Granuloma

INTRODUCTION: Over the few last decades, dermoscopy has become an invaluable and popular imaging technique that complements the diagnostic armamentarium of dermatologists, being employed for both tumors and inflammatory diseases. Whereas distinction between neoplastic and inflammatory lesions is often straightforward based on clinical data, there are some scenarios that may be troublesome, e.g., solitary inflammatory lesions or tumors superimposed to a widespread inflammatory condition that may share macroscopic morphological findings...

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PURPOSE: To report a rare case of a toxoplasma chorioretinitis in one eye and peripheral ocular toxocariasis granuloma in the fellow eye of the same patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective case report. RESULTS: A 44-year-old male presented with gradual loss of vision over the past weeks. The patient was diagnosed with ocular toxoplasma chorioretinitis recurrence in his right eye and an inactive peripheral granuloma of ocular toxocariasis was found in the left eye...

Blau syndrome is a rare familial autoinflammatory disorder characterized by the triad of granulomatous dermatitis, polyarthritis, and uveitis. Blau syndrome exhibits an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and can be caused by a gain-of-function mutation in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), a member of the NOD-like receptor family of pattern recognition receptors. Mutations in NOD2 cause upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and resultant autoinflammation. Because of the rarity of this condition and early onset of symptoms, Blau syndrome may be misdiagnosed as juvenile idiopathic arthritis...

UNLABELLED: Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a potentially lethal subtype of myocarditis. Herein, we report a case of a 22-year-old woman with GCM who was successfully treated with prednisolone monotherapy. The patient had a fever and shortness of breath and was referred to our hospital. Laboratory test results revealed elevated troponin I levels. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) showed high intensity in the inferoseptal segment of the left ventricle on T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery imaging without late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), suggesting predominant edema rather than necrosis...

BACKGROUND: Nocardiosis is primarily an opportunistic infection affecting immunocompromised individuals, with a predilection for the lungs, brain, or skin in those with compromised immune function. Granulomatous hepatitis caused by Nocardia is a rare clinical manifestation. This study aims to provide a systematic overview of the clinical features of Nocardiosis caused by Nocardia farcinica, enhancing our understanding of this disease. METHODS: We report a case of a 75-year-old male with no underlying diseases presenting with a history of "recurrent fever for more than 4 months", along with fatigue, poor appetite, and pleural and abdominal effusion...

INTRODUCTION: Dimorphic fungi cause infection following the inhalation of spores into the pulmonary system. In the lower respiratory tract, the conidia transform into yeasts, which are engulfed by alveolar macrophages and may be destroyed without disease manifestation. However, in some immunocompromised individuals, they may persist and cause active fungal disease characterized by formation of granulomas in the infected tissues, which may mimic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of pulmonary dimorphic fungal infections among HIV/AIDS patients with non-TB chronic cough at Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital in Kampala, Uganda...

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Central and peripheral giant cell granulomas are benign entities mostly seen in mandibular anterior region at female individuals, usually with observed recurrence. Their etiology is still unclear, as is the optimal method for treating them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, treatment methods, recurrence rates, and initial and definitive correlation of central and peripheral giant cell granulomas. Patients who were referred to our clinic between 2013 and 2023 and who had the lesions' definitive diagnosis as "central giant cell granuloma" (CGCG) or "peripheral giant cell granuloma" (PGCG) were included in the study...

Nocardia seriolae pathogen causes chronic granulomatous disease, reportedly affecting over 40 species of marine and freshwater cultured fish. Hence, research is required to address and eliminate this significant threat to the aquaculture industry. In this respect, a reliable and reproducible infection model needs to be established to better understand the biology of this pathogen and its interactions with the host during infection, as well as to develop new vaccines or other effective treatment methods. In this study, we examined the pathogenicity of the pathogen and the immune response of snakehead (Channa argus) juvenile to N...

Sarcoidosis is a disease characterized by non-caseating granulomas that can involve the central nervous system as neurosarcoidosis. This challenging disease is currently managed with high dose steroids, and sometimes the addition of infliximab. Other TNA-alpha inhibitors have not been studied as rigorously. We discovered ten neurosarcoidosis patients who were on an alternative TNA-alpha inhibitor, adalimumab. Eight patients had a positive response clinically and radiographically to adalimumab.

