keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532986/a-theory-of-the-neural-mechanisms-underlying-negative-cognitive-bias-in-major-depression
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuyue Jiang
The widely acknowledged cognitive theory of depression, developed by Aaron Beck, focused on biased information processing that emphasizes the negative aspects of affective and conceptual information. Current attempts to discover the neurological mechanism underlying such cognitive and affective bias have successfully identified various brain regions associated with severally biased functions such as emotion, attention, rumination, and inhibition control. However, the neurobiological mechanisms of how individuals in depression develop this selective processing toward negative is still under question...
2024: Frontiers in Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531892/treadmill-exercise-pretreatment-ameliorated-structural-synaptic-plasticity-impairments-of-medial-prefrontal-cortex-in-vascular-dementia-rat-and-improved-recognition-memory
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Linlin Zhang, Yuanyuan Chen, Yongzhao Fan, Lin Shi
This study aimed to investigate structural synaptic plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats under treadmill exercise pretreatment or naive conditions in a vascular dementia model, followed by recognition memory performance in a novel object recognition task. In this study, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained and randomly assigned into 4 groups as follows: control group (Con group, n = 6), vascular dementia (VD group, n = 6), exercise and vascular dementia group (Exe + VD group, n = 6), and exercise group (Exe group, n = 6)...
March 26, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531174/effect-of-increasing-cognitive-activity-participation-on-default-mode-network-in-older-adults-with-subjective-cognitive-decline-a-randomised-controlled-trial
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Allen Ting Chun Lee, Yishan Luo, Zhaohua Huo, Lin Shi, Winnie Chiu Wing Chu, Linda Chiu Wa Lam
BACKGROUND: Having more cognitive activities may prevent dementia, but its evidence of modulating the functional brain network is limited. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigated the effect of increased cognitive activity participation on the default mode network (DMN) in older adults who had already been having regular cognitive activity participation and experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD). METHODS: Community-living Chinese individuals aged 55-75 years with regular practice of Chinese calligraphy and screened positive for SCD (but negative for mild cognitive impairment or dementia) were randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group...
March 25, 2024: EBioMedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528956/activation-of-nucleus-accumbens-projections-to-the-ventral-tegmental-area-alters-molecular-signaling-and-neurotransmission-in-the-reward-system
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alaa Khayat, Rami Yaka
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are integral brain regions involved in reward processing and motivation, including responses to drugs of abuse. Previously, we have demonstrated that activation of NAc-VTA afferents during the acquisition of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) reduces the rewarding properties of cocaine and diminished the activity of VTA dopamine neurons. In the current study, we examined the impact of enhancing these inhibitory inputs on molecular changes and neurotransmission associated with cocaine exposure...
2024: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528075/choice-impulsivity-after-repeated-social-stress-is-associated-with-increased-perineuronal-nets-in-the-medial-prefrontal-cortex
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher A Martinez, Harry Pantazopoulos, Barbara Gisabella, Emily T Stephens, Jacob Garteiser, Alberto Del Arco
Repeated stress can predispose to substance abuse. However, behavioral and neurobiological adaptations that link stress to substance abuse remain unclear. This study investigates whether intermittent social defeat (ISD), a stress protocol that promotes drug-seeking behavior, alters intertemporal decision-making and cortical inhibitory function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Male long evans rats were trained in a delay discounting task (DDT) where rats make a choice between a fast (1 s) small reward (1 sugar pellet) and a large reward (3 sugar pellets) that comes with a time delay (10 s or 20 s)...
March 26, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524691/restoration-of-the-activity-of-the-prefrontal-cortex-to-the-nucleus-accumbens-core-pathway-relieves-fentanyl-induced-hyperalgesia-in-male-rats
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qiong Luo, Jing Luo, Xixi Wang, Sifei Gan
PURPOSE: Functional connectivity between the prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex (PL-mPFC) and the core of the nucleus accumbens (NAc core) predicts pain chronification. Inhibiting the apoptosis of oligodendrocytes in the PL-mPFC prevents fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia in rats. However, the role of prefrontal cortex (PFC)-NAc projections in opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) remains unclear. Herein, we explored the role of the PL-NAc core circuit in fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia. METHODS: An OIH rat model was established, and patch-clamp recording, immunofluorescence, optogenetics, and chemogenetic methods were employed for neuron excitability detection and nociceptive behavioral assessment...
