hematological pathology

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) encompasses a diverse spectrum of aggressive B-cell lymphomas with remarkable genetic heterogeneity and myriad clinical presentations. Multiplatform genomic analyses of DLBCL have identified oncogenic drivers within genetic subtypes that allow for pathologic subclassification of tumors into discrete entities with shared immunophenotypic, genetic, and clinical features. Robust classification of lymphoid tumors establishes a foundation for precision medicine and enables the identification of novel therapeutic vulnerabilities within biologically homogeneous entities...

Nontraumatic pathologic conditions of the craniovertebral junction encompass a range of conditions affecting the complex anatomy of this region without direct physical injury. These conditions include congenital syndromes that predispose individuals to ligamentous laxity, potentially leading to instability. Additionally, rare but noteworthy cases such as Grisel syndrome, a cause of pediatric torticollis, may arise without a traumatic trigger. Inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and crystal deposition, can lead to cervical instability and spinal cord compression...

BACKGROUND: Babesiosomes are apicomplexan parasites of both marine and freshwater fish species. AIM: In this study, we recorded the prevalence of Babesiosoma spp in two Egyptian freshwater fish species; the common carp and the African catfish with full pathological evaluation of the diseased condition, hematological and biochemical analysis of some parameters with exact recognition of the parasite with different methods. METHODS: Two hundred and forty fish blood samples from Al-Sharqiya and Al-Ismailia governorates from August 2022 to January 2023 followed by blood film examinations, performing electron microscopy and molecular detection of the parasite via polymerase chain reaction...

BACKGROUND: One of the most challenging pests to control is the wild rat ( Rattus norvegicus ), which poses serious risks to both human health and the economy. Fertilizers are a more recent method of pest management with various action modes and are considered safe control agents when applied at low doses. AIM: The present study aimed to examine the toxicological impacts of the contaminated water with urea and camphor oil individually, post-treatment of rats with camphor oil after the pre-treatment with urea and post-treatment of rats with urea mixed with camphor oil after urea pre-treatment against the wild rats ( R...

Pathological conditions linked to shear stress have been identified in hematological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. These conditions often exhibit significantly elevated shear stress levels, surpassing 1000 dyn/cm2 in severely stenotic arteries. Heightened shear stress can induce mechanical harm to endothelial cells, potentially leading to bleeding and fatal consequences. However, current technology still grapples with limitations, including inadequate flexibility in simulating bodily shear stress environments, limited range of shear stress generation, and spatial and temporal adaptability...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS) represent a diverse group of pathologically distinct diseases with varying prognoses and risks of leukemia progression. This review aims to discuss current treatment options for elderly patients with MDS, focusing on patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy or allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The challenges associated with treatment in this population and emerging therapeutic prospects are also explored...

The use of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) for musculoskeletal ailments is growing. WBC, involving brief exposure to extremely low temperatures, is increasingly used for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The paper examines the physiological impacts of WBC on cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, hematologic, hormonal, and metabolic systems. Specific orthopaedic applications discussed include its role in the management of fractures, osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, osteomyelitis, adhesive capsulitis, tendinopathies, rheumatic pathologies, chronic pain syndromes, and fibromyalgia...

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory processes play an important role in the aggressiveness of a tumor. However, the relationship between inflammatory markers in meningioma grade is not well known. Knowledge of preoperative meningioma grade plays an important role in the prognosis and treatment of this tumor. This study aims to assess preoperative hematological inflammatory markers as a predictor of the pathological grade of meningioma. METHODS: To ensure comprehensive retrieval of relevant studies, we searched the following key databases, PubMed, Science Direct, and Biomed Central, with evidence related to preoperative hematological inflammatory markers among meningioma up to September 2023...

Domestic dogs can maintain health on complete and well-balanced canine plant-based nutrition (K9PBN). Novel insight on health outcomes in dogs consuming K9PBN is of relevance to veterinary professionals and consumers given a growing interest in non-traditional dog foods with perceived health benefits, while considering potential safety concerns. We aimed to investigate nutritional equivalence by measuring clinical health outcomes in adult dogs fed K9PBN over twelve months compared to a meat-based diet at baseline...

