Adipositas

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Obesity causes all types of lymphedema to deteriorate. Obesity-associated lymphedema is by now the most frequent secondary lymphedema and constitutes an entity in its own right. Obesity and its comorbidities, due to mechanical and inflammatory effects, decrease lymphatic transport and create a vicious circle of lymph stasis, local adipogenesis, and fibrosis. The therapeutic strategy must therefore address both lymphedema and obesity and its comorbidities.

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The body mass index (BMI) is a very crude measure of body fatness in individuals. Even normal weight persons can have too much body fat in cases of a lack of muscle mass (sarcopenia), which is why additional measurements of waist circumference and body fatness, e.g. bioimpedance analysis (BIA), are recommended. Lifestyle management including nutrition modification and increase in physical activity are important measures for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Regarding the treatment of type 2 diabetes, body weight is increasingly used as a secondary target parameter...

Obesity is a complex chronic disease and requires a long-term multimodal approach. The current treatment algorithm for treatment of obesity mainly consists of a stepwise approach, which starts with a lifestyle intervention followed by or combined with medication treatment, whereas bariatric surgery is often reserved for the last option. This article provides an overview of the currently available conservative medicinal treatment regimens and the currently approved medications as well as medications currently undergoing approval studies with respect to the efficacy and possible side effects...

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The worldwide obesity epidemic is well known, with most countries experiencing rises in obesity incidence since the 1980s. Obesity directly contributes to the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep problems. Obesity, in addition to other cardiovascular risk factors, contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular disease mortality. Recent research suggests that abdominal obesity, as measured by waist circumference, is a risk factor for CVD that is independent of body mass index...

Although bariatric surgery is known to change the metabolome, it is unclear if this is specific for the intervention or a consequence of the induced bodyweight loss. As the weight loss after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) can hardly be mimicked with an evenly effective diet in humans , translational research efforts might be helpful. A group of 188 plasma metabolites of 46 patients from the randomized controlled Würzburg Adipositas Study (WAS) and from RYGB-treated rats ( n = 6) as well as body-weight-matched controls ( n = 7) were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry...

Obesity and diabetes are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. After failure of conservative therapy such as pharmacotherapy and lifestyle management, bariatric treatment is indicated for selected patients. Endoscopic techniques for weight reduction are well-established treatment for obese population who do not qualify for or are not willing to undergo bariatric surgery. This article is an overview of currently applied endoscopic techniques and summarized current published data.

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Up to 40% of all adults worldwide are overweight or obese. Besides the established obesity-related comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension or NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), the focus of interest is shifting towards the influence of increased body weight as a risk factor for the development of malignant diseases. For more than 20 different types of malignancies, interactions between increased body weight and cancer risk have been established. Pathophysiological influences of obesity on carcinogenesis are diverse, including factors such as chronic inflammation, hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance, various changes in growth factor and changes in sex hormones...

We describe here the results of a multidisciplinary study on an infant mummy from 16th century Upper Austria buried in the crypt of the family of the Counts of Starhemberg. The macroscopic-anthropological, radiological (whole-body CT scan), histological (skin tissue), and radiocarbon isotope investigations suggested a male infant of 10-18 months' age, most likely dying between 1550 and 1635 CE (probably Reichard Wilhelm, 1625-1626 CE), that presented with evidence of metabolic bone disease with significant bilateral flaring of costochondral joints resembling "rachitic rosary" of the ribs, along with straight long bones and lack of fractures or subperiosteal bleeding residues...

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Obesity is a chronic disease. Obesity and the associated sequelae not only lead to an increased morbidity and mortality but also to a reduced quality of life. People with obesity are often stigmatized and are not offered adequate professional treatment although evidence-based treatment options are available. According to current guidelines a multimodal, interdisciplinary and individualized obesity treatment must always be carried out. For most patients with advanced obesity structured multimodal therapy programs and/or bariatric surgery (with accompanying conservative measures) are the treatment of choice...

More and more children and adolescents are affected by excess weight and obesity. Particularly serious are the associated secondary diseases such as diabetes mellitus, fatty liver, high blood pressure, joint changes, and mental disorders. Experts of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development estimate that excess-weight-related diseases will cause 90 million deaths in the next 30 years and shorten life expectancy by about 3 years. Obesity and excess weight in childhood and adolescence are global health problems that are often not adequately diagnosed and treated...

Overall symptomatic pseudathrosis after pelvic ring fracture is rare. A pseudarthrosis of the dorsal pelvic ring often leads to persisting pain due to instability and needs a consequent treatment strategy. Often a bacterial infection can be found in persisting pseudarthrosis notably in the anterior pelvic ring region. It is assumed that the peculiar anatomical site of the surgical approach - pubic region and abdominal skinfold - in particular accompanied with adipositas is predestined. Often patients with pseudathrosis and proof of bacterial infection show no symptoms...

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