Brachitherapy

INTRODUCTION: Intermediate-high and high-risk endometrial cancer often require adjuvant treatments such as radiotherapy (RT) or brachitherapy (BT) to reduce the risk of loco-regional relapse. Inter- and intra-fraction variability of internal pelvic anatomy are possibly the largest source of error affecting pelvic RT. The implantation of Fiducial Makers (FMs) in the vaginal cuff of patients receiving RT or BT could help patient daily setup, image guidance and intra-fraction detection of the radiation targets...

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is associated with PAX3/PAX7-FOXO1 fusion, which confers specific clinic and biologic characteristics with inferior outcomes. A minority of tumors still histologically classified as "true" ARMS lack the canonical PAX-FOXO1 fusion but have new molecular alterations. We present the first case of PAX3-NCOA1 ARMS with clinical data and follow-up in a two-year-old girl with ARMS of the tongue and nodal extension, treated with chemotherapy, hemi glossectomy, lymph node dissection, and brachytherapy to conserve oral function and limit long-term sequelae...

Objective: Dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma is a recently defined uterine tumor composed of low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. Herein, we present clinicopathologic, morphologic, and immunohistochemical features of 5 cases of dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Material and Methods: All cases which were diagnosed as mixed endometrial adenocarcinoma (endometrioid+undifferentiated carcinoma) or dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma between January 2008 and December 2014 were retrieved from the archives of our institution’s pathology department...

INTRODUCTION: Pelvic radiotherapy is associated with early and late local complication. Actinomyces bacterium is part of the saprophyte flora, although some infection underlying factors are known , the pathophysiology of the disease is still unexplained. Frequently it is involved in oral, gastrointestinal and respiratory infections. CASE REPORT: We present the description of a clinical case supported with images. So that we have developed a bibliographical research in Pubmed data base including the following key words: Ulcer, rectum, brachitherapy and Actinomyces...

Despite the use of more effective multimodal treatments in high-grade glioma (HGG), the outcome of patients affected by this disease is still dismal and recurrence is a very common event. Many therapeutic approaches, alone or combined (surgery, drugs, targeted agents, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, supportive therapy), are available in the clinical armamentarium so far. The attitude of physicians is increasingly interventionist, but recurrent HGG still remains a very difficult scenario to be treated. Radiotherapy with different re-irradiation techniques is increasingly proposed as a therapeutic option with interesting results, even though the resulting duration of response is usually quite short...

AIM: Our aim was to research and evaluate very big clinical material for 22 years period (1987-2009) at the National Cancer Center, Gynaecological clinic and Medical University--Departement of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Varna. We studied some of the most important prognostic factors in patients with endometrial cancer, radically operated with or without lymph node dissection. We compared our results with the results of other authors working in this field. Our aim was by examining the prognostic factors and the survival rate to define and help the choice of the most suitable radical surgical treatment, as well as the application of most suitable adjuvant therapy...

OBJECTIVE: to analyze ocular survival in eyes with uveal melanoma treated with conservative therapies, in a centre that applies all treatment modalities. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with uveal melanoma and treated between September 1990 and April 2007 were included in an historical cohorts study. RESULTS: 273 patients were included. 193 were treated with conservative treatments (70.69%) and 80 were enucleated as primary treatment. 14 patients were enucleated after conservative treatment (7...

A case of retinoblastoma with uncommon features is reported, aiming at improving follow-up. In 1993, SJMMF, 9-month-old white boy, presented a squint in the left eye. A retinal tumor was detected. The patient had a family history of retinoblastoma. Enucleation was performed and retinoblastoma was proved. The patient underwent examination for staging, all were normal. The fellow eye remained normal for 10 years. During routine examination the retina map revealed three retinoblastoma white lesions in the nasal retina...

Vascular reconstructive surgery has faced, since the beginning, with a complex biologic phenomenon, jeopardizing the results, which is the miointimal hyperplasia and anastomotic fibroplasia, developed at the vascular anastomosis or following balloon angioplasty, leading often to a vessel occlusion and failure of the revascularization procedure. Multiple and diversified research projects have been dedicated, along the years, to the study of the intimal mechanisms and attempts to control the phenomenon by pharmacotherapeutic agents, but the results are still far of being regarded as satisfactory...

The neoplasms of the penis are extremely rare and have an incidence of 1400 new cases for year in the United States. Higher is the percentage of incidence in Africa and Asia (10-20%) and in some areas of Brasil where the cancer of the penis constitutes 17% of all the male tumors. In Israel this neoplasm is rare, less than 0.1/100000 menfor year, because in Jewish population men are circumcised prematurely. Recently it has been placed attention to the possible aetiologic role of human papillomavirus (HPV-16 and HPV-18) in penis carcinoma...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study is to value the results obtained in the treatment of 28 patients a prospective group, affected of upper lip carcinoma treated through external molds of high dose rate brachytherapy. DESIGN OF THE STUDY: A total of 28 patients affected of lip carcinoma were treated through superficial ready--made molds and high dose rate brachytherapy. The dose of radiation given was 6,000 to 6,500 cGy in 33 to 36 fractions of 180 cGy on tumors up to 4 centimeters of diameter...