2024: Journal of Pain Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522649/sex-differences-in-response-inhibition-related-neural-predictors-of-ptsd-in-recent-trauma-exposed-civilians
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bibian Borst, Tanja Jovanovic, Stacey L House, Steven E Bruce, Nathaniel G Harnett, Alyssa R Roeckner, Timothy D Ely, Lauren A M Lebois, Dmitri Young, Francesca L Beaudoin, Xinming An, Thomas C Neylan, Gari D Clifford, Sarah D Linnstaedt, Laura T Germine, Kenneth A Bollen, Scott L Rauch, John P Haran, Alan B Storrow, Christopher Lewandowski, Paul I Musey, Phyllis L Hendry, Sophia Sheikh, Christopher W Jones, Brittany E Punches, Lauren A Hudak, Jose L Pascual, Mark J Seamon, Elizabeth M Datner, Claire Pearson, David A Peak, Robert M Domeier, Niels K Rathlev, Brian J O'Neil, Paulina Sergot, Leon D Sanchez, Steven E Harte, Karestan C Koenen, Ronald C Kessler, Samuel A McLean, Kerry J Ressler, Jennifer S Stevens, Sanne J H van Rooij
BACKGROUND: Females are more likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than males. Impaired inhibition has been identified as mechanism for PTSD development, but studies on the potential sex differences of this neurobiological mechanism and how it relates to PTSD severity and progression are sparse. Here we examined sex differences in neural activation during response inhibition and PTSD following recent trauma. METHODS: Participants (N= 205, 138 female sex assigned at birth) were recruited from emergency departments within 72 hours of a traumatic event...
March 22, 2024: Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522237/involvement-of-cb-1-and-cb-2-receptors-in-neuroprotective-effects-of-cannabinoids-in-experimental-tdp-43-related-frontotemporal-dementia-using-male-mice
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Claudia Gonzalo-Consuegra, Irene Santos-García, Laura García-Toscano, Raquel Martín-Baquero, Carmen Rodríguez-Cueto, Matthias B Wittwer, Pawel Dzygiel, Uwe Grether, Eva de Lago, Javier Fernández-Ruiz
BACKGROUND: The elevation of endocannabinoid levels through inhibiting their degradation afforded neuroprotection in CaMKIIα-TDP-43 mice, a conditional transgenic model of frontotemporal dementia. However, which cannabinoid receptors are mediating these benefits is still pending to be elucidated. METHODS: We have investigated the involvement of the CB1 and the CB2 receptor using chronic treatments with selective ligands in CaMKIIα-TDP-43 mice, analysis of their cognitive deterioration with the Novel Object Recognition test, and immunostaining for neuronal and glial markers in two areas of interest in frontotemporal dementia...
March 23, 2024: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522078/impaired-neuronal-macroautophagy-in-the-prelimbic-cortex-contributes-to-comorbid-anxiety-like-behaviors-in-rats-with-chronic-neuropathic-pain
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Su Fu, Haojie Sun, Jiaxin Wang, Shuaixin Gao, Liu Zhu, Kun Cui, Shimeng Liu, Xuetao Qi, Rui Guan, Xiaocen Fan, Qingying Liu, Wen Chen, Li Su, Shuang Cui, Feifei Liao, Fengyu Liu, Catherine C L Wong, Ming Yi, You Wan
A large proportion of patients with chronic pain experience co-morbid anxiety. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is proposed to underlie this comorbidity, but the molecular and neuronal mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we reported that impaired neuronal macroautophagy in the prelimbic cortical (PrL) subregion of the mPFC paralleled the occurrence of anxiety-like behaviors in rats with chronic spared nerve injury (SNI). Intriguingly, such macroautophagy impairment was mainly observed in a FOS/c-Fos+ neuronal subpopulation in the PrL...
March 24, 2024: Autophagy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521994/fragile-x-cortex-is-characterized-by-decreased-parvalbumin-expressing-interneurons
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pablo Juarez, Maria Jimena Salcedo-Arellano, Brett Dufour, Veronica Martinez-Cerdeño
Fragile X syndrome is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a mutation of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene in the X chromosome. Many fragile X syndrome cases present with autism spectrum disorder and fragile X syndrome cases account for up to 5% of all autism spectrum disorder cases. The cellular composition of the fragile X syndrome cortex is not well known. We evaluated alterations in the number of Calbindin, Calretinin, and Parvalbumin expressing interneurons across 5 different cortical areas, medial prefrontal cortex (BA46), primary somatosensory cortex (BA3), primary motor cortex (BA4), superior temporal cortex (BA22), and anterior cingulate cortex (BA24) of fragile X syndrome and neurotypical brains...
