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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nader Shaikh, Shannon J Conway, Jelena Kovacevic, Filipe Condessa, Timothy R Shope, Mary Ann Haralam, Catherine Campese, Matthew C Lee, Tomas Larsson, Zafer Cavdar, Alejandro Hoberman
IMPORTANCE: Acute otitis media (AOM) is a frequently diagnosed illness in children, yet the accuracy of diagnosis has been consistently low. Multiple neural networks have been developed to recognize the presence of AOM with limited clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To develop and internally validate an artificial intelligence decision-support tool to interpret videos of the tympanic membrane and enhance accuracy in the diagnosis of AOM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This diagnostic study analyzed otoscopic videos of the tympanic membrane captured using a smartphone during outpatient clinic visits at 2 sites in Pennsylvania between 2018 and 2023...
March 4, 2024: JAMA Pediatrics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew Mihalache, Ryan S Huang, Marko M Popovic, Nikhil S Patil, Bhadra U Pandya, Reut Shor, Austin Pereira, Jason M Kwok, Peng Yan, David T Wong, Peter J Kertes, Rajeev H Muni
IMPORTANCE: Ophthalmology is reliant on effective interpretation of multimodal imaging to ensure diagnostic accuracy. The new ability of ChatGPT-4 (OpenAI) to interpret ophthalmic images has not yet been explored. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the novel release of an artificial intelligence chatbot that is capable of processing imaging data. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used a publicly available dataset of ophthalmic cases from OCTCases, a medical education platform based out of the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences at the University of Toronto, with accompanying clinical multimodal imaging and multiple-choice questions...
April 1, 2024: JAMA Ophthalmology
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samuel J White, Qi Sheng Phua, Lucy Lu, Kaspar L Yaxley, Matthew D F McInnes, Minh-Son To
IMPORTANCE: Systematic reviews of medical imaging diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies are affected by between-study heterogeneity due to a range of factors. Failure to appropriately assess the extent and causes of heterogeneity compromises the interpretability of systematic review findings. OBJECTIVE: To assess how heterogeneity has been examined in medical imaging DTA studies. EVIDENCE REVIEW: The PubMed database was searched for systematic reviews of medical imaging DTA studies that performed a meta-analysis...
February 5, 2024: JAMA Network Open
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daphna Marom, Adi Mory, Sivan Reytan-Miron, Yam Amir, Alina Kurolap, Julia Grinshpun Cohen, Yocheved Morhi, Tatiana Smolkin, Lior Cohen, Shmuel Zangen, Adel Shalata, Arieh Riskin, Amir Peleg, Karen Lavie-Nevo, Dror Mandel, Elana Chervinsky, Clari Felszer Fisch, Vered Fleisher Sheffer, Tzipora C Falik-Zaccai, Jonathan Rips, Noa Ofek Shlomai, Smadar Eventov Friedman, Calanit Hershkovich Shporen, Sagie Josefsberg Ben-Yehoshua, Aryeh Simmonds, Racheli Goldfarb Yaacobi, Sofia Bauer-Rusek, Hussam Omari, Karin Weiss, Ori Hochwald, Arie Koifman, Omer Globus, Nurit Assia Batzir, Naveh Yaron, Reeval Segel, Iris Morag, Orit Reish, Aviva Eliyahu, Leah Leibovitch, Marina Eskin Schwartz, Ramy Abramsky, Amit Hochberg, Anat Oron, Ehud Banne, Igor Portnov, Nadra Nasser Samra, Amihood Singer, Hagit Baris Feldman
IMPORTANCE: National implementation of rapid trio genome sequencing (rtGS) in a clinical acute setting is essential to ensure advanced and equitable care for ill neonates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, diagnostic efficacy, and clinical utility of rtGS in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) throughout Israel. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prospective, public health care-based, multicenter cohort study was conducted from October 2021 to December 2022 with the Community Genetics Department of the Israeli Ministry of Health and all Israeli medical genetics institutes (n = 18) and NICUs (n = 25)...
