Virus myeloma

In calendar year 2023, the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) approved a total of 55 new molecular entities, of which 12 were in the class of therapeutic antibodies. Besides antibody protein drugs, the US FDA also approved another five non-antibody protein drugs, making the broader class of protein drugs about 31% of the total approved drugs. Among the 12 therapeutic antibodies approved by the US FDA, 8 were relatively standard IgG formats, 3 were bivalent, bispecific antibodies and 1 was a trivalent, bispecific antibody...

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) still causes serious economic losses in the poultry industry. Currently, there are multiple prevalent genotypes and serotypes of IBVs. It is imperative to develop a new diagnosis method that is fast, sensitive, specific, simple, and broad-spectrum. A monoclonal hybridoma cell, N2D5, against the IBV N protein was obtained after fusion of myeloma SP2/0 cells with spleen cells isolated from the immunized Balb/c mice. The N2D5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the previously prepared mouse polyclonal antibody against the IBV N protein were used to target IBV as a colloidal gold-mAb conjugate and a captured antibody, respectively, in order to develop an immunochromatographic strip...

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections can present as a variety of severe diseases. While it has a predilection for immunocompromised patients such as those with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it can also affect immunocompetent patients as well. One of the rare yet severe diseases that MAC infections can present is MAC peritonitis. Often hard to distinguish from other causes of peritonitis, high clinical suspicion should be maintained for those who are susceptible. Here we present an 85-year-old female with a past medical history of end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis who presented with nausea and vomiting...

Multiple myeloma is a type of malignant neoplasia whose treatment has changed over the past decade. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combination of Adenovector-carrying interleukin-24 and herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase/ganciclovir on tumor growth, autophagy, and unfolded protein response mechanisms in mouse model of multiple myeloma. Six groups of mice, including Ad-HSV-tk/GCV, Ad-IL-24, Ad-HSV-tk/IL-24, Ad-GFP, and positive and negative controls, were investigated, and each group was injected every 72 h...

Infection is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Studying the relationship between different traits of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and MM is critical for the management and treatment of MM patients with COVID-19. But all the studies on the relationship so far were observational and the results were also contradictory. Using the latest publicly available COVID-19 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data, we performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of the causality between MM and different traits of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and severe COVID-19) and use multi-trait analysis of GWAS(MTAG) to identify new associated SNPs in MM...

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Friend Leukemia Virus Integration 1 (FLI-1) is a member of E26 transformation-specific family of transcription factors that participates in hematopoietic and vascular endothelial cell development. Immunohistochemical detection of FLI-1 has been widely used to diagnose vascular tumors or, more evidently, Ewing's sarcoma. However, the expression pattern of FLI-1 in hematolymphoid neoplasms remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of FLI-1 in these tumors, focusing on high-grade lesions, which presents a diagnostic challenge by mimicking Ewing's sarcoma...

To accommodate waning COVID-19 vaccine immunity to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, variant-adapted mRNA vaccines have been introduced. Here, we examine serological responses to the BA.1 and BA.4-5 Omicron variant-adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines in people with lymphoid malignancies. We included 233 patients with lymphoid malignancies (chronic lymphocytic B-cell leukemia: 73 (31.3%), lymphoma: 89 (38.2%), multiple myeloma/amyloidosis: 71 (30.5%)), who received an Omicron-adapted mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. IgG and neutralizing antibodies specific for the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 were measured using ELISA-based methods...

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM), which affects plasma cells, is the second most common hematological malignancy. Despite the development of new drugs and treatment protocols, patient survival has not reached the desired level. In this study, we investigated the effects of Myxoma virus (MYXV), an oncolytic virus, on autophagy in myeloma cells. METHOD: We analyzed protein expression of ATG-5, p62, Beclin-1, LC3B, and the apoptosis marker Bcl-2 as autophagy markers in human U-266 and mouse MOPC 315 myeloma cell lines treated with different doses of MYXV...

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness and safety of Myxoma virus (MYXV) in MM cell lines and primary myeloma cells obtained from patients with multiple myeloma. Myeloma cells were isolated from MM patients and cultured. MYXV, lenalidomide, and bortezomib were used in MM cells. The cytotoxicity assay was investigated using WST-1. Apoptosis was assessed through flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining and caspase-9 concentrations using ELISA. To explore MYXV entry into MM cells, monoclonal antibodies were used...