March 1, 2024: Cerebral Cortex
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521993/shared-and-differing-functional-connectivity-abnormalities-of-the-default-mode-network-in-mild-cognitive-impairment-and-alzheimer-s-disease
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yaxuan Wang, Qian Li, Li Yao, Ning He, Yingying Tang, Lizhou Chen, Fenghua Long, Yufei Chen, Graham J Kemp, Su Lui, Fei Li
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) both show abnormal resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of default mode network (DMN), but it is unclear to what extent these abnormalities are shared. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis, including 31 MCI studies and 20 AD studies. MCI patients, compared to controls, showed decreased within-DMN rsFC in bilateral medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex (mPFC/ACC), precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), right temporal lobes, and left angular gyrus and increased rsFC between DMN and left inferior temporal gyrus...
March 1, 2024: Cerebral Cortex
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521861/adolescent-nicotine-exposure-induces-long-term-sex-specific-disturbances-in-mood-and-anxiety-related-behavioral-neuronal-and-molecular-phenotypes-in-the-mesocorticolimbic-system
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tsun Hay Jason Ng, Mohammed H Sarikahya, Roger Hudson, Hanna J Szkudlarek, Enzo Pérez-Valenzuela, Taygun C Uzuneser, Emma Proud, Dana Gummerson, Miray Youssef, Madeline Machado, Kuralay Zhaksylyk, Marieka V DeVuono, Chaochao Chen, Ken K-C Yeung, Walter J Rushlow, Steven R Laviolette
The majority of lifetime smokers begin using nicotine during adolescence, a critical period of brain development wherein neural circuits critical for mood, affect and cognition are vulnerable to drug-related insults. Specifically, brain regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus, are implicated in both nicotine dependence and pathological phenotypes linked to mood and anxiety disorders. Clinical studies report that females experience higher rates of mood/anxiety disorders and are more resistant to smoking cessation therapies, suggesting potential sex-specific responses to nicotine exposure and later-life neuropsychiatric risk...
March 23, 2024: Neuropsychopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520362/electroencephalography-connectome-changes-in-chronic-insomnia-disorder-are-correlated-with-neurochemical-signatures
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liyong Yu, Wei Peng, Wenting Lin, Yucai Luo, Daijie Hu, Guangli Zhao, Hao Xu, Zeyang Dou, Qi Zhang, Xiaojuan Hong, Siyi Yu
STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the alterations in resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) global brain connectivity (GBC) in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID) and to explore the correlation between macroscale connectomic variances and microscale neurotransmitter distributions. METHODS: We acquired 64-channel EEG from 35 female CID patients and 34 healthy females. EEG signals were source-localized using individual brain anatomy and orthogonalized to mitigate volume conduction...
March 23, 2024: Sleep
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519887/association-of-in-utero-hiv-exposure-with-child-brain-structure-and-language-development-a-south-african-birth-cohort-study
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Catherine J Wedderburn, Shunmay Yeung, Sivenesi Subramoney, Jean-Paul Fouche, Shantanu H Joshi, Katherine L Narr, Andrea M Rehman, Annerine Roos, Diana M Gibb, Heather J Zar, Dan J Stein, Kirsten A Donald
BACKGROUND: There is a growing population of children with in utero HIV exposure who are at risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes despite avoiding HIV infection. However, the underlying neurobiological pathways are not understood and neuroimaging studies are lacking. We aimed to investigate the cortical brain structure of children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected (HEU) compared to HIV-unexposed (HU) children and to examine the relationship with neurodevelopment. METHODS: The Drakenstein Child Health birth cohort study enrolled pregnant women from a high HIV prevalence area in South Africa with longitudinal follow-up of mother-child pairs...