February 5, 2024: JAMA Network Open
#5
COMMENT
Andrew D Auerbach, Tiffany M Lee, Colin C Hubbard, Sumant R Ranji, Katie Raffel, Gilmer Valdes, John Boscardin, Anuj K Dalal, Alyssa Harris, Ellen Flynn, Jeffrey L Schnipper
IMPORTANCE: Diagnostic errors contribute to patient harm, though few data exist to describe their prevalence or underlying causes among medical inpatients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, underlying cause, and harms of diagnostic errors among hospitalized adults transferred to an intensive care unit (ICU) or who died. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective cohort study conducted at 29 academic medical centers in the US in a random sample of adults hospitalized with general medical conditions and who were transferred to an ICU, died, or both from January 1 to December 31, 2019...
February 1, 2024: JAMA Internal Medicine
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elaine Chen, Flavia M Facio, Kerry W Aradhya, Susan Rojahn, Kathryn E Hatchell, Sienna Aguilar, Karen Ouyang, Sulagna Saitta, Andrea K Hanson-Kwan, Nicole Nakousi Capurro, Eriko Takamine, Saumya Shekhar Jamuar, Dianalee McKnight, Britt Johnson, Swaroop Aradhya
IMPORTANCE: Variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) are rampant in clinical genetic testing, frustrating clinicians, patients, and laboratories because the uncertainty hinders diagnoses and clinical management. A comprehensive assessment of VUSs across many disease genes is needed to guide efforts to reduce uncertainty. OBJECTIVE: To describe the sources, gene distribution, and population-level attributes of VUSs and to evaluate the impact of the different types of evidence used to reclassify them...
October 2, 2023: JAMA Network Open
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan Huang, Luke Neill, Matthew Wittbrodt, David Melnick, Matthew Klug, Michael Thompson, John Bailitz, Timothy Loftus, Sanjeev Malik, Amit Phull, Victoria Weston, J Alex Heller, Mozziyar Etemadi
IMPORTANCE: Multimodal generative artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies have the potential to optimize emergency department care by producing draft radiology reports from input images. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy and quality of AI-generated chest radiograph interpretations in the emergency department setting. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective diagnostic study of 500 randomly sampled emergency department encounters at a tertiary care institution including chest radiographs interpreted by both a teleradiology service and on-site attending radiologist from January 2022 to January 2023...
October 2, 2023: JAMA Network Open
#8
MULTICENTER STUDY
Jill L Maron, Stephen Kingsmore, Bruce D Gelb, Jerry Vockley, Kristen Wigby, Jennifer Bragg, Annemarie Stroustrup, Brenda Poindexter, Kristen Suhrie, Jae H Kim, Thomas Diacovo, Cynthia M Powell, Andrea Trembath, Lucia Guidugli, Katarzyna A Ellsworth, Dallas Reed, Anne Kurfiss, Janis L Breeze, Ludovic Trinquart, Jonathan M Davis
IMPORTANCE: Genomic testing in infancy guides medical decisions and can improve health outcomes. However, it is unclear whether genomic sequencing or a targeted neonatal gene-sequencing test provides comparable molecular diagnostic yields and times to return of results. OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes of genomic sequencing with those of a targeted neonatal gene-sequencing test. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Genomic Medicine for Ill Neonates and Infants (GEMINI) study was a prospective, comparative, multicenter study of 400 hospitalized infants younger than 1 year of age (proband) and their parents, when available, suspected of having a genetic disorder...
July 11, 2023: JAMA
#9
EDITORIAL
Roger J Lewis, Kert Viele
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
June 20, 2023: JAMA
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jesper Tveit, Harald Aurlien, Sergey Plis, Vince D Calhoun, William O Tatum, Donald L Schomer, Vibeke Arntsen, Fieke Cox, Firas Fahoum, William B Gallentine, Elena Gardella, Cecil D Hahn, Aatif M Husain, Sudha Kessler, Mustafa Aykut Kural, Fábio A Nascimento, Hatice Tankisi, Line B Ulvin, Richard Wennberg, Sándor Beniczky
IMPORTANCE: Electroencephalograms (EEGs) are a fundamental evaluation in neurology but require special expertise unavailable in many regions of the world. Artificial intelligence (AI) has a potential for addressing these unmet needs. Previous AI models address only limited aspects of EEG interpretation such as distinguishing abnormal from normal or identifying epileptiform activity. A comprehensive, fully automated interpretation of routine EEG based on AI suitable for clinical practice is needed...
