stemcell

Despite the use of anti-anginal drugs and/or percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting, the proportion of patients with coronary artery disease who have daily or weekly angina ranges from 2% to 24%. Refractory angina refers to long-lasting symptoms (for >3 months) due to established reversible ischaemia, which cannot be controlled by escalating medical therapy with the use of 2nd- and 3rd-line pharmacological agents, bypass grafting, or stenting. While there is uncertain prognostic benefit, the treatment of refractory angina is important to improve the quality of life of the patients affected...

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are capable of differentiating into a variety of human tissue cells. They offer new opportunities for personalized medicine and drug screening. This requires large quantities of high quality hiPSCs, obtainable only via automated cultivation. One of the major requirements of an automated cultivation is a regular, non-invasive analysis of the cell condition, e.g. by whole-well microscopy. However, despite the urgency of this requirement, there are currently no automatic, image-processing-based solutions for multi-class routine quantification of this nature...

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Human stem cell therapy for type 2 diabetes/obesity (T2D/O) complications is performedwith stem cell autografts, exposed to the noxious T2D/O milieu, often with suboptimal results.We showed in the Obese Zucker (OZ) rat model of T2D/O that when their muscle-derived stemcells (MDSC) were from long-term T2D/O male rats, their repair ecacy for erectile dysfunctionwas impaired and were imprinted with abnormal gene- and miR-global transcriptional signatures(GTS). The damage was reproduced in vitro by short-term exposure of normal MDSC to dyslipidemicserum, causing altered miR-GTS, fat infiltration, apoptosis, impaired scratch healing, and myostatinoverexpression...

Planarians are a sound, well-established model system for molecular studies in the field of stem cells, cell differentiation, developmental biology and translational research. Treated stemcell-less planarians produced by X-ray treatment are commonly used to study stem cell transcriptional profile and their role in planarian biological processes. X-ray induce oxidative and DNA damage to differentiated cells, require expensive radiation machines that are not available in most of the research centers and demand rigorous risk management and dedicated staff...

BACKGROUND: In vitro cystic fibrosis (CF) models are crucial for understanding the mechanisms and consequences of the disease. They are also the gold standard for pre-clinical efficacy studies of current and novel CF drugs. However, few studies have investigated expansion and differentiation of primary CF human bronchial epithelial (CF-HBE) cells. Here we describe culture conditions to expand primary CF airway cells while preserving their ability to differentiate into 3D epithelial cultures expressing functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ion channels that responds to CFTR modulators...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, which mainly impairs the motor system. However, the pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. Gene-environment complex interaction leads to selective dopaminergic neuron death in PD. Growing evidences supports that neuroinflammatory responses are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. This review critically discusses current studies on the inflammatory response of the pathological process of PD...

INTRODUCTION: Models of mice carrying a human immune system, so-called humanized mice, are used increasingly as preclinical models to bridge the gap between model organisms and human beings. Challenges of the humanized mouse model include finding suitable sources for human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and reaching sufficient engraftment of these cells in immunocompromised mice. METHODS: In this study, we compared the use of CD34+ HSC from cord blood (CB) vs HSC from adult mobilized peripheral blood...

Cardiotoxicity is an important toxicological endpoint for chemical and drug safety assessment. The present study aims to evaluate two stemcell-based in vitro models for cardiotoxicity screening of chemicals. Eleven model compounds were used to evaluate responses of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (mESC-CMs) using beating arrest as a readout and the analysis of electrophysiological parameters measured with a multi-electrode array (MEA) platform of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs)...

Homeostasis in adult organs involves replacement of cells from a stem cell pool maintained in specialized niches regulated by extracellular signals. This cell-to-cell communication employs signal transduction pathways allowing cells to respond with a variety of behaviors. To study these cellular behaviors, signaling must be perturbed within tissues in precise patterns, a technique recently made possible by the development of optogenetic tools. We developed tools to study signal transduction in vivo in an adult fly midgut stem cell model where signaling was regulated by the application of light...

The development of a blood-stage malaria vaccine has largely focused on the subunit approach. However, the limited success of this strategy, mainly due to antigenic polymorphism and the failure to maintain potent parasite-specific immune responses, indicates that other approaches must be considered. Whole parasite (WP) vaccines offer many advantages over sub-units; they represent every antigen on the organism, thus limiting the effects of antigenic polymorphism, and similarly they compensate for individual Immune-Response (Ir) gene-regulated non-responsiveness to any particular antigen...

