Behaviour

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To investigate the gender and age characteristics of psychopathological symptoms in patients in the acute phase of respiratory infection SARS-CoV-2. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A total of 66 patients aged 8 to 92 years, sick with COVID-19 during inpatient treatment with lung damage from 30 to 70%, confirmed radiologically, in the period up to 20 days from the onset of the disease, were examined. To assess the mental status of patients with COVID-19, we used a clinical, clinical-psychopathological, psychometric method, which included the following questionnaires as part of psychiatric screening for studying psychopathological symptoms upon admission to the hospital...

PURPOSE: Professional supports play an important role in aiding autistic children's learning, participation, and overall wellbeing. Yet, limited research exists on stakeholders' perspectives and preferences regarding targeted outcomes for children undergoing support facilitated by professionals. This study investigated stakeholder views on the priority and appropriateness of outcomes intentionally targeted during the provision of supports to autistic children. METHOD: A survey of 181 participants (including 72 autistic adults, 85 parents, and 69 professionals) from Australia and New Zealand was conducted...

AIM: To determine the relationship between psychological resilience, nursing practice environment, and moral courage of clinical nurses and also the factors influencing moral courage. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: 586 nurses from a general hospital were selected by convenience sampling method in January 2023. The general information questionnaire, Nurses' Moral Courage Scale (NMCS), Resilience Scale, and Practice Environment Scale (PES) were measured...

Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity, affording significant improvements in weight loss and health-related quality of life. However, bariatric surgeons' views on whether certain pre-operative factors predict improvements in post-operative health-related quality of life, and if so, which ones, are largely unknown. This cross-sectional survey study examined the views of 58 bariatric surgeons from Australia and New Zealand. A total of 18 factors were selected for exploration based on their mention in the literature...

AIM: To evaluate the implementation of a mixed virtual and in-person brief intervention for young people, aged 12-25 years, presenting to a large urban mental health service in crisis with suicidal ideation and/or self-harm. METHODS: A pragmatic, real-world evaluation was conducted on the Youth Brief Intervention Service between June 2021 (inception) and October 2022. Service users were offered four sessions over an approximate one-month period. Sessions focused on distress tolerance, safety plans and support systems...

BACKGROUND: Digital interventions are potential tools for reducing and limiting occupational sedentary behaviour (SB) in sedentary desk-based jobs. Given the harmful effects of sitting too much and sitting for too long while working, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of workplace interventions, that incorporated digital elements, to reduce the time spent in SB in office workers. METHODS: Randomised control trials that evaluated the implementation of workplace interventions that incorporated digital elements for breaking and limiting SB among desk-based jobs were identified by literature searches in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PEDro) published up to 2023...

BACKGROUND: Suicide stands as both a primary symptom and the direst outcome of major depressive disorder (MDD). The scarcity of effective treatment strategies makes managing MDD patients with suicide especially challenging. Hence, it is crucial to investigate disease characteristics and efficacious therapeutic strategies for these patients, drawing insights from disease databases and real-world data. METHODS: In this retrospective study, MDD patients hospitalized between January 2013 and December 2020 were investigated using Electronic Health Records (EHR) data from Beijing Anding Hospital...

While disgust originates in the hard-wired mammalian distaste response, the conscious experience of disgust in humans strongly depends on subjective appraisal and may even extend to socio-moral contexts. Here, in a series of studies, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging with machine-learning-based predictive modelling to establish a comprehensive neurobiological model of subjective disgust. The developed neurofunctional signature accurately predicted momentary self-reported subjective disgust across discovery (n = 78) and pre-registered validation (n = 30) cohorts and generalized across core disgust (n = 34 and n = 26), gustatory distaste (n = 30) and socio-moral (unfair offers; n = 43) contexts...

INTRODUCTION: Due to a variety of barriers, the majority of cancer survivors do not do enough physical activity to meet current recommendations. This study will assess the feasibility of participation in parkrun walk-run events as a novel mode of community rehabilitation exercise. METHODS: This protocol describes a single-arm intervention study with participants acting as their own controls. The study accepts adults diagnosed with any type of cancer, undergoing treatment or in remission...

