gas supersaturation can cause harmful bubbles to grow in the tissues of aquatic animals, a condition known as gas bubble trauma (GBT). As gills are the primary gas exchange surface for most fish, it is through the gills that elevated total dissolved gases enter the blood and tissues of a fish. We describe the role of the gills in admitting TDGS into the body and discuss potential effects of bubbles in the gills on blood oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion, blood ion and pH homeostasis, and nitrogenous waste excretion, as well as downstream effects on aerobic swimming performance...
March 7, 2024: Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38453541/copper-affects-virulence-and-diverse-phenotypes-of-uropathogenic-proteus-mirabilis
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei-Syuan Huang, Yuan-Ju Lee, Lu Wang, Hsuan-Hsuan Chen, Yueh-Jung Chao, Vivien Cheng, Shwu-Jen Liaw
BACKGROUND: Copper plays a role in urinary tract infection (UTI) and urinary copper content is increased during Proteus mirabilis UTI. We therefore investigated the effect of copper on uropathogenic P. mirabilis and the underlying mechanisms, focusing on the virulence associated aspects. METHODS: Mouse colonization, swarming/swimming assays, measurement of cell length, flagellin level and urease activity, adhesion/invasion assay, biofilm formation, killing by macrophages, oxidative stress susceptibility, OMPs analysis, determination of MICs and persister cell formation, RT-PCR and transcriptional reporter assay were performed...
February 29, 2024: Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38450281/effect-of-the-pre-taper-level-of-fatigue-on-the-taper-induced-changes-in-performance-in-elite-swimmers
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Quentin Bretonneau, Antonio Morales-Artacho, Robin Pla, Laurent Bosquet
INTRODUCTION: In swimming, performance gains after tapering could be influenced by the pre-taper level of fatigue. Moreover, this level of fatigue could be associated with sleep. This study aimed to assess (1) the effect of tapering on performance according to the pre-taper level of fatigue in swimmers and (2) the association between sleep and pre-taper level of fatigue. METHODS: Physiological, psychological and biomechanical profiles were evaluated in 26 elite swimmers on 2 occasions to estimate the pre-taper level of fatigue: at T 0 and T 1, scheduled respectively 10 and 3 weeks before the main competition...
2024: Frontiers in sports and active living
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38449095/lower-and-upper-extremity-contributions-to-propulsion-and-resistance-during-semi-tethered-load-velocity-profiling-in-front-crawl-swimming
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sebastian Keller, Bjørn Harald Olstad, Patrick Wahl
The study estimated lower and upper extremity contributions to whole-body front crawl swimming using semi-tethered load-velocity profiling. Nine female and 11 male (inter)national-level swimmers performed 20 m semi-tethered sprints, each with five progressive loads for lower (leg kicking), upper (arm stroke), and whole-body front crawl movements. The theoretical maximal speed (v0 ) and load (L0 ), and active drag (Da ) were expressed as a percentage of the sum of both extremities for the movements of each extremity to calculate their contributions...
March 6, 2024: Journal of Sports Sciences
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