Chronic kidney disease infections

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: AA-type kidney amyloidosis is classically associated with chronic autoimmune or inflammatory disorders. However, some urban centers have reported a high prevalence of injection drug use among patients with kidney AA amyloidosis. Previous reports lack control groups to quantify associations and most predate the opioid epidemic in the United States. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: We conducted a case-control study of 38 patients with biopsy-confirmed kidney AA amyloidosis and 72 matched control individuals without this condition from two large hospital systems in Seattle, Washington...

BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive bacillus responsible for diarrhea and colitis, mainly among hospitalized patients. It is a leading cause of nosocomial infections. OBJECTIVES: The main goal of the study was to assess the risk factors of the C. difficile infection in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated the medical records of all patients treated at the Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation of the Research and Development Center in the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Poland, between February 2009 and May 2012, who developed diarrhea, abdominal pain and/or fever within 72 h after admission...

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) is a widespread disease caused by the endoparasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa: Malacosporea). Clinical disease, provoked by the proliferation of extrasporogonic parasite stages, is characterized by a chronic kidney pathology with underlying transcriptional changes indicative of altered B cell responses and dysregulated T-helper cell-like activities. Despite the relevance of PKD to European and North American salmonid aquaculture, no studies, to date, have focused on further characterizing the B cell response during the course of this disease...

BACKGROUND: Although urinary tract infection (UTI) resolves with prompt treatment in a majority of children, some children, especially those aged less than 5 years, also develop renal parenchymal scarring (RPS). RPS causes high blood pressure that may lead to severe chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although the risk of UTI is higher in white children than in black children, it is unknown whether RPS is more common in white children than in black children as data are scarce in this regard...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant infectious complications leading to adverse health outcomes. This increased susceptibility to infection can be related to the nephropathy itself as observed in nephrotic syndrome, to the treatment especially in situations requiring immunosuppressive drugs or related to dialysis. Despite a less effective response to vaccination, some data emphasize similar benefits from immunization among people with CKD to the general population. However, some situations encountered in nephrology require adaptation of immunization practices...

Subcellular organelles consist of smaller substructures called supramolecular assemblies and these in turn consist of macromolecules. Various subcellular organelles have critical functions that consist of genetic disorders of organelle biogenesis and several metabolic disturbances that occur during non-genetic diseases e.g. infection, intoxication and drug treatments. Mitochondrial damage can cause renal dysfunction as ischemic acute renal injury, chronic kidney disease progression. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction is an early event in aldosterone-induced podocyte injury and cardiovascular disease due to oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects millions of people and constitutes a major health and financial burden worldwide. People of African descent are at an increased risk of developing kidney disease, which is mostly explained by two variants in the Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene that are found only in people of west African origin. It is hypothesized that these variants were genetically selected due to the protection they afford against African sleeping sickness, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Targeting mutant APOL1 could have substantial therapeutic potential for treating kidney disease...

INTRODUCTION: An increasing number of patients worldwide require dialysis as a result of hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HTN). However, in Japan, mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has not been well by primary kidney disease including HTN and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Hence, we examined the differences in mortality among the primary kidney diseases of incident dialysis patients. METHODS: The study was a multicenter prospective cohort analysis including 1520 incident dialysis patients in Aichi prefecture, Japan...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are utilized for a variety of indications, including treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, and prevention of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Several studies have documented an increasing prevalence of inappropriate PPI use. Furthermore, recent media reports have highlighted new research data suggesting a possible association between chronic PPI use and several adverse medical outcomes, leading to frequent patient inquiries about these associations. Thus, providers face the challenge of counseling patients about the balance of risks and benefits related to PPI use...

Background: Leptospirosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. leads to kidney damage that may progress to chronic kidney disease. However, how leptospiral infections-induced renal damage is unclear. Methods: We apply microarray and RNA-seq technologies to investigate the first murine transcriptome-wide, leptospires-mediated changes in renal gene expression to identify biological pathways associated with kidney damage. Results: Leptospiral genes were detected in renal transcriptomes of mice infected with Leptospira interrogans at day 28 post-infection, suggesting colonization of leptospires within the kidney with propensity of chronicity...

