Chronic kidney disease infections

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem that is growing in prevalence and is associated with severe complications. During the progression of the disease, a majority of CKD patients suffer oral complications. Dental implants are currently the most reliable and successful treatment for missing teeth. However, due to complications of CKD such as infections, bone lesions, bleeding risks, and altered drug metabolism, dental implant treatment for renal failure patients on dialysis is more challenging...

BACKGROUND: The impact of patient-related risk factors on the incidence of postoperative infection after cholecystectomy is relatively unknown. AIM: The aim of this study was to explore potential patient-related risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) and septicaemia following cholecystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All cholecystectomies registered in the Swedish national population-based register for Gallstone Surgery and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (GallRiks) 2006-2014 were identified...

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of red cell distribution width (RDW) with prognosis in patients with sepsis. METHODS: Patients with sepsis admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Hospital of Soochow University from January 2011 to December 2016 were enrolled. All clinical data were collected for participants, which mainly included basic data, main underlying disease, site of infection, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II(APACHE II) score, blood routine test, biochemical test, blood gas analysis, coagulation index, procalcitonin (PCT), hospitalization days, and 28-day and 90-day mortality...

BACKGROUND: There is no data on the role of prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing medical thoracoscopy. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a single dose of intravenous cefazolin in subjects undergoing medical thoracoscopy. METHODS: Subjects undergoing medical thoracoscopy were randomized 1:1 to receive either intravenous cefazolin 2 g (antibiotic group) or intravenous saline (control group). The primary outcome was the incidence of infections (surgical site infections and empyema) in the study groups, while the secondary outcomes were complications related to intravenous antibiotics...

Antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced mortality due to HIV infection, but the aging HIV-positive patient population now faces a growing burden of comorbidity. This review describes the changing epidemiology of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in this population, and highlights recent advances in antiretroviral therapy and kidney transplantation that directly impact the care of patients with HIV infection and end-stage renal disease.

BACKGROUND: Recognition of a broad spectrum of disease and development of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and recurrent CDI (rCDI) in populations previously considered to be at low risk has renewed attention on differences in the risk profile of patients. In the absence of primary prevention for CDI and limited treatment options, it is important to achieve a deep understanding of the multiple factors that influence the risk of developing CDI and rCDI. METHODS: We conducted a review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on risk factors for CDI and rCDI published between 1990 and October 2016...

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) have emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the detailed study of renal pathological findings currently remains unclear in these Japanese patients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken to investigate renal pathological findings between January 1996 and July 2016. Our study included 20 Japanese HIV-infected patients with CKD; 10 cases had undergone renal biopsies, and 10 cases had undergone autopsies, respectively...

INTRODUCTION: Complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy (CPRE) is widely used for classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) closure. Long-term renal function with or without dilation in these patients is poorly characterized and may be impacted by bladder storage parameters or recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess our long-term experience with CPRE and investigate factors that may influence upper-tract deterioration. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of patients at our institution with CBE undergoing CPRE from 1990 to 2015 was performed...

OBJECTIVE: Patients presenting for cardiac surgery have unstable cardiovascular disease and haemodynamics with multiple coexisting diseases. Optimal monitoring in the perioperative period is very important for best perioperative outcome. The introduction of the flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) into clinical practice is one of the most important and popular advances in the field of cardiac anaesthesia. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency, indications and complications of pulmonary artery catheter insertion in adult open-heart surgery patients...

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is burdensome in patients with chronic kidney disease and contributes to substantial liver-related and all-cause morbidity and mortality. HCV infection itself may cause kidney dysfunction, as exemplified through mixed cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. HCV is more prevalent in patients with significant kidney disease compared to the general population, and recent reports have shown inadvertent HCV transmission in U.S. hemodialysis centers. Further, HCV has been demonstrated to accelerate kidney dysfunction and is associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with kidney disease...

BACKGROUND: In the C-SURFER study, therapy with the all-oral elbasvir plus grazoprevir regimen for 12 weeks in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease resulted in a high rate of virological cure compared with placebo. Here, we report sustained virological response (SVR), safety data, health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL), and virological resistance analyses in patients in C-SURFER who received immediate antiviral therapy or who received placebo before therapy...

AIM: To study the demographics and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A prospective observational study of AKI fulfilling the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definition, from 8 July 2012 to 8 July 2013. Ethics approval was granted by the University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics Committee. Consent was waived because patient data was de-identified and patient management was not adversely affected by the study...

AIMS: The main aim of a study was to assess one-year mortality and its predictors in a cohort of patients who underwent transvenous lead extraction (TLE) procedure. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and 1-year follow up of patients referred for a TLE procedure in a single high volume center between June 2006 and October 2014 was performed. RESULTS: The studied population included 130 patients (82 males; mean age 64 ±15 years) implanted with pacemakers (74%), implantable cardioverter defibrillators (15%), or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (11%)...

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in hemodialysis patients and worsens their prognosis, while antiviral therapy options are limited. Recently, clinical trial and real-world, small-scale studies have reported excellent responses to direct-acting antivirals in patients with advanced chronic kidney diseases. However, real-world, large-scale data were lacking. This large multicenter analysis included HCV-infected hemodialysis patients receiving combination therapy with a nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) inhibitor, daclatasvir (DCV), and a protease inhibitor, asunaprevir (ASV)...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) display increased infection-related mortality and elevated cardiovascular risk only partly attributed to traditional risk factors. Patients with CKD also exhibit a pro-inflammatory environment and impaired immune function. Aerobic exercise has the potential to positively impact these detriments, but is under-researched in this patient population. This feasibility study will investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on inflammation and immune function in patients with CKD to inform the design of larger studies intended to ultimately influence current exercise recommendations...

Renal function is an important consideration in the management of patients with advanced cancer. There is a reciprocal relationship between cancer and the kidney: chronic kidney disease can increase the risk of developing cancer, and patients with cancer often experience renal impairment owing to age, disease-related factors and nephrotoxic treatments. As therapies for cancer continue to improve, patients are living longer with their disease, potentially extending the period over which they are susceptible to long-term complications...

In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter eryptosis characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling. Eryptotic erythrocytes are rapidly cleared from circulating blood and may adhere to the vascular wall. Stimulation of eryptosis thus impairs microcirculation and leads to anemia as soon as the loss of erythrocytes cannot be fully compensated by enhanced erythropoiesis. Signaling stimulating eryptosis includes increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) -activity, ceramide, caspases, calpain, p38-kinase, protein-kinase C, Janus-activated kinase 3, casein-kinase 1α, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4...

Diabetes and hypertension are at present the major causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The stages 0-5 of CKD are defined according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate. The term chronic renal failure (CRF) typically corresponds to CKD stages 3-5. Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients of CRF and ESRD. This study was undertaken to analyze the age and sex incidence, clinical features, etiology, pathology of various organs in detail, and causes of death of CRF patients...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Plants of the genus Hymenaea (Fabaceae) are used in South American and Asian traditional medicines to treat a multitude of disorders, like cough, diarrhea, dysentery, intestinal colic, pulmonary weakness, asthma, anemia, sore throat, and for the treatment of kidney problems, viral related disorders, chronic cystitis, bronchitis, and bladder infections. Some Hymenaea species are also used as vermifuge, and for the treatment of arthritis, and inflammation conditions...