Microbiome and stem cell

Objective: To analyze the trends in literature related to oral microbiology and regenerative medicine from 2014 to 2023. By identifying key research countries, institutions, and their collaboration networks, as well as exploring research hotspots and development directions, the study seeks to provide references for researchers and decision-makers in the field of oral microbiology and regenerative medicine, thereby guiding the direction of future research. Methods: Relevant literature was retrieved using the Web of Science Core Collection database, with data processing and analysis conducted using CiteSpace 6...

BACKGROUND: Congenital ichthyosis (CI) is a collective group of rare hereditary skin disorders. Patients present with epidermal scaling, fissuring, chronic inflammation, and increased susceptibility to infections. Recently, there is increased interest in the skin microbiome; therefore, we hypothesized that CI patients likely exhibit an abnormal profile of epidermal microbes because of their various underlying skin barrier defects. Among recruited individuals of Southeast Asian ethnicity, we performed skin meta-genomics (i...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Changes in the components, variety, metabolism, and products of microbiomes, particularly of the gut microbiome (GM), have been revealed to be closely associated with the onset and progression of numerous human illnesses, including hematological neoplasms. Among the latter pathologies, there is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most widespread malignant neoplasm in pediatric subjects. Accordingly, ALL cases present a typical dysfunctional GM during all its clinical stages and resulting inflammation, which contributes to its progression, altered response to therapy, and possible relapses...

Akkermansia muciniphila has received great attention because of its beneficial roles in gut health by regulating gut immunity, promoting intestinal epithelial development, and improving barrier integrity. However, A. muciniphila-derived functional molecules regulating gut health are not well understood. Microbiome-secreted proteins act as key arbitrators of host-microbiome crosstalk through interactions with host cells in the gut and are important for understanding host-microbiome relationships. Herein, we report the biological function of Amuc_1409, a previously uncharacterised A...

Over the past few decades, substantial advancements have been achieved in the early detection and treatment of gastrointestinal oncological diseases. The survival rates of patients have significantly improved due to the expansion and enhancement of therapeutic and diagnostic options, leading to modifications in (neo-)adjuvant, perioperative, and palliative strategies, as well as the advent of personalized molecular therapy. Noteworthy progress has also been observed in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention domains...

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial (Mito) dysfunction in IBD reduces mucosal O2 consumption and increases O2 delivery to the microbiome. Increased enteric O2 promotes blooms of facultative anaerobes (eg. Proteobacteria ) and restricts obligate anaerobes (eg. Firmicutes ). Dysbiotic metabolites negatively affect host metabolism and immunity. Our novel compound (AuPhos) upregulates intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) mito function, attenuates colitis and corrects dysbiosis in humanized Il10-/- mice...

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in males in America, with advanced prostate cancers exhibiting a 5-year survival rate of only 32%. Castration resistance often develops during the course of treatment, but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. This study explores the human microbiome for its implications in castration resistance and metastasis in prostate cancer. RNA sequencing data were downloaded for the bone and soft tissue biopsies of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer...

BACKGROUND: Humoral memory and specific antibody levels depend on the kind of antigen and individual immunofactors. The presence of IgM antibodies or a fourfold rise in specific IgG levels are generally accepted as diagnostic factors in the serology of acute viral infections. This basic model is not adequate for the herpes virome, especially after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), due to continuous, usually multifocal antigenic stimulation, various donor serostatuses, immunosuppression, and individual immunoreconstitution...

The oral and gastrointestinal mucosae represent the main targets of the toxic effect of chemo and/or radiotherapy administered during the conditioning regimen before hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). These harmful consequences and the immunological complications that may occur after the transplant (such as Graft versus Host Disease, GvHD) are responsible for the clinical symptoms associated with mucositis during the aplasia phase, like pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These toxicities could play a critical role in the oral and gastrointestinal microbiomes during the post-transplant phase, and the degree of microbial dysbiosis and dysregulation among different bacterial species could also be crucial in intestinal mucosa homeostasis, altering the host's innate and adaptive immune responses and favoring abnormal immune responses responsible for the occurrence of GvHD...