BACKGROUND: Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematologic malignancy arising from precursor dendritic cells. It is a rare and challenging clinical presentation. For decades, there has been no treatment course for managing BPDCN and its overall prognosis is poor. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report a 27-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital due to an orbital tumor as the first symptom. Progressive enlargement of the orbital tumor was accompanied by multiple purple circular nodules on the body trunk...

A 10-year-old neutered male Maltese dog was presented for an investigation of lymphocytosis. The dog was up-to-date on vaccinations and deworming. Physical examination did not reveal any significant abnormalities. A complete blood cell count (CBC) showed mild leukocytosis with moderate lymphocytosis, basophilia, and moderate neutropenia, but no significant left shift or toxic change. Serum biochemistry and urinalysis were unremarkable. All performed tests for infectious agents common in this geographical region were negative...

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic hematological disorder associated with severe complications, such as vaso-occlusive crises, acute chest syndrome (ACS), and an increased risk of thromboembolic events, including pulmonary embolism (PE). The diagnosis of PE in SCD patients presents challenges due to the overlapping symptoms with other pulmonary conditions. Our previous study revealed that nearly 96% of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scans in SCD patients were negative for PE, highlighting a gap in understanding the significance of CTPA findings when PE is absent...

We report a rare case of spontaneous regression (SR) in an elderly untreated patient with multiple solitary plasmacytoma (MSP). Diagnosis of MSP was confirmed through surgical resection of the left nasal cavity mass and subsequent biopsy of the right humerus. The patient was considered ineligible for chemotherapy due to poor performance status. At 3-month post-diagnosis, the patient's condition worsened with deteriorating bone lesions and emergence of a new serum monoclonal protein. However, these clinical findings completely disappeared at 6 months, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography at 1 year confirmed complete metabolic remission...

Iron deficiency anemia and pre-anemic iron deficiency are the most frequent pathologies. The first line of treatment involves oral iron supplementation. The simplest, least expensive, and most frequently prescribed drug is ferrous sulfate, while other ferrous salts and ferric complexes with polysaccharides or succinylated milk proteins are also widely used. In recent years, novel iron formulations have been developed, such as the lipophilic iron donor ferric maltol, or nanoparticle encapsulated sucrosomial® iron...

We present a rare case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to nasal-type extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL). Nasal-type ENKL is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma usually associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The patient was a 19-year-old woman who presented with facial numbness, diminished hearing, and dysgeusia. She was febrile with palatal necrosis, loss of gag reflex, and cranial nerve palsies. Labs revealed neutropenia. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials, including amphotericin, were started...

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The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) receptor family (SLAMF) consists of nine glycoproteins that belong to the CD2 superfamily of immunoglobulin (Ig) domain-containing molecules. SLAMF receptors modulate the differentiation and activation of a wide range of immune cells. Individual SLAMF receptors are expressed on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells, B cells, T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and platelets...

The development of novel anticoagulants requires a comprehensive investigational approach that is capable of characterizing different aspects of antithrombotic activity. The necessary experiments include both in vitro assays and studies on animal models. The required in vivo approaches include the assessment of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and studies of hemorrhagic and antithrombotic effects. Comparison of anticoagulants with different mechanisms of action and administration types requires unification of the experiment scheme and its adaptation to existing laboratory conditions...

Changes in the components, variety, metabolism, and products of microbiomes, particularly of the gut microbiome (GM), have been revealed to be closely associated with the onset and progression of numerous human illnesses, including hematological neoplasms. Among the latter pathologies, there is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most widespread malignant neoplasm in pediatric subjects. Accordingly, ALL cases present a typical dysfunctional GM during all its clinical stages and resulting inflammation, which contributes to its progression, altered response to therapy, and possible relapses...

BACKGROUND: To predict pathological complete response (pCR) in patients receiving neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), we explored the factors that influence pCR after nICT and established a combined nomogram model. METHODS: We retrospectively included 164 ESCC patients treated with nICT. The radiomics signature and hematology model were constructed utilizing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and the radiomics score (radScore) and hematology score (hemScore) were determined for each patient...