Gender difference

BACKGROUND:  Children's bones are at high risk of fracture as they grow. The clinical characteristics of fractures in children differ from those in adults. Studying fractures in healthy children is critical for identifying cases of fragility fractures. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics of limb fractures as well as clinical indicators of fracture healing outcomes in healthy Saudi children seen in an emergency room. METHODS: A retrospective review of the treatment course of all pediatric fractures and related factors treated at King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (KASCH) in Riyadh between 2016 and 2018 was conducted...

Background and objectives The study aimed to compare the efficacy of standard home care versus structured ankle mobility exercises in enhancing ankle and foot joint range of motion (ROM) among individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Additionally, it investigated the impact of foot intrinsic muscle strengthening exercises on hallux grip force in those with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DN). Materials and methods In a study of 200 patients with Diabetic Neuropathy (DN), selected from 345 screened diabetics with stable glucose levels and routine monitoring at a tertiary care facility, the efficacy of structured exercises versus standard care was evaluated...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Physical Activity Social Support Scale (PASSS-C) and its measurement invariance across different gender groups in a Chinese college student sample. METHODS: A total of 1,689 Chinese college students participated in the study. We assessed the internal consistency of PASSS-C using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to test its five-factor model...

Thalassemia is a chronic disease caused by impaired globin chain synthesis, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis, hemolysis, and chronic anemia. The treatment of patients with thalassemia, including blood transfusion combined with chelation therapy has progressed and improved their survival and prognosis. However, thalassemia-related psychological problems and impaired health-related quality of life (QoL) challenges still exist. Gender is one of the factors that has been suggested, to contribute to the disparities in psychological outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: There is a paucity of studies on asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) among kidney transplant recipients (KTR) in developing countries. This study assessed the clinical profile, risk factors, outcomes, and impact of treatment of ASB in KTRs with a normal genitourinary tract. METHODS: Consecutive KTRs from 2009 to 2018 with no clinical or radiological evidence of obstructive uropathy were included. Urinary tract infection (UTI) after ASB was defined as occurrence of cystitis, pyelonephritis, or urosepsis, with ASB being the first bacteriuric episode...

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the difference in adiposity measured by DEXA between people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and those without. Moreover, we investigated the most reliable adiposity measure for discriminating people with T2DM from those without in clinical settings. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from the database of Qatar Biobank (QBB), which comprised adults with a previous diagnosis of T2DM mellitus in Qatar. t -test and multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the association between T2DM and the difference in DEXA and BMI adiposity measures...

There has been increasing recognition of gender-based inequity as a barrier to successful policy implementation. This consensus, coupled with an increasing frequency of emergencies in human and animal populations, including infectious disease events, has prompted policy makers to re-evaluate gender-sensitivity in emergency management planning. Seeking to identify key publications relating to gendered impacts and considerations across diverse stakeholders in different types of animal health emergencies, we conducted a non-exhaustive, targeted scoping review...

Sleep is foundational for adolescent psychosocial outcomes though often compromised by normative developmental changes and external factors. This cross-sectional study examined sleep quality as a mechanism linking stress and psychosocial outcomes and explored gender differences. Adolescents (N = 246; M age =15.8; 46.3% female) completed self-report measures assessing sleep quality and psychosocial outcomes. Structural equation modeling results indicated sleep quality accounted for 78.4% of the total effect of stress on school functioning ( b =-0...

BACKGROUND: Sex differences are related to both biological factors and the gendered environment. To untangle sex-related effects on health and disease it is important to model sex-related differences better. METHODS: Data came from the baseline visit of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a longitudinal cohort study following 16,415 individuals recruited at baseline from four study sites: Bronx NY, Miami FL, San Diego CA, and Chicago IL...

PURPOSE: Among men, violence is pervasive and associated with poor mental health, but little is known about which men are most vulnerable. Our purpose is to address this gap by exploring mental health and social determinants of health (SDOH) including gender role conflict (GRC) in heterogenous groups of men with distinct patterns of cumulative lifetime violence (CLV) as target and perpetrator. METHODS: Latent class analysis was conducted using means of 64 indicators of CLV severity collected from a community sample of 685 eastern Canadian men, ages 19 to 65 years...