Pancreatic tuberculosis (TB) is a rare condition that can be challenging to distinguish from other pancreatic neoplasms. We present the case of a 48-year-old Indian male who complained of persistent vague epigastric pain for two months. Other physicians saw him and treated him like a dyspeptic case. He gave a history of daily alcohol consumption. Routine investigations, including amylase and lipase levels, were within normal limits. However, an abdominal ultrasound revealed a cystic lesion in the body of the pancreas, prompting further investigation...

A 62-year-old woman, originally from Peru, with rheumatoid arthritis under treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy, was admitted due to constitutional syndrome and suspicion of neoplasia. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed involvement of three segments of the colon, ascites, and likely peritoneal implants. Ascitic fluid analysis showed elevated adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels and lymphocytosis. The patient presented with hematemesis and hematochezia with hemodynamic instability. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy identified an extensive ulcer in the middle esophagus with a granular base, elevated and defined edges, indeterminate for malignancy and without blood residues...

BACKGROUND: Granuloma formation is an uncommon and persistent skin inflammatory condition caused by the injection of dermal fillers. The exact cause of this reaction is not well understood, but it may be associated with irritating components or abnormal immune function. Treating granulomas can be difficult. However, recent research has shown that Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors hold promise as a potential therapy for refractory granulomatous diseases. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib as a treatment for granulomas secondary to filler injection and the possible mechanisms were discussed and summarized...

Pus discharge containing black granular materials (1-2 mm in diameter) was found in the abdominal skin of a 13-year-old sterilized female cat. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large intra-abdominal mass with abundant blood flow beneath the skin lesion. Laparotomy revealed a large mass that adhered to the spleen and left kidney. Similar small lesions were found in the abdominal wall and mesentery. The masses were surgically removed along with the spleen and kidney. Histopathologically, the mass lesions consisted of granulomas with lesional pigmented fungi, and the cat was diagnosed with phaeohyphomycosis...

BACKGROUND: novel oncologic therapies, including epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFR-Is) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), are associated with a new spectrum of adverse reactions, with prominent cutaneous toxicities. The impact of cutaneous adverse events (cAEs) on patients' quality of life (QoL) represents an unmet clinical need. OBJECTIVES: 1) to assess whether cutaneous toxicities directed therapies are effective in reducing the QoL burden via the submission of two patient reported outcome measures (PROMs); 2) to investigate whether class of oncologic therapy, type of cAE and toxicity severity differently impact on patients' QoL...

Sarcoidosis, a multifaceted systemic disorder characterized histologically by the presence of non-caseating granulomas, has a wide array of cutaneous manifestations. We describe a case of a 74-year-old woman with a complex medical history, who presented with asymptomatic hyperpigmented papules on her lower extremities. Histological examination of a punch biopsy specimen showed nodular and angiocentric patterns of granulomatous inflammation consistent with sarcoidosis, and chest radiography demonstrated bilateral hilar opacities, supporting the diagnosis...

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory condition presenting with the formation of noncaseating granulomas. These granulomas can be found in nearly every organ of the body, but in 90% of cases the lungs are involved. Osseous manifestations are seen in only 3% to 13% of cases and are typically seen alongside the more common pulmonary manifestations. These lesions can be misdiagnosed as metastatic cancer so biopsy, along with clinical correlation and exclusion of other diseases, is necessary to make the diagnosis...

N-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavan-3-ols (EPSFs) are a newly discovered compound class in tea with various bioactivities. This study aimed to develop a novel processing technique to enhance EPSF contents in white tea efficiently. Using optimal processing parameters of 125 °C and 30 min in a high-temperature sterilizing oven, total EPSF content significantly increased by 1.42-18.80-fold to 1.57-6.22 mg/g without impacting sensory characteristics. Metabolomics analysis revealed elevated levels of nucleosides, nucleotides, bases, theaflavins, flavonol aglycones, EPSFs, and most flavone-C-glycosides, as well as decreased levels of amino acids, procyanidins, theasinensins, several flavanols, and flavonol-O-glycosides after EPSF-enrichment treatment...

BACKGROUND: A typical non-neoplastic connective tissue proliferations called a pyogenic granuloma. A vascular adhesion molecule used to assess angiogenesis is the CD34 marker. The primary memberof a family of growth factors, VEGF helps in generating and maintaining the lymphatic and blood circulation systems. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to know the correlation between VEGF and CD34 protein marker and pyogenic granuloma. METHODS: Thirty-one formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) blocks were taken from female pyogenic granuloma patients ranging in age from 29 to 70...