keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462677/land-surface-conductance-linked-to-precipitation-co-evolution-of-vegetation-and-climate-in-earth-system-models
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter J Franks, Nicholas Herold, Gordon B Bonan, Keith W Oleson, Jeffrey S Dukes, Matthew Huber, Julian I Schroeder, Peter M Cox, Simon Jones
Vegetation and precipitation are known to fundamentally influence each other. However, this interdependence is not fully represented in climate models because the characteristics of land surface (canopy) conductance to water vapor and CO2 are determined independently of precipitation. Working within a coupled atmosphere and land modelling framework (CAM6/CLM5; coupled Community Atmosphere Model v6/Community Land Model v5), we have developed a new theoretical approach to characterizing land surface conductance by explicitly linking its dynamic properties to local precipitation, a robust proxy for moisture available to vegetation...
March 2024: Global Change Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462234/condensed-tannin-induced-variations-in-the-rumen-metabolome-and-the-correlation-with-fermentation-characteristics-in-goats
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
K E Tian, Dicky Aldian, Gan Luo, Armess Sossou, Masato Yayota
In this study, we characterized the effects of CT dietary inclusion at 2% (wt/wt) dry matter on the goat rumen metabolome and fermentation characteristics. Barley (BA) and corn (CN) were separately used as basal grain for the control rations, and rations supplemented with CT were BACT and CNCT, respectively. The rations were tested using eight Japanese Shiba × Saanen goats in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square arrangement (28 days for each period). Ruminal fluid was obtained on day 25 of each period, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis was performed...
2024: Animal Science Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462085/risk-factors-associated-with-indicators-of-dehydration-among-migrant-farmworkers
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chibuzor Abasilim, Lee S Friedman, Miranda Carver Martin, Dana Madigan, Jose Perez, Maria Morera, Antonio Tovar, Fritz Roka, Nezahuacoyotl Xiuhtecutli, Linda Forst, Paul Monaghan
OBJECTIVE: Farmworkers are at increased risk of adverse health outcomes related to occupational heat exposure and inadequate access to water, shade, or rest breaks. Presently, there is a dearth of studies examining the prevalence of dehydration and related factors in U.S. farmworkers. Our objectives were to characterize hydration status during typical workdays and to identify risk factors associated with increased dehydration in migrant farmworkers employed in Florida. METHODS: Urine samples were collected and analyzed for urine specific gravity (USG) 2-3 times per person per day over five days in May 2021 and 2022...
March 8, 2024: Environmental Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38460877/milk-replacer-feeding-once-or-twice-a-day-did-not-change-the-ruminal-metabolomic-profile-and-the-microbial-diversity-of-dairy-calves-from-birth-to-weaning
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Zened, C Julien, L Cauquil, G Pascal, C Canlet, M Tremblay-Franco, D Ali-Haimoud-Lekhal, F Enjalbert, C Bayourthe, S Combes
In commercial dairy production systems, feeding calves once a day could be an alternative to reduce labor expenses. Several studies comparing once (OAD) versus twice (TAD) a day milk feeding systems have not evidenced differences in calf growth, rumen development, blood parameters or health scores, but impact on ruminal microbiota remains to be investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of OAD or TAD on the establishment of the ruminal microbiota and its metabolic activity. Sixteen male calves (45...
March 7, 2024: Journal of Dairy Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38454546/evaluation-of-a-protocol-change-promoting-lactated-ringers-over-normal-saline-in-the-treatment-of-diabetic-ketoacidosis
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jake Johnson, Andjela Drincic, Emma Buddenhagen, Kaitlyn Nein, Kaeli Samson, Trek Langenhan
BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend normal saline (NS) for fluid resuscitation in the management of patients presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). However, previous prospective studies have demonstrated improvement in patient-specific outcomes, including time to DKA resolution, when balanced crystalloid fluids are used. METHODS: We conducted a single institution, retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted with DKA before and after a protocol change within our institution, which shifted the default resuscitative and maintenance fluid in our DKA management protocol from NS to lactated Ringer's solution (LR)...