The purpose of this paper is to thoroughly assess the value of colours in consumers' preferences for sweet peppers, and the association with more sustainable methods of production in the consumers' minds. Furthermore, this study provides novel insights into the influence of colours on the willingness to pay (WTP) for vegetables. It explores the interplay between colours, food attributes, and socio-demographic characteristics among consumers, marking the first attempt to examine this relationship comprehensively...

OBJECTIVE: To assess hospital pharmacists' understanding of pharmaceutical care and their attitudes regarding the adoption of the patient-centered model, as well as investigate Jordan's current state of pharmaceutical care implementation and the associated barriers. METHODS: A validated survey was distributed to hospital pharmacists in different major tertiary hospitals in Jordan. The study questionnaire contained five sections to assess sociodemographic characteristics, pharmacists' understanding of pharmaceutical care, attitudes towards pharmaceutical care, potential barriers that may limit the delivery of pharmaceutical care, and the extent of pharmaceutical care implementation in the hospital setting...

Over the last few years, the inclusion of psychosocial factors in the teaching and learning processes has become increasingly important due to their proven influence on students' academic performance, especially at the university stage. In this regard, the aim of this study is to analyse the impact of emotional intelligence and academic self-concept on the students' academic achievement. The results obtained revealed some differences according to gender in all the variables considered. Specifically, women presented higher levels of emotional attention, academic self-concept and performance, while men stood out in emotional clarity and emotional repair...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused multiple stressors that may lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder. Objective: We longitudinally examined relationships between risk and protective factors, pandemic-related stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as whether these relationships differed by the time of assessment. Method: The European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) ADJUST Study included N = 15,169 participants aged 18 years and above. Participants from 11 European countries were recruited and screened three times at 6-month intervals from June 2020 to January 2022...

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the psychosocial impact of facial skin surgery on patients can help improve counselling strategies. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to measure the psychological impact of facial skin cancer surgery on patients over a 1-year period. Secondary objective was to measure the difference between Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and conventional excision (CE) on these parameters. METHODS: This observational survey study was conducted between March 2019 and July 2020...

INTRODUCTION: People who inject drugs experience stigma across multiple settings, including when accessing health-care services, however, comparatively little is known about experiences of stigma towards other groups of people who use illegal drugs. This paper examines experience of, and factors associated with, stigma among two samples of people who use illegal drugs when visiting both specialist alcohol and other drug (AOD) and general health-care services. METHODS: Australians who regularly (i...

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study investigates infection prevention and control (IPC) competencies among healthcare professionals in northwest China, examining the influence of demographic factors, job titles, education, work experience, and hospital levels. METHODS: Data from 874 respondents across 47 hospitals were collected through surveys assessing 16 major IPC domains. Statistical analyses, including Mann-Whitney tests, were employed to compare competencies across variables...

Lumbar spinal alignment is crucial for spine biomechanics and is linked to various spinal pathologies. However, limited research has explored gender-specific differences using CT scans. The objective was to evaluate and compare lumbar spinal alignment between standing and sitting CT in healthy individuals, focusing on gender differences. 24 young and 25 elderly males (M) and females (F) underwent standing and sitting CT scans to assess lumbar spinal alignment. Parameters measured and compared between genders included lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), lordotic angle (LA), foraminal height (FH), and bony boundary area (BBA)...

OBJECTIVES: Given the escalating demand for care services, understanding the impact of informal caregiving, providing unpaid care for family members, on own health is essential. This study longitudinally analyzed the association of caregiving (and different caregiver types) with mental, physical, and self-rated health. Urban-rural, gender, and employment heterogeneity were further investigated. METHOD: Based on three-wave data (2011, 2013, and 2018) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we used growth curve models to assess the impact of informal caregiving (providing care to family members) and caregiver types (caregivers to grandchildren, parents, spouses, or multiple family members) on three health outcomes (depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and activities of daily living limitations)...

Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary tumor in adult human eyes. Costimulatory molecules (CMs) are important in maintaining T cell biological functions and regulating immune responses. To investigate the role of CMs in UVM and exploit prognostic signature by bioinformatics analysis. This study aimed to identify and validate a CMs associated signature and investigate its role in the progression and prognosis of UVM. The expression profile data of training cohort and validation cohort were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset...