keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38545452/predator-metamorphosis-and-its-consequence-for-prey-risk-assessment
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Himal Thapa, Adam L Crane, Gabrielle H Achtymichuk, Sultan M M Sadat, Douglas P Chivers, Maud C O Ferrari
Living with a diverse array of predators provides a significant challenge for prey to learn and retain information about each predator they encounter. Consequently, some prey respond to novel predators because they have previous experience with a perceptually similar predator species, a phenomenon known as generalization of predator recognition. However, it remains unknown whether prey can generalize learned responses across ontogenetic stages of predators. Using wood frog tadpole ( Lithobates sylvaticus ) prey, we conducted two experiments to explore the extent of predator generalization of different life stages of two different predators: (1) predacious diving beetles ( Dytiscus sp...
2024: Behavioral Ecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543998/predictions-of-aeroengines-infrared-radiation-characteristics-based-on-hkelm-optimized-by-the-improved-dung-beetle-optimizer
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lei Qiao, Lihai Chen, Yiwen Li, Weizhuo Hua, Ping Wang, You Cui
To solve the problems of high computational cost and the long time required by the simulation and calculation of aeroengines' exhaust systems, a method of predicting the characteristics of infrared radiation based on the hybrid kernel extreme learning machine (HKELM) optimized by the improved dung beetle optimizer (IDBO) was proposed. Firstly, the Levy flight strategy and variable spiral strategy were introduced to improve the optimization performance of the dung beetle optimizer (DBO) algorithm. Secondly, the superiority of IDBO algorithm was verified by using 23 benchmark functions...
March 7, 2024: Sensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543495/screening-and-isolation-of-xylanolytic-filamentous-fungi-from-the-gut-of-scarabaeidae-dung-beetles-and-dung-beetle-larvae
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Livhuwani Makulana, Daniel C La Grange, Kgabo L M Moganedi, Marlin J Mert, Nkateko N Phasha, Elbert L Jansen van Rensburg
Research on renewable biotechnology for renewable biofuel applications has reached new heights. This is highlighted by extensive biomining for novel enzymes to reduce the production costs from animal and insect gut microbiomes. This study explored the diversity and composition of hemicellulolytic fungi in the gut microbiota from dung beetles of the family Scarabaeidae ( Pachylomerus femoralis , Anachalcos convexus and Euoniticellus intermedius ). Two hundred and twenty-two filamentous fungi were isolated, purified and identified using rDNA sequencing of the ITS and D1/D2 regions...
February 22, 2024: Microorganisms
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543334/designing-lightweight-3d-printable-bioinspired-structures-for-enhanced-compression-and-energy-absorption-properties
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Akhil Harish, Naser A Alsaleh, Mahmoud Ahmadein, Abdullah A Elfar, Joy Djuansjah, Hany Hassanin, Mahmoud Ahmed El-Sayed, Khamis Essa
Recent progress in additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has offered several benefits, including high geometrical freedom and the ability to create bioinspired structures with intricate details. Mantis shrimp can scrape the shells of prey molluscs with its hammer-shaped stick, while beetles have highly adapted forewings that are lightweight, tough, and strong. This paper introduces a design approach for bioinspired lattice structures by mimicking the internal microstructures of a beetle's forewing, a mantis shrimp's shell, and a mantis shrimp's dactyl club, with improved mechanical properties...
March 7, 2024: Polymers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542842/assessment-and-optimization-of-the-insecticidal-properties-of-%C3%AE-al-2-o-3-nanoparticles-derived-from-mentha-pulegium-by-products-to-xylosandrus-crassiusculus-carob-beetle
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fatouma Mohamed Abdoul-Latif, Ayoub Ainane, Fatima-Ezzahra Eddabbeh, Khadija Oumaskour, Jalludin Mohamed, Ahmad Abu Arra, Tarik Ainane
This study concentrates on assessing the insecticidal attributes of the γ-Al2 O3 nanoparticles derived from the remnants of Mentha pulegium , which include essential oil, ethanolic extract, and plant waste. The synthesis of the γ-Al2 O3 nanoparticles was executed using a direct sol-gel procedure, affirming the crystal structure according to extensive physicochemical analyses such as UV-Vis, XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Evaluation of the insecticidal activity in vitro was conducted against Xylosandrus crassiusculus , a pest that infests carob wood, utilizing strains from diverse forests in the Khenifra region, situated in the Moroccan Middle Atlas...
March 8, 2024: Molecules: a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540771/encapsulation-of-fennel-and-basil-essential-oils-in-%C3%AE-cyclodextrin-for-novel-biopesticide-formulation
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nina Devrnja, Boban Anđelković, Jovana Ljujić, Tatjana Ćosić, Sofija Stupar, Milica Milutinović, Jelena Savić
β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a good host for the encapsulation of fennel and basil essential oils (FEO and BEO, respectively) and the formation of inclusion complexes (ICs) using the co-precipitation method. According to the results of the GC/MS analysis conducted in this study, monoterpenes and monoterpenoids were the dominant chemical groups in total FEO, while in BEO, these two groups occurred along with sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids. The presence of dominant compounds from both EOs was validated using the FT-IR spectra of ICs, which indicated successful complexation...
March 14, 2024: Biomolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539961/research-on-indoor-environment-prediction-of-pig-house-based-on-otdbo-tcn-gru-algorithm
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhaodong Guo, Zhe Yin, Yangcheng Lyu, Yuzhi Wang, Sen Chen, Yaoyu Li, Wuping Zhang, Pengfei Gao
Temperature and humidity, along with concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, are critical environmental factors that significantly influence the growth and health of pigs within porcine habitats. The ability to accurately predict these environmental variables in pig houses is pivotal, as it provides crucial decision-making support for the precise and targeted regulation of the internal environmental conditions. This approach ensures an optimal living environment, essential for the well-being and healthy development of the pigs...
March 11, 2024: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38538660/phylogenomics-of-tetraopes-longhorn-beetles-unravels-their-evolutionary-history-and-biogeographic-origins
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nayeli Gutiérrez-Trejo, Matthew H Van Dam, Athena W Lam, Gonzalo Martínez-Herrera, Felipe A Noguera, Thomas Weissling, Jessica L Ware, Víctor H Toledo-Hernández, Frederick W Skillman, Brian D Farrell, Oscar Pérez-Flores, Lorenzo Prendini, James M Carpenter
Tetraopes longhorn beetles are known for their resistance to milkweed plant toxins and their coevolutionary dynamics with milkweed plants (Asclepias). This association is considered a textbook example of coevolution, in which each species of Tetraopes is specialized to feed on one or a few species of Asclepias. A major challenge to investigating coevolutionary hypotheses and conducting molecular ecology studies lies in the limited understanding of the evolutionary history and biogeographical patterns of Tetraopes...
March 27, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536504/intraspecific-niche-models-for-the-invasive-ambrosia-beetle-xylosandrus-crassiusculus-suggest-contrasted-responses-to-climate-change
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
T Urvois, M-A Auger-Rozenberg, A Roques, C Kerdelhué, J-P Rossi
Xylosandrus crassiusculus is an invasive ambrosia beetle comprising two differentiated genetic lineages, named cluster 1 and cluster 2. These lineages invaded different parts of the world at different periods of time. We tested whether they exhibited different climatic niches using Schoener's D and Hellinger's I indices and modeled their current potential geographical ranges using the Maxent algorithm. The resulting models were projected according to future and recent past climate datasets for Europe and the Mediterranean region...
March 27, 2024: Oecologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535362/differential-dominance-of-ecological-processes-shapes-the-longhorn-beetle-community-in-tropical-rainforests-and-temperate-forests-of-southwest-china
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fang Luo, Tial C Ling, Jacob D Wickham, Farkhanda Bibi, Ana Gouveia
(1) Background: Understanding the relationship between community assembly and species coexistence is key to understanding ecosystem diversity. Despite the importance of wood-boring longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) in forests, factors affecting their population dynamics, species richness, and ecological interactions remain underexplored. (2) Methods: We surveyed cerambycid beetles and plants within five plots each across three transects in tropical rainforests and temperate forests of Yunnan, China, known for its rich biodiversity and varied elevation gradients...