March 7, 2024: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38453986/phase-envelopes-in-reservoir-fill-analysis-two-contrasting-scenarios
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Khaled R Arouri, Carlos G Herrera
Phase envelopes are routinely employed by reservoir engineers for fluid characterisation. These envelopes are controlled by reservoir fluid composition, pressure and temperature. As a result of increasing source-rock maturation, fluids with decreasing molecular weights and densities and increasing gas-to-oil ratios (and hence different phase envelopes) are generated, which are thus linked to fluid history. In addition to their importance for exploration, charge models can play a key role in constraining reservoir models and optimising field development, particularly when pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) data are properly integrated with fluid geochemistry...
March 7, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38452503/effects-of-pre-formulation-and-post-cooking-method-on-the-rheological-and-gelation-properties-of-3d-printed-chicken-products
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yexi Yin, Yue Wang, Qingqing Fang, Mingyu Xiang, Xue Zhao, Xinglian Xu, Chao Li
This study investigated the influence of oil type (olive, soybean, and peanut oil) and post-cooking methods (oven bake and microwave) on the quality of 3D printed chicken meat products. The Ostwald-de-Waele model was used to describe the flow behavior of chicken meat paste (R2  > 0.995). Oil-fortified groups present significantly lower consistency index (K) and flow behavior index (n), indicating better fluidity. A modified Cox-Merz rule was applied by multiplying angular frequency with shift factors (αSF )...
February 25, 2024: Food Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38450867/combined-simultaneous-endoscopic-endonasal-and-transcranial-surgery-using-high-definition-three-dimensional-exoscope-for-malignant-tumors-of-the-anterior-skull-base
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Seiichiro Makihara, Yoshihiro Otani, Kensuke Uraguchi, Aiko Shimizu, Aya Murai, Takaya Higaki, Naoki Akisada, Shohei Fujimoto, Takuma Makino, Joji Ishida, Kentaro Fujii, Takao Yasuhara, Tomoyuki Ota, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Mizuo Ando
BACKGROUND: Advanced surgical interventions are required to treat malignancies in the anterior skull base (ASB). This study investigates the utility of endoscopic endonasal and transcranial surgery (EETS) using a high-definition three-dimensional exoscope as an alternative to traditional microscopy. METHODS: Six patients with carcinomas of varying histopathologies underwent surgery employing the EETS maneuver, which synchronized three distinct surgical modalities: harvesting of the anterolateral thigh flap, initiation of the transnasal technique, and initiation of the transcranial procedure...
March 7, 2024: Head & Neck
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38449428/impact-of-a-coordinated-sepsis-response-on-time-to-treatment-in-a-pediatric-emergency-department
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jacqueline Corboy, Kimberly Denicolo, Roderick C Jones, Norma-Jean E Simon, Mark Adler, Jennifer Trainor, Rebecca Steinmann, Priya Jain, Rebecca Stephen, Elizabeth Alpern
BACKGROUND: Sepsis is responsible for 75 000 pediatric hospitalizations annually, with an associated mortality rate estimated between 11% and 19%. Evidence supports the use of timely fluid resuscitation and antibiotics to decrease morbidity and mortality. Our emergency department did not meet the timeliness goals for fluid and antibiotic administration suggested by the 2012 Surviving Sepsis Campaign. METHODS: In November 2018, we implemented a sepsis response team utilizing a scripted communication tool and a dedicated sepsis supply cart to address timeliness barriers...
March 7, 2024: Hospital Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38445256/automated-volumetric-evaluation-of-intracranial-compartments-and-cerebrospinal-fluid-distribution-on-emergency-trauma-head-ct-scans-to-quantify-mass-effect
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tomasz Puzio, Katarzyna Matera, Karol Wiśniewski, Milena Grobelna, Sora Wanibuchi, Dariusz J Jaskólski, Ernest J Bobeff
BACKGROUND: Intracranial space is divided into three compartments by the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli. We assessed whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) distribution evaluated by a specifically developed deep-learning neural network (DLNN) could assist in quantifying mass effect. METHODS: Head trauma CT scans from a high-volume emergency department between 2018 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Manual segmentations of intracranial compartments and CSF served as the ground truth to develop a DLNN model to automate the segmentation process...