June 20, 2023: JAMA Neurology
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammed Kashani-Sabet, Sancy A Leachman, Jennifer A Stein, Jack L Arbiser, Elizabeth G Berry, Julide T Celebi, Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski, Laura K Ferris, Jane M Grant-Kels, Douglas Grossman, Rajan P Kulkarni, Michael A Marchetti, Kelly C Nelson, David Polsky, Elizabeth V Seiverling, Susan M Swetter, Hensin Tsao, Alexandra Verdieck-Devlaeminck, Maria L Wei, Anna Bar, Edmund K Bartlett, Jean L Bolognia, Tawnya L Bowles, Kelly B Cha, Emily Y Chu, Rebecca I Hartman, Elena B Hawryluk, Risa M Jampel, Lilit Karapetyan, Meenal Kheterpal, David H Lawson, Philip D Leming, Tracey N Liebman, Michael E Ming, Debjani Sahni, Stephanie A Savory, Saba S Shaikh, Arthur J Sober, Vernon K Sondak, Natalie Spaccarelli, Richard P Usatine, Suraj Venna, John M Kirkwood
IMPORTANCE: Therapy for advanced melanoma has transformed during the past decade, but early detection and prognostic assessment of cutaneous melanoma (CM) remain paramount goals. Best practices for screening and use of pigmented lesion evaluation tools and gene expression profile (GEP) testing in CM remain to be defined. OBJECTIVE: To provide consensus recommendations on optimal screening practices and prebiopsy diagnostic, postbiopsy diagnostic, and prognostic assessment of CM...
March 15, 2023: JAMA Dermatology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yaping Zhang, Mingqian Liu, Lu Zhang, Lingyun Wang, Keke Zhao, Shundong Hu, Xu Chen, Xueqian Xie
IMPORTANCE: Artificial intelligence (AI) can interpret abnormal signs in chest radiography (CXR) and generate captions, but a prospective study is needed to examine its practical value. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively compare natural language processing (NLP)-generated CXR captions and the diagnostic findings of radiologists. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A multicenter diagnostic study was conducted. The training data set included CXR images and reports retrospectively collected from February 1, 2014, to February 28, 2018...
February 1, 2023: JAMA Network Open
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chace Lee, Angelica Willis, Christina Chen, Marcin Sieniek, Amber Watters, Bethany Stetson, Akib Uddin, Jonny Wong, Rory Pilgrim, Katherine Chou, Daniel Tse, Shravya Shetty, Ryan G Gomes
IMPORTANCE: Fetal ultrasonography is essential for confirmation of gestational age (GA), and accurate GA assessment is important for providing appropriate care throughout pregnancy and for identifying complications, including fetal growth disorders. Derivation of GA from manual fetal biometry measurements (ie, head, abdomen, and femur) is operator dependent and time-consuming. OBJECTIVE: To develop artificial intelligence (AI) models to estimate GA with higher accuracy and reliability, leveraging standard biometry images and fly-to ultrasonography videos...
January 3, 2023: JAMA Network Open
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vivian Hsiao, Elian Massoud, Catherine Jensen, Yanchen Zhang, Bret M Hanlon, Mary Hitchcock, Natalia Arroyo, Alexander S Chiu, Sara Fernandes-Taylor, Oguzhan Alagoz, Kaitlin Sundling, Virginia LiVolsi, David O Francis
IMPORTANCE: Fine-needle biopsy (FNB) became a critical part of thyroid nodule evaluation in the 1970s. It is not clear how diagnostic accuracy of FNB has changed over time. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis estimating the accuracy of thyroid FNB for diagnosis of malignancy in adults with a newly diagnosed thyroid nodule and to characterize changes in accuracy over time. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 1975 to 2020 using search terms related to FNB accuracy in the thyroid...