February 29, 2024: Insects
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535357/histone-acetylation-enhancing-host-melanization-in-response-to-parasitism-by-an-endoparasitoid-wasp
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kun Jiang, Yan Zhou, Wen Cui, Yan-Wei Han, Pei Chen, Gui-Ming Liao, You-Ming Hou, Bao-Zhen Tang
Endoparasitoids are insects that develop within other insects, employing unique strategies to enhance their offspring's survival. They inject polydnavirus and/or venom into their hosts along with eggs, effectively suppressing the host's immune system. Polydnavirus from Braconidae and Ichneumonidae wasps can integrate into the host's genome to express viral genes using the host's transcription systems. However, the ability of parasitoids without polydnavirus to manipulate host gene expression remains unclear...
February 27, 2024: Insects
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535343/cyantraniliprole-and-thiamethoxam-exposure-changes-expression-of-transcripts-associated-with-small-non-coding-rna-processing-in-the-colorado-potato-beetle
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pierre Bastarache, Kenan Timani, Mariem Ben Youssef, Enock Omakele, Jess L Vickruck, Pier Jr Morin
The Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) can cause extensive damage to agricultural crops worldwide and is a significant insect pest. This insect is notorious for its ability to evade various strategies deployed to control its spread and is known for its relative ease in developing resistance against different insecticides. Various molecular levers are leveraged by L. decemlineata for this resistance to occur, and a complete picture of the genes involved in this process is lacking. While small non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs, are differentially expressed in insects exposed to insecticides, levels of transcript coding for proteins underlying their synthesis remain to be characterized fully...
February 22, 2024: Insects
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535336/flight-dispersal-in-supratidal-rockpool-beetles
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jorge Plaza-Buendía, Juana María Mirón-Gatón, Antonio José García-Meseguer, Adrián Villastrigo, Andrés Millán, Josefa Velasco
Flight dispersal is ecologically relevant for the survival of supratidal rockpool insects. Dispersal has important consequences for colonisation, gene flow, and evolutionary divergence. Here, we compared the flight dispersal capacity of two congeneric beetle species ( Ochthebius quadricollis and Ochthebius lejolisii ) that exclusively inhabit these temporary, fragmented, and extreme habitats. We estimated flight capacity and inferred dispersal in both species using different approaches: experimental flying assays, examination of wing morphology, and comparison of microsatellite markers between species...
February 20, 2024: Insects
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534869/analysis-of-structure-and-function-of-ladybird-leg-and-subsequent-design-and-fabrication-of-a-simplified-leg-structure-for-robotic-applications
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher Mercer, Naoe Hosoda
Many insects are able to walk vertically or upside down on both hard and soft surfaces. In beetles such as the ladybird ( Coccinella septempunctata ), intermolecular forces between tarsal setae on the footpads of the insects make this movement possible. In prior work, adhesion structures made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that mimic the action of the tarsal setae have been developed. It is proposed that these adhesion structures could be attached to a simplified version of the leg of a ladybird and used in practical applications...
March 18, 2024: Biomimetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534868/the-functions-of-phasic-wing-tip-folding-on-flapping-wing-aerodynamics
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yiming Li, Keyu Li, Fang Fu, Yao Li, Bing Li
Insects produce a variety of highly acrobatic maneuvers in flight owing to their ability to achieve various wing-stroke trajectories. Among them, beetles can quickly change their flight velocities and make agile turns. In this work, we report a newly discovered phasic wing-tip-folding phenomenon and its aerodynamic basis in beetles. The wings' flapping trajectories and aerodynamic forces of the tethered flying beetles were recorded simultaneously via motion capture cameras and a force sensor, respectively. The results verified that phasic active spanwise-folding and deployment (PASFD) can exist during flapping flight...