The objective of this epigenetic study was to investigate the cellular proportions based on DNA methylation signatures and pathways of differentially methylated genes in labial salivary gland (LSG) tissues of individuals with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Two methylation array datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository (GSE166373 and GSE110007) were utilized, consisting of 159 LSG tissues from 77 SS cases and 82 non-SS controls. The raw data underwent analysis using the Chip Analysis Methylation Pipeline (ChAMP) in R statistical tool, which identified differential methylation probes and regions...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Objective Prolonged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been reported in immunocompromised patients, as they poorly develop antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. We conducted a clinical trial to determine the efficacy of Imdevimab/Casirivimab (Imde/Casiri), an anti-viral monoclonal antibody (mAb), for prolonged infection at our institution. Methods Nine patients with hematological malignancies (six with malignant lymphoma and three with multiple myeloma) in our institution presented with coronavirus disease 2019 caused by SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants (one, five, and one with BA...

BACKGROUND: Dengue virus infection is an intriguing illness. It is traditionally thought of as a self-limited and nonpersistent disease. OBJECTIVES: We report a case with persistent dengue virus genome detectable in hematopoietic cells of a person with remote infection. METHODS: A patient with multiple myeloma in remission was prepared for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation. Plasma and G-CSF-stimulated, mobilized PBSCs were collected...

A simple, fast, and visual method for detecting antibodies against peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) using colloidal gold strips was developed. In this study, the pET-32a-N was transformed into Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) for expression. Hybridoma cell lines were generated by fusing SP2/0 myeloma cells with splenocytes from immunized mice with the expressed and purified N protein of PPRV. The PPRV N protein was labeled with colloidal gold particles as the gold-labeled antigen. The N protein served as the gold standard antigen and as the test (T) line-coated antigen, while the monoclonal antibody served as the quality control (C) line-coated antibody to assemble the colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips for detecting antibodies against the N protein of PPRV...

In this case, we describe the potential risk of developing an infectious complication leading to a secondary malignancy after a short course of immunotherapy. We report a patient who presented with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) driven Hodgkin's lymphoma after treatment with a short course of daratumumab along with pomalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma. Although there have been limited documented cases of daratumumab treatment leading to EBV reactivation, in patients presenting with infectious symptoms or neutropenia on a daratumumab-based regimen, testing for EBV should not be overlooked...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive plasma cell neoplasms (PCNs) in immunocompetent patients are a rare entity, the clinicopathological and prognostic features of which have not been well characterized. Fifteen cases of EBV-positive PCN arising in immunocompetent patients from south China were retrospectively analyzed, and an additional 44 cases from the literature were reviewed. The overall EBV-positive rate defined by EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) in-situ hybridization of PCNs was 12.3% (15/122), and it was significantly higher in plasmacytoma (17...

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a major challenge for current therapies. CAR-T cells have shown promising results in blood cancers, however, their effectiveness against solid tumors remains a hurdle. Recently, CD44v6-directed CAR-T cells demonstrated efficacy in controlling tumor growth in multiple myeloma and solid tumors such as HNSCC, lung and ovarian adenocarcinomas. Apart from CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells offer a safe and allogenic alternative to autologous CAR-T cell therapy. In this paper, we investigated the capacity of CAR-NK cells redirected against CD44v6 to execute cytotoxicity against HNSCC...

Subsets of patients diagnosed with a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) or multiple myeloma (MM), present with a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) specific for an infectious pathogen, including hepatitis C and B viruses (HCV, HBV), Helicobacter pylori and several Herpesviruses . Such cases are likely initiated by infection, since in the context of HCV- or HBV-infected patients, antiviral therapy can lead to the disappearance of antigenic stimulation, control of clonal plasma cells, and reduced or suppressed monoclonal Ig production...

BACKGROUND: The real-world impact of bivalent vaccines for wild type (WA.1) and Omicron variant (BA.5) is largely unknown in immunocompromised patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM). We characterize the humoral and cellular immune responses in patients with MM before and after receiving the bivalent booster, including neutralizing assays to identify patterns associated with continuing vulnerability to current variants (XBB1.16, EG5) in the current post-pandemic era. METHODS: We studied the humoral and cellular immune responses before and after bivalent booster immunization in 48 MM patients...