March 22, 2024: BMC Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517179/distinct-and-common-mechanisms-of-cross-model-semantic-conflict-and-response-conflict-in-an-auditory-relevant-task
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Honghui Xu, Guochun Yang, Florian Göschl, Guido Nolte, Qiaoyue Ren, Zhenghan Li, Haiyan Wu, Andreas K Engel, Qi Li, Xun Liu
The mechanisms of semantic conflict and response conflict in the Stroop task have mainly been investigated in the visual modality. However, the understanding of these mechanisms in cross-modal modalities remains limited. In this electroencephalography (EEG) study, an audiovisual 2-1 mapping Stroop task was utilized to investigate whether distinct and/or common neural mechanisms underlie cross-modal semantic conflict and response conflict. The response time data showed significant effects on both cross-modal semantic and response conflicts...
March 1, 2024: Cerebral Cortex
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516831/activation-of-sting-signaling-aggravates-chronic-alcohol-exposure-induced-cognitive-impairment-by-increasing-neuroinflammation-and-mitochondrial-apoptosis
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinrou Lin, Xiangpen Li, Chenguang Li, Hongxuan Wang, Lubin Zou, Jingrui Pan, Xiaoni Zhang, Lei He, Xiaoming Rong, Ying Peng
AIMS: Chronic alcohol exposure leads to persistent neurological disorders, which are mainly attributed to neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) is essential in the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway and is involved in inflammation and cellular death processes. This study was to examine the expression pattern and biological functions of STING signaling in alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS: Cell-free DNA was extracted from human and mouse plasma...
March 2024: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514527/acute-administration-of-hiv-1-tat-protein-drives-glutamatergic-alterations-in-a-rodent-model-of-hiv-associated-neurocognitive-disorders
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brenna C Duffy, Kirsten M King, Binod Nepal, Michael R Nonnemacher, Sandhya Kortagere
HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are a major comorbidity of HIV-1 infection, marked by impairment of executive function varying in severity. HAND affects nearly half of people living with HIV (PLWH), with mild forms predominating since the use of anti-retroviral therapies (ART). The HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein is found in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients adherent to ART, and its administration or expression in animals causes cognitive symptoms. Studies of Tat interaction with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) suggest that glutamate toxicity contributes to Tat-induced impairments...
March 22, 2024: Molecular Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514180/value-estimation-versus-effort-mobilization-a-general-dissociation-between-ventromedial-and-dorsomedial-prefrontal-cortex
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicolas Clairis, Mathias Pessiglione
Deciding for a course of action requires both an accurate estimation of option values and a right amount of effort invested in deliberation to reach sufficient confidence in the final choice. In a previous study, we have provided evidence, across a series of judgement and choice tasks, for a dissociation between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which would represent option values, and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), which would represent the duration of deliberation. Here, we first replicate this dissociation and extend it to the case of an instrumental learning task, in which 24 human volunteers (13 women) choose between options associated with probabilistic gains and losses...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513762/vta-excitatory-neurons-impact-reward-driven-behavior-by-modulating-infralimbic-cortical-firing
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tolulope Adeyelu, Tashonda Vaughn, Olalekan M Ogundele
The functional dichotomy of anatomical regions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been tested with greater certainty in punishment-driven tasks, and less so in reward-oriented paradigms. In the infralimbic cortex (IL), known for behavioral suppression (STOP), tasks linked with reward or punishment are encoded through firing rate decrease or increase, respectively. Although the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is the brain region governing reward/aversion learning, the link between its excitatory neuron population and IL encoding of reward-linked behavioral expression is unclear...
March 19, 2024: Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511534/opportunities-for-risk-taking-during-play-alters-cognitive-performance-and-prefrontal-inhibitory-signalling-in-rats-of-both-sexes
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ate Bijlsma, Evelien E Birza, Tara C Pimentel, Janneke P M Maranus, Marieke J J M van Gaans, José G Lozeman-van T Klooster, Annemarie J M Baars, E J Marijke Achterberg, Heidi M B Lesscher, Corette J Wierenga, Louk J M J Vanderschuren
Social play behaviour is a rewarding activity that can entail risks, thus allowing young individuals to test the limits of their capacities and to train their cognitive and emotional adaptability to challenges. Here, we tested in rats how opportunities for risk-taking during play affect the development of cognitive and emotional capacities and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) function, a brain structure important for risk-based decision making. Male and female rats were housed socially or social play-deprived (SPD) between postnatal day (P)21 and P42...
March 21, 2024: European Journal of Neuroscience
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