March 18, 2024: Biomimetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534829/biomimetic-structure-and-surface-for-grasping-tasks
#16
REVIEW
Jingyang Li, Fujie Yin, Yu Tian
Under water, on land, or in the air, creatures use a variety of grasping methods to hunt, avoid predators, or carry food. Numerous studies have been conducted to construct a bionic surface for grasping tasks. This paper reviews the typical biomimetic structures and surfaces (wedge-shaped surface, suction cup surface and thorn claw surface) for grasping scenarios. Initially, progress in gecko-inspired wedge-shaped adhesive surfaces is reviewed, encompassing the underlying mechanisms that involve tuning the contact area and peeling behavior...
February 27, 2024: Biomimetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533733/first-molecular-identification-of-haemonchus-contortus-nematoda-trichostrongylidae-a-blood-sucking-gastric-nematode-of-artiodactyles-in-the-ground-beetle-carabus-granulatus-coleoptera-carabidae
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joanna Werszko, Konrad Wilamowski, Olga Kraszewska, Sławomir Bakier, Anna Maria Pyziel
Among gastrointestinal nematodes, Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi) Cobb (order Strongylidae; family Trichostrongylidae) is one of pathogenic and economic importance in domestic and wild ruminants, including the European bison, Bison bonasus Linnaeus (order Cetartiodactyla; family Bovidae); a species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species. Carabus granulatus Linnaeus (order Coleoptera; family Carabidae) is one of the most prevalent species of ground beetle, inhabiting a wide range of terrestrial ecosystems in Poland...
March 27, 2024: Medical and Veterinary Entomology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533331/changes-in-the-bacterial-communities-of-harmonia-axyridis-coleoptera-coccinellidae-in-response-to-long-term-cold-storage-and-progressive-loss-of-egg-viability-in-cold-stored-beetles
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuanxing Sun, Yanan Hao, Senshan Wang, Xinling Chen
Bacteria have a profound influence on life history and reproduction of numerous insects, while the associations between hosts and bacteria are substantially influenced by environmental pressures. Cold storage is crucial for extending the shelf life of insects used as tools for biological control, but mostly causes detrimental effects. In this study, we observed a great decrease in egg hatch rate of cold-stored Harmonia axyridis during the later oviposition periods. Furthermore, most eggs produced by their F1 offspring exhibited complete loss of hatchability...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531927/a-near-complete-genome-assembly-of-monochamus-alternatus-a-major-vector-beetle-of-pinewood-nematode
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Longsheng Xing, Bo Liu, Dunyang Yu, Xuan Tang, Jianghua Sun, Bin Zhang
The Japanese sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus, is not only one of the most important wood boring pest itself, but also a major vector of the invasive pinewood nematode (PWN), which is the causal agent of the devastative pine wilt disease (PWD) and threats the global pine forest. Here, we present a near-complete genome of M. alternatus at the chromosome level. The assembled genome was 792.05 Mb with contig N50 length of 55.99 Mb, which is the largest N50 size among the sequenced Coleoptera insects currently...
March 26, 2024: Scientific Data
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531924/the-direction-timing-and-demography-of-popillia-japonica-coleoptera-invasion-reconstructed-using-complete-mitochondrial-genomes
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francesco Nardi, Sara Boschi, Rebecca Funari, Claudio Cucini, Elena Cardaioli, Daniel Potter, Shin-Ichiro Asano, Duarte Toubarro, Michela Meier, Francesco Paoli, Antonio Carapelli, Francesco Frati
The Japanese beetle Popillia japonica is a pest insect that feeds on hundreds of species of wild and cultivated plants including important fruit, vegetable, and field crops. Native to Japan, the pest has invaded large areas of the USA, Canada, the Azores (Portugal), Italy, and Ticino (Switzerland), and it is considered a priority for control in the European Union. We determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence in 86 individuals covering the entire distribution of the species. Phylogenetic analysis supports a major division between South Japan and Central/North Japan, with invasive samples coming from the latter...
March 26, 2024: Scientific Reports
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