Objective : This single-centred study aims to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and treatment outcomes of a podiatry led, evidence-based diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) clinic. Research design and methods : Data from the DFU database and patient electronic health records were retrospectively collected from patients with new DFUs who were referred for treatment to the Department of Podiatry, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, from 1 October 2014, to 31 December 2016. Patients were followed-up until healing occurred or until 6 months after the study end date, whichever came first...

This multidisciplinary series is aimed at offering readers many opportunities to appreciate how a clinical and ethical approach to pregnancy has changed in patients with kidney diseases and with related conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, and immunologic diseases. Furthermore, this series aims to focus on the fact that many issues remain unreslved, that there are enormous gaps in knowledge, and that the bioethical approach needs to integrated in the clinical practice, which would allow for a deeper appreciation of different cultural and religious backgrounds...

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Congo Red positivity with birefringence under polarized light has traditionally permitted classification of organized glomerular deposits as from amyloid or nonamyloid diseases. The absence of congophilia has been used to differentiate fibrillary glomerulonephritis (GN) from amyloidosis. We describe a series of fibrillary GN cases in which the deposits are Congo Red-positive (congophilic fibrillary GN) and discuss the role of DNAJB9 in distinguishing congophilic fibrillary GN from amyloidosis...

INTRODUCTION: In remote Aboriginal communities in Australia, scabies affects 7 out of 10 children before their first birthday. This is more than six times the rate seen in the rest of the developed world. Scabies infestation is frequently complicated by bacterial infection, leading to the development of skin sores and other more serious consequences, such as septicaemia and chronic heart and kidney diseases. Tea tree oil (TTO) has been used as an antimicrobial agent for several decades with proven clinical efficacy...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The need for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in children is unclear due to insufficient evidence of the efficacy of prophylactic therapy and the mortality and morbidity associated with the first bleeding event. Previous studies have provided estimates of mortality. We aimed to investigate the morbidity associated with acute variceal bleeding (AVB) in children and to identify contributing factors. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed children with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis admitted with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding between 2000 and 2015...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the preexisting predictive factors associated with comorbidities for diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in King classification III at an outpatient clinic. METHOD: This prospective study included 100 patients with DFU in King classification III treated at outpatient clinics in Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from January 2011 to December 2011. The least follow-up time was 1 year. Medical documentations were in respect of patient's baseline characteristics, associated history, presence of comorbidities, follow-up time, and condition of wounds...

BACKGROUND: Dietary supplements (DS) are available over the counter, but patients with impaired renal function are specifically at risk for toxicity when consuming certain DS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of DS use in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, controlled DS use survey (22 questions) was conducted among 180 CKD patients (stage 1-5, dialysis, kidney transplant), with 60 patients without CKD serving as controls...

A previously healthy 67-year-old farmer presented to an outside hospital after a 2-week history of non-specific respiratory symptoms. A certain diagnosis was not initially apparent, and the patient was discharged home on a regimen for presumed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. He re-presented to the emergency department with shock and hypoxaemic respiratory failure requiring prompt intubation and fluid resuscitation. He was then transferred to our institution due to multiorgan failure. On arrival, the patient demonstrated refractory shock and worsening acute kidney injury, severe anaemia and thrombocytopaenia...

Compared to adults, urolithiasis is less common in children, with a definite rise in incidence, especially among young adults (Tasian et al. in Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 11:488, 2016). In the last 25 years, the incidence in children has increased by approximately 6-10% annually, for reasons still unknown, with an associated significant increase in related health care-related expenditures (Hyams and Matlaga in Transl Androl Urol 3(3):278-83, 2014). It has been shown that there is twice as high a risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end stage renal disease (ESRD) in stone formers compared to non-stone formers (Tasian et al...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatments have dramatically progressed from poorly tolerated, moderately successful interferon-based therapies to highly effective all-oral interferon-free regimens. While sustained virologic responses have significantly improved with fixed-dose combinations (FDC) of these direct-acting antivirals (DAA), cost remains high and certain populations of patients remain difficult to treat. Glecaprevir (GLE, an NS3/4A protease inhibitor) and pibrentasvir (PIB, NS5A inhibitor) were recently approved as a FDC therapy for HCV, and have expanded reach, reduced cost, and in certain populations, reduced HCV treatment duration...