Current treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often inadequate due to limited efficacy and toxicity, leading to surgical resection in refractory cases. IBD's broad and complex pathogenesis involving the immune system, enteric nervous system, microbiome, and oxidative stress requires more effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) treatments in spontaneous chronic colitis using the Winnie mouse model which closely replicates the presentation and inflammatory profile of ulcerative colitis...

Until recently, the study of age-related decline in fertility has focused primarily on the ovary; depletion of the finite pool of oocytes and increases in meiotic errors leading to oocyte aneuploidy are well-established mechanisms by which fertility declines with advancing age. Comparatively little is known about the impact of age on endometrial function. The endometrium is a complex tissue comprised of many cell types, including epithelial, stromal, vascular, immune and stem cells. The capacity of this tissue for rapid, cyclic regeneration is unique to this tissue, undergoing repeated cycles of growth and shedding (in the absence of an embryo) in response to ovarian hormones...

The gut microbiota of paediatric oncology patients undergoing a conditioning regimen before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is recently considered to play role in febrile neutropenia. Disruption of commensal microbiota and evolution of opportune pathogens community carrying a plethora of antibiotic-resistance genes play crucial role. However, the impact, predictive role and association of patient´s gut resistome in the course of the therapy is still to be elucidated. We analysed gut microbiota composition and resistome of 18 paediatric oncology patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, including 12 patients developing febrile neutropenia, hospitalized at The Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit of the National Institute of Children´s disease in Slovak Republic and healthy individuals (n = 14)...

Inflammation is often associated with the impairment of the ability to sustain the consequences of the physical, chemical, nutritional, and antigenic triggers of inflammation. The process of immunosenescence may only partially be explained by the senescence of cells, tissues, or the organism, and, hence, the hallmarks of immunosenescence may be markedly and differentially affected by the history of an individual's pathogenic encounter. Inflammation is a key component of immunosenescence, which itself is a direct consequence of aging...

The microbial communities that inhabit our bodies have been increasingly linked to host physiology and pathophysiology. This microbiome, through its role in colonization resistance, influences the risk of infections after transplantation, including those caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. In addition, through both direct interactions with the host immune system and via the production of metabolites that impact local and systemic immunity, the microbiome plays an important role in the establishment of immune tolerance after transplantation, and conversely, in the development of graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection...

The gut microbiome is a diverse ecosystem, dominated by bacteria; however, fungi, phages/viruses, archaea, and protozoa are also important members of the gut microbiota. Exploration of taxonomic compositions beyond bacteria as well as an understanding of the interaction between the bacteriome with the other members is limited using 16S rDNA sequencing. Here, we developed a pipeline enabling the simultaneous interrogation of the gut microbiome (bacteriome, mycobiome, archaeome, eukaryome, DNA virome) and of antibiotic resistance genes based on optimized long-read shotgun metagenomics protocols and custom bioinformatics...

Over the past ten years there has been a marked increase in recognition of the interplay between the intestinal microbiome and the hematopoietic system. Despite their apparent distance in the body, a large literature now supports the relevance of the normal intestinal microbiota to steady state blood production, affecting both hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and differentiated immune cells. Microbial metabolites enter the circulation where they can trigger cytokine signaling that influences hematopoiesis...

Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) are two pathobionts consistently enriched in the gut microbiomes of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to healthy counterparts and frequently observed for their direct association within tumors. Although several molecular mechanisms have been identified that directly link these organisms to features of CRC in specific cell types, their specific effects on the epithelium and local immune compartment are not well-understood...

The field of epilepsy has undergone substantial advances as we develop novel drugs and devices. Yet considerable challenges remain in developing broadly effective, well-tolerated treatments, but also precision treatments for rare epilepsies and seizure-monitoring devices. We summarize major recent and ongoing innovations in diagnostic and therapeutic products presented at the seventeenth Epilepsy Therapies & Diagnostics Development (ETDD) conference, which occurred May 31 to June 2, 2023, in Aventura, Florida...

A new perspective suggests that a dynamic bidirectional communication system, often referred to as the microbiome-gut-brain axis, exists among the gut, its microbiome, and the central nervous system (CNS). This system may influence brain health and various brain-related diseases, especially in the realms of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions. However, the exact mechanism is not yet understood. Metabolites or extracellular vesicles derived from microbes in the gut have the capacity to traverse the intestinal epithelial barrier or blood-brain barrier, gaining access to the systemic circulation...