2024: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38442023/ultrasound-enhanced-covalent-reaction-of-gliadin-the-inhibition-of-antigenicity-and-its-potential-mechanisms
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junrong Wang, Jiaxing Cao, Ning Xu, Taihe Meng, Guozhi Zhang, Yu Zhang
BACKGROUND: Wheat proteins can be divided into water/salt soluble protein (albumin/globulin) and water/salt insoluble protein (gliadins and glutenins (Glu)) according to solubility. Gliadins (Glia) is one of the major allergens in wheat. The inhibition of Glia antigenicity by conventional processing techniques was not satisfactory. RESULTS: In this study, free radical oxidation was used to induce covalent reactions. The effects of covalent reactions by high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) of different powers was compared...
March 5, 2024: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38438480/sandstone-chemical-consolidation-and-wettability-improvement-using-furan-polymer-based-nanofluid
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matin Dargi, Ehsan Khamehchi, Fatemeh Ghallath
The oil and gas industry faces a challenge in meeting global energy demand due to sand production in unconsolidated or semi-consolidated reservoirs, leading to equipment wear, production instability, and significant financial burdens. Mechanical and chemical sand control methods are being used among which chemical sand consolidation techniques have emerged as a promising solution. In this research, furan polymer-based nanofluid is investigated as a chemical consolidant to explore its intriguing properties and characteristics and how the quantity of nanoparticles influences the fundamental properties of curing resin and wettability while pioneering a groundbreaking approach to enhancing regaining permeability...
March 4, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38438462/acute-and-short-term-fluctuations-in-gravity-are-associated-with-changes-in-circulatory-plasma-protein-levels
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander Lang, Stephan Binneboessel, Fabian Nienhaus, Raphael Romano Bruno, Georg Wolff, Kerstin Piayda, Susanne Pfeiler, Hakima Ezzahoini, Daniel Oehler, Malte Kelm, Holger Winkels, Norbert Gerdes, Christian Jung
Gravitational changes between micro- and hypergravity cause several adaptations and alterations in the human body. Besides muscular atrophy and immune system impairment, effects on the circulatory system have been described, which can be associated with a wide range of blood biomarker changes. This study examined nine individuals (seven males, two females) during a parabolic flight campaign (PFC). Thirty-one parabolas were performed in one flight day, resulting in ~22 s of microgravity during each parabola...
March 4, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38433341/temperature-and-co-2-interactively-drive-shifts-in-the-compositional-and-functional-structure-of-peatland-protist-communities
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher L Kilner, Alyssa A Carrell, Daniel J Wieczynski, Samantha Votzke, Katrina DeWitt, Andrea Yammine, Jonathan Shaw, Dale A Pelletier, David J Weston, Jean P Gibert
Microbes affect the global carbon cycle that influences climate change and are in turn influenced by environmental change. Here, we use data from a long-term whole-ecosystem warming experiment at a boreal peatland to answer how temperature and CO2 jointly influence communities of abundant, diverse, yet poorly understood, non-fungi microbial Eukaryotes (protists). These microbes influence ecosystem function directly through photosynthesis and respiration, and indirectly, through predation on decomposers (bacteria and fungi)...
March 2024: Global Change Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38433152/the-effect-of-simulated-obstructive-apneas-on-mechanical-characteristics-of-lower-airways-in-individuals-with-asthma
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nasim Montazeri Ghahjaverestan, Shaghayegh Chavoshian, Xiaoshu Cao, T Douglas Bradley, Susan M Tarlo, Matthew Stanbrook, Kenneth R Chapman, Azadeh Yadollahi
Increased negative intrathoracic pressure that occurs during pharyngeal obstruction can increase thoracic fluid volume that may contribute to lower airway narrowing in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and asthma. Our previous study showed that fluid accumulation in the thorax induced by simulated OSA can increase total respiratory resistance. However, the effect of fluid shift on lower airway narrowing has not been investigated. To examine the effect of fluid accumulation in the thorax on the resistance of the lower airway...
