cryoglobulinemia

PURPOSE: To describe two cases of ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) that were initially ruled out due to a negative carotid duplex ultrasound (DUS) but eventually confirmed by angiography studies. METHODS: Case series. RESULTS: Case 1: A 67-year-old female presented with symptoms suggestive of OIS, but carotid DUS was negative, and the patient was diagnosed with occlusive retinal vasculitis due to retinal non-perfusion and vascular leakage on fluorescein angiography (FA)...

Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) is a complication of monoclonal plasma cell tumors. The frequency of HVS depends on the type of monoclonal protein. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is more closely associated with HVS than IgG, and among IgG subclass monoclonal proteins, IgG3 is most frequently associated with HVS. We herein report a 44-year-old woman with multiple myeloma (MM), HVS, and cryoglobulinemia. Her monoclonal protein and cryoglobulin were IgG1-lambda (λ). She developed HVS at a lower monoclonal protein level because of the properties of the IgG1-derived monoclonal protein and cryoglobulin...

The detection of cryoglobulins (CG) used to diagnose cryoglobulinemic vasculitis requires strict adherence to protocol, with emphasis on the preanalytical part. Our main objectives were to introduce a more sensitive and specific protocol for the detection of CG and to characterize CG in Slovenian patients diagnosed with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, other vasculitides, connective tissue diseases or non-rheumatic diseases examined at the Department of Rheumatology (University Medical Centre Ljubljana). Samples were routinely analyzed for the presence of CG with the protocol using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated as up 40-70% of patients with extrahepatic manifestations (EHM) and 36 different syndromes. These could be attributed to the fact that HCV is lymphotropic, particularly B lymphotropic, and not merely hepatotropic, and could trigger immunological alterations indirectly by exerting a chronic stimulus on the immune system with production of immunoglobulins having rheumatoid activity forming immune complexes and production of cryoglobulins. Cryoglobulinemoa plays a pivotal role in producing most EHM of HCV such as vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, arthritis and neuropathies...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a progressive, systemic disease which leads to the development of end-stage liver disease. In 70% of patients, HCV infection is followed by the development of extrahepatic manifestations (EHM). A common EHM is HCV associated neurocognitive disorder (HCV-AND), characterized by neuropsychological changes in attention, working memory, psychomotor speed, executive function, verbal learning, and recall. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between the neurocognitive profile and routine, available laboratory parameters of inflammation, liver function tests, grade of liver fibrosis, and clinical and laboratory parameters of mixed cryoglobulinemia in treatment naïve non-cirrhotic HCV patients...

BACKGROUND: It has been observed that SARS-CoV-2 infections are associated with the development of various de-novo autoimmune diseases; little is known on new-onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN) after SARS-CoV-2 infections. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of previously reported cases with a presumed association of new-onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN)...

INTRODUCTION: Cryoglobulinemia refers to the presence of cryoglobulins (CGs) in the serum, encompassing a group of diseases caused by the type of circulating GC. Cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis (CryoGN) is the principal manifestation of renal involvement. The diagnosis may be challenging because the hallmark of cryoglobulinemia is the detection of CG in the serum. However, cases of CryoGN without serological evidence of CGs are not uncommon in clinical practice, often diagnosed by anatomopathological findings in the renal biopsy...

INTRODUCTION: Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is a type of small vessel vasculitis diseases that can cause dysfunction in multiple organs. It is characterized by general symptoms, often accompanied by nonspecific cutaneous, articular, neurological, and renal manifestations. Diagnosing cryoglobulinemia through biological testing can be time-consuming and sometimes yields negative results, making diagnosis challenging. There are also other potentially life-threatening complications that can significantly impact prognosis and delay urgent treatment, including digestive manifestations and heart failure...

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Analyzing literature sources, to assess possibilities of using the method of intradermal immunization with native autoleukocytes to treat different diseases, to investigate the areas of usage, efficacy and expediency of the technique in clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Analysis of literature sources associated with intradermal immunization with native autoleukocytes. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The possibilities of using the method of intradermal immunization with native autoleukocytes in the treatment of various diseases are consid¬ered in the literature review...

When a patient with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis develops a concurrent liver disease, it is typically associated with hepatitis C. Here, we report the case of a patient with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and autoimmune hepatitis. A 54-year-old previously healthy woman presented with chronic urticaria. A skin biopsy revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis and elevated serum cryoglobulins, leading to a diagnosis of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. She also had abnormal liver functions, high IgG levels, positive antinuclear antibodies, and anti-smooth muscle antibodies...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To describe frequency and type of ocular manifestations in patients with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV), as well as management approaches and outcomes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational, cohort study of patients who were diagnosed with CV at a single center and regularly underwent a comprehensive ocular assessment. RESULTS: Ophthalmologic manifestations were recorded in 16 patients (28%). The diagnoses included dry eye disease and primary Sjögren syndrome in 5 and 2 patients, respectively; peripheral ulcerative keratitis and anterior scleritis in 1 patient each; hyperviscosity syndrome and hypertensive retinopathy in 2 patients each; and Purtscher- like retinopathy in 3 patients...

The presence of a serum paraprotein (PP) is usually associated with plasma-cell dyscrasias, Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, and cryoglobulinemia. However, PP is also often reported in other high- and low-grade B-cell malignancies. As these reports are sparse and heterogeneous, an overall view on this topic is lacking, Therefore, we carried out a complete literature review to detail the characteristics, and highlight differences and similarities among lymphoma entities associated with PP...

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare necrotizing vasculitis that affects medium-sized arteries. The association of hepatitis B virus (HBV)and HIV with PAN is well documented. Although there are documented cases of PAN in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the connection between PAN and HCV is not well established. We report a case of PAN in a patient with HCV infection who failed treatment with interferon.

Monoclonocal gammopathy with cryoactivity (i.e. cryoglobulins) that causes glomerulonephritis is considered within the spectrum of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS). Cryofibrinogenemia (cryoactivity of coagulation factors) is very rarely associated with glomerulonephritis. We present a 39 year old woman with a relapsing nephrotic syndrome. Laboratory investigation detected cryofibrinogen, the precipitate consisted of fibrinogen and a monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein; IgG-λ), the latter was also detected in serum (4 g/L)...

INTRODUCTION: Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV), also known as mixed cryoglobulinemic syndrome (MCS), is a systemic vasculitis that affects small blood vessels. It exhibits a wide range of clinical manifestations, making its treatment a continuing challenge for physicians. AREAS COVERED: We conducted a comprehensive review to evaluate the current status of diagnosis, management, and treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). The accurate clinical and serological evaluation plays a vital role in diagnosing MC, identifying potential comorbidities, and monitoring its main manifestations and complications...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare two matched populations of patients with MTCD with and without associated ILD and to identify predictive factors for ILD progression and severity. METHODS: This international multicenter retrospective study (14 tertiary hospitals), included MCTD patients who fulfilled at least one historical MCTD classification criteria. ILD was defined by the presence of typical chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) abnormalities. Factors associated with ILD were assessed at baseline...

Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses unique challenges in patients with kidney disease. Direct-acting antivirals have been a major breakthrough in eradicating HCV infection, and several pangenotypic regimens are available for patients with chronic kidney disease or end-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis with high cure rates and no need for dose adjustment. Direct-acting antiviral therapy alone can treat HCV-associated cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis; concurrent antiviral and immunosuppressive therapy is needed for cases of severe, organ-threatening manifestations of cryoglobulinemia...