December 1, 2022: JAMA Surgery
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fatemeh Homayounieh, Subba Digumarthy, Shadi Ebrahimian, Johannes Rueckel, Boj Friedrich Hoppe, Bastian Oliver Sabel, Sailesh Conjeti, Karsten Ridder, Markus Sistermanns, Lei Wang, Alexander Preuhs, Florin Ghesu, Awais Mansoor, Mateen Moghbel, Ariel Botwin, Ramandeep Singh, Samuel Cartmell, John Patti, Christian Huemmer, Andreas Fieselmann, Clemens Joerger, Negar Mirshahzadeh, Victorine Muse, Mannudeep Kalra
Importance: Most early lung cancers present as pulmonary nodules on imaging, but these can be easily missed on chest radiographs. Objective: To assess if a novel artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm can help detect pulmonary nodules on radiographs at different levels of detection difficulty. Design, Setting, and Participants: This diagnostic study included 100 posteroanterior chest radiograph images taken between 2000 and 2010 of adult patients from an ambulatory health care center in Germany and a lung image database in the US...
December 1, 2021: JAMA Network Open
#16
MULTICENTER STUDY
Andrea Prinzi, Sarah K Parker, Cary Thurm, Meghan Birkholz, Anna Sick-Samuels
IMPORTANCE: Endotracheal aspirate cultures are commonly collected from patients with mechanical ventilation to evaluate for ventilator-associated pneumonia or tracheitis. However, the respiratory tract is not sterile, making differentiating between colonization from bacterial infection challenging, and results may be unreliable owing to variable specimen quality and sample processing across laboratories. Despite these limitations, clinicians routinely interpret bacterial growth in endotracheal aspirate cultures as evidence of infection, sometimes regardless of organism significance, prompting antibiotic treatment...
December 1, 2021: JAMA Network Open
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brandon M Herbert, Amber E Johnson, Michael K Paasche-Orlow, Maria M Brooks, Jared W Magnani
Importance: Individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP) may be unaware of underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) owing to a lack of diagnostic testing or poor communication with health care practitioners. Objective: To evaluate whether participants with anginal symptoms and LEP would be less likely to report a history of CVD compared with those without LEP. Design, Study, and Participants: This population-based cross-sectional study combined data from 5 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles conducted from 2007 to 2016...
December 1, 2021: JAMA Network Open
#18
REVIEW
Tasha Wainstein, Sheila K Marshall, Colin J D Ross, Alice K Virani, Jehannine C Austin, Alison M Elliott
Importance: The number of adolescents who are diagnosed with a genetic disorder is increasing as genome sequencing becomes the standard of clinical diagnostic testing. However, the experience of receiving a diagnosis of a genetic condition has not been extensively studied in adolescents. Objective: To identify how adolescents with a genetic condition engage with genetic or genomic counseling services as well as interpret, adapt to, and experience their diagnosis...
February 1, 2022: JAMA Pediatrics
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mustafa Nasir-Moin, Arief A Suriawinata, Bing Ren, Xiaoying Liu, Douglas J Robertson, Srishti Bagchi, Naofumi Tomita, Jason W Wei, Todd A MacKenzie, Judy R Rees, Saeed Hassanpour
Importance: Colorectal polyps are common, and their histopathologic classification is used in the planning of follow-up surveillance. Substantial variation has been observed in pathologists' classification of colorectal polyps, and improved assessment by pathologists may be associated with reduced subsequent underuse and overuse of colonoscopy. Objective: To compare standard microscopic assessment with an artificial intelligence (AI)-augmented digital system that annotates regions of interest within digitized polyp tissue and predicts polyp type using a deep learning model to assist pathologists in colorectal polyp classification...
November 1, 2021: JAMA Network Open
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jared C Dublin, Michael Papazian, Elcin Zan, Thaira Oweity, Wei Sun, Adam Jacobson, Kepal Patel, Tamar C Brandler, Babak Givi
Importance: Genomic classifiers were developed to better guide clinicians in the treatment of indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITNs). To our knowledge, whether there is variation in the diagnostic accuracy of these tests depending on ITN size has not been previously studied. Objective: To analyze the diagnostic performance of a genomic classifier in relation to ITN size. Design, Setting, and Participants: A case series study with medical records review was conducted including all patients with a cytologic diagnosis of ITN managed with genomic classifier testing and surgery from January 2015 to December 2018 at NYU Langone Health...
November 4, 2021: JAMA Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery
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