The efficiency of the immunopurification step of urinary erythropoietin (EPO) and recombinant forms is important for their optimal detection in anti-doping screening. Previous investigations of immunopurification techniques have been done for immunomagnetic beads, EPO Purification Kit (EPK) columns (MAIIA Diagnostics), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microplates (Stemcell Technologies) conjugated/coated with anti-EPO antibodies. In this study, a new immunopurification technique using anti-EPO sepharose gel beads, developed by MAIIA Diagnostics, to simplify and minimize the sample handling, was evaluated...

Stem cells are considered as the principal source of differentiated cells. In the past few years, the research on the stem cell in various fields had shown success, but the stem cell-based therapies in the dentistry had confined to a particular extent. The present case report was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in the management of a large periapical lesion. A 12-year-old girl reported with a chief complaint of pain in the lower right back tooth region since 5 days...

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can give rise to several different cell types and can self-renew. Given their ability to differentiate into different lineages, stem cells retain huge therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine. Therefore, the understanding of the signaling pathways involved in stem cell pluripotency maintenance and differentiation has a paramount importance in order to understand these biological processes and to develop therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) since its signaling pathway regulates many cellular processes, such as cell growth, proliferation, survival, and cellular transformation...

Variants in SCYL1 can cause a syndrome with low γ-glutamyl-transferase cholestasis, acute liver failure, and neurodegeneration (CALFAN). The encoded protein is involved in intracellular trafficking between Golgi and ER, specific mechanisms are still to be elucidated. We reprogrammed fibroblasts of a 2 years old male patient with CALFAN Syndrome due to a homozygous nonsense variant in SCYL1 (c.[1882C > T]; c.[1882C > T]/p.[Gln628*]; p.[Gln628*]) and generated DHMCi005-A using the Cytotune®-iPS 2...

Fibroblasts of a patient with Infantile Liver Failure Syndrome 2 (OMIM #616483) due to a homozygous missense variant in the neuroblastoma amplified sequence gene (NBAS; c.[2708T>G]; c.[2708T>G]/p.[Leu903Arg]; p.[Leu903Arg]) were reprogrammed to iPSCs using the Cytotune®-iPS 2.0 Sendai Reprogramming Kit (Invitrogen) delivering the reprogramming factors Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4. Cells showed a normal karyotype. Pluripotency of DHMCi004-A was proven using immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR analysis, flow cytometry and differentiation into all three germ layers using the STEMdiff™ Trilineage Differentiation Kit (Stemcell Technologies)...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent cells, which are able to differentiate into various cell types of the body, as for example in osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic and myogenic directions. In human medicine, the application of stem cells represents a well-established clinical procedure already applied for several decades. Addition-ally, in veterinary medicine, the stem-cell field is a rapidly growing sector for clinical use, particularly in horses. Recently, this treatment moda lity has also been commonly applied in dogs...

Aberrant nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) expression has been suggested as an interesting therapeutic target that is being implicated as a component of the molecular profile of several human malignant tumors, including glioblastoma, which is the most aggressive brain tumor with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of 1400W, a specific NOS2 inhibitor, on human glioma cells in terms of clonogenic potential, proliferation, migration rate, and neurosphere generation ability...

Increasing evidence indicates that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) populations under the influence of host environment, can either be stable or rapidly differentiating, leading to tissue compartment colonization. We isolated previously from a 30-years old pregnant woman, a clinical isolate of HCMV, that we refered to as the HCMV-DB strain (accession number KT959235). The HCMV-DB clinical isolate demonstrated its ability to infect primary macrophages and to upregulate the proto-oncogene Bcl-3. We observed in this study that the genome of HCMV-DB strain is close to the genomes of other primary clinical isolates including the Toledo and the JP strains with the later having been isolated from a glandular tissue, the prostate...

Enhanced gene transfer efficiencies and higher yields of transplantable transduced human hematopoietic stem cells are continuing goals for improving clinical protocols that use stemcell-based gene therapies. Here, we examined the effect of the HSC agonist UM171 on these endpoints in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Using a 22-hr transduction protocol, we found that UM171 significantly enhances both the lentivirus-mediated transduction and yield of CD34+ and CD34+ CD45RA- hematopoietic cells from human cord blood to give a 6-fold overall higher recovery of transduced hematopoietic stem cells, including cells with long-term lympho-myeloid repopulating activity in immunodeficient mice...