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BACKGROUND: In malaria endemic regions of the Peruvian Amazon, rainfall together with river level and breeding site availability drive fluctuating vector mosquito abundance and human malaria cases, leading to temporal heterogeneity. The main variables influencing spatial transmission include location of communities, mosquito behaviour, land use/land cover, and human ecology/behaviour. The main objective was to evaluate seasonal and microgeographic biting behaviour of the malaria vector Nyssorhynchus (or Anopheles) darlingi in Amazonian Peru and to investigate effects of seasonality on malaria transmission...

BACKGROUND: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is one of the most common sleep problems and represents a key prodromal marker in Parkinson's disease (PD). It remains unclear whether and how basal ganglia nuclei, structures that are directly involved in the pathology of PD, are implicated in the occurrence of RBD. METHOD: Here, in parallel with whole-night video polysomnography, we recorded local field potentials from two major basal ganglia structures, the globus pallidus internus and subthalamic nucleus, in two cohorts of patients with PD who had varied severity of RBD...

In 2019, the European Society of Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) published its 2030 Vision "Radiation Oncology, Optimal Health, For All, Together". However, in 2020, the global pandemic, coinciding with the Society's 40th anniversary, had long-term consequences on global behaviours and on the financial environment for scientific associations worldwide. In 2022, ESTRO conducted a survey among its members, revealing their strong appreciation for networking opportunities and the creation of high-quality interdisciplinary scientific content...

Screen time (ST) on digital devices has increased in recent decades due to digital development. Furthermore, constant engagement with digital devices alters sleep patterns, leading to nocturnal eating behaviour among users. These phenomena are therefore of great concern, as digital device addiction and night eating are associated with unhealthy food intake, increasing the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risks. The purpose of this review was to examine the evidence of the influence of ST and night eating behaviour (NEB) on dietary intake and its association with MetS based on previous literature...

BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) refers to a chronic impairing psychiatric disorder occurring after exposure to the severe traumatic event. Studies have demonstrated that medicinal cannabis oil plays an important role in neuroprotection, but the mechanism by which it exerts anti-PTSD effects remains unclear. METHODS: The chronic complex stress (CCS) simulating the conditions of long voyage stress for 4 weeks was used to establish the PTSD mice model...

Left and right-hand exhibit differences in the execution of movements. Particularly, it has been shown that manual goal-directed aiming is more accurate with the right hand than with the left, which has been explained through the shorter time spent by the right hand in the feedback phase (FB). This explanation makes sense for the temporal aspects of the task; however, there is a lack of explanations for the spatial aspects. The present study hypothesizes that the right hand is more associated with the FB, while the left hand is more strongly associated with the pre-programming phase (PP)...

The dynamics and exposure risk behaviours of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the sediments of water-diversion lakes remain poorly understood. In this study, spatiotemporal investigations of ARG profiles in sediments targeting non-water (NWDP) and water diversion periods (WDP) were conducted in Luoma Lake, a typical water-diversion lake, and an innovative dynamics-based risk assessment framework was constructed to evaluate ARG exposure risks to local residents. ARGs in sediments were significantly more abundant in the WDP than in the NWDP, but there was no significant variation in their spatial distribution in either period...

The bioaerogel microparticles have been recently developed for respiratory drug delivery and attract fast increasing interests. These highly porous microparticles have ultralow density and hence possess much reduced aerodynamic diameter, which favour them with greatly enhanced dispersibility and improved aerosolisation behaviour. The adjustable particle geometric dimensions by varying preparation methods and controlling operation parameters make it possible to fabricate bioaerogel microparticles with accurate sizes for efficient delivery to the targeted regions of respiratory tract (i...

AIMS: The purpose of this qualitative study is to identify barriers minimizing the effectiveness of motivational interviewing during virtual clinic encounters for individuals with type 2 diabetes based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model. METHODS: One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted from March to June 2023 with 17 adults with type 2 diabetes (64.7% female, median age 69 years with age range 47-83 years) followed at St...

Parents have primary influence over the development of their children's eating behaviours, however less attention has been given to whether or how their coparenting plays a role in this association. The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional associations between mothers' and fathers' food parenting practices and children's eating behaviour and examine whether coparenting quality moderates or confounds these associations. Parents (222 mothers and 167 fathers) with children 18 months to 5 years completed an online survey that assessed their food parenting practices and coparenting quality...