Data of the literature concerning the dose, fractionation, and elapsed treatment time, all parameters critical to local pelvic tumor control in patients treated with irradiation for carcinoma of the cervix are analyzed. Total dose, dose rate, and biological dose optimization are important parameters that correlate with treatment sequelae. Elapsed treatment time does not. As for the use of brachytherapy, performance of all intracavitary insertions within the first 4.5 weeks of treatment correlated with better tumor control in stages IB, IIA and IIB with low dose rate (LDR) brachitherapy...

With the support of the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, clinical guidelines for the management of lung cancer have been completed according to evidence-based methods. In this article, we focus on the guidelines for central-type early lung cancer. Reviewing a total of 3,196 reports that include key words related to central-type early lung cancer, 41 were selected and applied to determine recommendations for diagnostic or therapeutic methods. Among diagnostic methods, sputum cytology for the high-risk group and bronchoscopy for patients with positive sputum cytology were evaluated as recommendable...

Nikolai Alekseevich Lopatkin, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, has contributed much to development of prostatic cancer (PC) diagnosis and treatment in the Russian Federation. N. A. Lopatkin headed specialists from the Research Institute of Urology who were the first in Russia to introduce into clinical practice the method of interstitial radiotherapy (brachitherapy) of local prostatic cancer (PC). A total of 58 PC patients 42 to 76 years of age were treated. They had stages T1bN0M0 (n = 5), T2aN0M0 (n = 36), T2bN0M0 (n = 11), T3aN0M0 (n = 6)...

Intervenient cardiology is significantly more represented in attempts to solve problems of heart coronary artery disease in comparison to aortocoronary bypass procedures. Resthenoses of coronary artery blood vessel after PTCA, or PTCA and stent placement are frequent. The main causes are: neointimal hyperplasia, late contraction, and remodelling. The application of brachitherapy offers the possibility to prevent resthenosis especially stent resthenosis. Our report encompasses eight patients diseased from coronary artery occlusionn...

After its introduction more than twenty years ago, ultrasound has continually increased in importance in urology diagnostics and is currently one of the most frequent exploratory techniques used. It corresponds to one out of every four imaging techniques carried out in medicine. The possibility of intervention under echographic control, for either diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, has been studied ever since ultrasound first appeared. Nowadays, interventionist echography is a commonly used technique in urology and is applied in a wide range of procedures carried out on the prostate gland, bladder and kidney that require echography-guided puncture techniques...

The use of stents has significantly reduced post PTCA restenosis rates. However, even with optimal stenting the rate of instant restenosis (ISR) is 8-15%. Thus, the extended use of stents (> or = 85% of angioplasty procedures) has made ISR a growing problem. We review the current interventional approach for treating ISR, where the strategy is dictated by the extent of the restenotic plaque. For focal lesions, redilation with balloon is the therapy of choice. For diffuse lesions, the Cutting Balloon offers good angiographic results with acceptable recurrence rates; in some selected cases, plaque removal can be helpful with a tendency for better results with rotablation...

In 1989 we started an accelerated hyperfractionated schedule of radiotherapy (two 1.6 Gy daily fractions) in standard risk localized Ewing's sarcoma of bone, with the aim at reducing late effects in young patients and at improving disease control through a better integration of treatment modalities. From 1991, the same schedule was used in preoperative radiotherapy of adult soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities: the main purpose was to reduce the time to surgery and to evaluate surgical complications in comparison with a previous experience of hypofractionated radiotherapy (one 3 Gy daily fraction)...

The efficacy of enucleation and brachitherapy is assessed in 1150 patients. The incidence of metastases is the highest (up to 2/3) occurs within the first 3 years. Neither enucleation, nor brachitherapy affect this value. However, in general after enucleation the incidence of metastases to the liver (31.7%) is higher than after brachitherapy (5.8%), this indicating that brachitherapy is more effective in minor and medium-sized melanomas of the choroid.

The report deals with the data on 133 patients with primary tumors of the vagina treated with both combined (tele- and contact gamma therapy) and contact treatment using low, medium and high dosage. The following radiobiological models were used for evaluating and comparing responses of normal tissue: time-dose fractionation, cumulative radiation effect and linear-square law model referred to as the "extrapolation-related dose of response". The results suggest that combined radiotherapy using high-dose contact treatment be recommended for localized stage I-II tumors while cases of stage III tumor should receive only combined radiotherapy provided brachitherapy uses modern radiation equipment which will assure a minimal gap between the nominal and actual characteristics of irradiation...