March 3, 2024: Annals of Biomedical Engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38429289/dynamic-changes-in-perivascular-space-morphology-predict-signs-of-spaceflight-associated-neuro-ocular-syndrome-in-bed-rest
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sutton B Richmond, Rachael D Seidler, Jeffrey J Iliff, Daniel L Schwartz, Madison Luther, Lisa C Silbert, Scott J Wood, Jacob J Bloomberg, Edwin Mulder, Jessica K Lee, Alberto De Luca, Juan Piantino
During long-duration spaceflight, astronauts experience headward fluid shifts and expansion of the cerebral perivascular spaces (PVS). A major limitation to our understanding of the changes in brain structure and physiology induced by spaceflight stems from the logistical difficulties of studying astronauts. The current study aimed to determine whether PVS changes also occur on Earth with the spaceflight analog head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR). We examined how the number and morphology of magnetic resonance imaging-visible PVS (MV-PVS) are affected by HDBR with and without elevated carbon dioxide (CO2 )...
March 1, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38427193/neuroimaging-methods-for-mri-analysis-in-csf-biomarkers-studies
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carles Falcon, Grégory Operto, José Luis Molinuevo, Juan Domingo Gispert
Among others, the existence of pathophysiological biomarkers such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ-42, t-tau, and p-tau preceding the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptomatology has shifted the conceptualization of AD as a continuum. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables the study of structural and functional cross-sectional correlates and longitudinal changes in vivo, and therefore, the combination of CSF data and imaging analyses emerges as a synergistic approach to understand the structural correlates related with specific AD-related biomarkers...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38427184/blood-based-biomarkers-for-early-alzheimer-s-disease-diagnosis-in-real-world-settings
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert Perneczky, Niels Hansen, Anna Hofmann, Christoph Laske, Josef Priller, Timo Grimmer, Lutz Frölich, Emrah Düzel, Frank Jessen, Jens Wiltfang
As our knowledge about the biology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) expands and we recognize the significance of early intervention for effective treatment, there is a shift in focus toward detecting the disease at an early stage. AD is characterized by the accumulation of misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau proteins in the brain, leading to the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. While a definitive diagnosis of AD can only be confirmed through autopsy by examining these pathological features, there are now reliable methods available for diagnosing the disease in living individuals...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38426767/the-timing-of-bacterial-mesophyll-infection-shapes-the-leaf-chemical-landscape
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Veronica Roman-Reyna, Nathaniel Heiden, Jules Butchacas, Hannah Toth, Jessica L Cooperstone, Jonathan M Jacobs
UNLABELLED: Chemistry in eukaryotic intercellular spaces is shaped by both hosts and symbiotic microorganisms such as bacteria. Pathogenic microorganisms like barley-associated Xanthomonas translucens (Xt) swiftly overtake the inner leaf tissue becoming the dominant microbial community member during disease development. The dynamic metabolic changes due to Xt pathogenesis in the mesophyll spaces remain unknown. Genomic group I of Xt consists of two barley-infecting lineages: pathovar translucens (Xtt) and pathovar undulosa (Xtu)...
March 1, 2024: Microbiology Spectrum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38421907/improving-quality-care-and-patient-safety-with-implementation-of-an-oversew-stitch-in-lumbar-drains
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erik C Brown, Samantha Fay, Ahmed M Raslan, Christina M Sayama
The lumbar drain exit site purse string oversew stitch is a well-described bedside intervention to stop or prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. It is not routinely placed at the time of lumbar drain placement. Via four plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles, we test the effect of prophylactic utilization of the lumbar drain exit site oversew stitch on house officers' paging burden, need to redress the drain, need to oversew the drain to stop a CSF leak, and need to replace the drain. We found that the simple act of placing an oversew stitch at the time of lumbar drain placement significantly reduced paging burden and reduced the frequency at which an oversew stitch was required to stop a CSF leak...
March 2024: Journal for Healthcare Quality: Official Publication of the National Association for Healthcare Quality
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