Acute respiratory infection

Objectives  We sought to describe characteristics of mechanically ventilated pregnant patients, evaluate utilization of low-tidal-volume ventilation (LTVV) and high-tidal-volume ventilation (HTVV) by trimester, and describe maternal and fetal outcomes by ventilation strategy. Study Design  This is a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with mechanical ventilation for greater than 24 hours between July 2012 and August 2020 at a tertiary care academic medical center. We defined LTVV as average daily tidal volume 8 mL/kg of less of predicted body weight, and HTVV as greater than 8 mL/kg...

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections associated with numerous hospitalizations. Recently, intramuscular (i.m.) vaccines against RSV have been approved for elderly and pregnant women. Noninvasive mucosal vaccination, e.g., by inhalation, offers an alternative against respiratory pathogens like RSV. Effective mucosal vaccines induce local immune responses, potentially resulting in the efficient and fast elimination of respiratory viruses after natural infection...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis can disrupt immune regulation and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) frequently. Remazolam, a fast-acting hypnotic drug with superior qualities compared to other drugs, was investigated for its potential protective effects against sepsis-induced ARDS. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, including the sepsis + saline group, sham operation + saline group, sham operation + remazolam group and the sepsis + remazolam group...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, commonly known as COVID-19, has been associated with various neurological complications. However, the mechanisms underlying these neurological manifestations remain incompletely understood. We present a case of a 63-year-old male who was admitted to the intensive care unit with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Following recovery from respiratory symptoms, he was found to have weakness in the limbs. Months later, he also developed altered mental status, hallucinations, and behavioral changes...

We present a clinical case of a 79-year-old male admitted to inpatient care for longstanding asthenia and respiratory symptoms. Associated features were polyserositis, multiple enlarged lymphatic nodules, acute kidney injury, and heart failure. The patient's recent medical history revealed SARS-CoV-2 vaccination a week prior and an upper respiratory tract infection. The laboratory results from thoracentesis were compatible with a transudate, with no immunological stain. Epstein-Barr virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive...

OBJECTIVES: Severe maxillofacial space infection (MSI) as an end stage of dentoalveolar diseases or complication of sialadenitis is a potentially life-threatening disease accompanied by complications including airway obstruction, jugular vein thrombosis, descending mediastinitis, sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and time trends of severe MSI and potentially influencing factors in the German healthcare system over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nationwide data regarding the national diagnosis-related-group (DRG) inpatient billing system was received from the German Federal Statistical Office...

Exposome studies are advancing in high-income countries to understand how multiple environmental exposures impact health. However, there is a significant research gap in low- and middle-income and tropical countries. We aimed to describe the spatiotemporal variation of the external exposome, its correlation structure between and within exposure groups, and its dimensionality. A one-year follow-up cohort study of 506 children under 5 in two cities in Colombia was conducted to evaluate asthma, acute respiratory infections, and DNA damage...

OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus). This virus evolved into several variants, each with different severity. There are surges in the numbers of infected patients, commonly described as "waves". In Kuwait, three waves occurred. Our study describes and compares the clinical presentation and outcomes of critically ill pregnant patients infected with different variants. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study in two intensive care units (ICU) dedicated to patients with COVID-19...

Virus entry inhibitors are emerging as an attractive class of therapeutics for the suppression of viral transmission. Naturally occurring pradimicin A (PRM-A) has received particular attention as the first-in-class entry inhibitor that targets N-glycans present on viral surface. Despite the uniqueness of its glycan-targeted antiviral activity, there is still limited knowledge regarding how PRM-A binds to viral N-glycans. Therefore, in this study, we performed binding analysis of PRM-A with synthetic oligosaccharides that reflect the structural motifs characteristic of viral N-glycans...

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infection, with the greatest impact on infants, immunocompromised individuals, and older adults. RSV prevalence decreased substantially in the United States (US) following the implementation of COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions but later rebounded with abnormal seasonality. The biological and epidemiological factors underlying this altered behavior remain poorly defined. In this retrospective cohort study from 2009 to 2023 in Chicago, Illinois, US, we examined RSV epidemiology, clinical severity, and genetic diversity...

BACKGROUND: Despite vaccines' effectiveness in reducing COVID-19 infection rates and disease severity, their impact on critical patients presenting with acute respiratory failure is elusive. The aim of this study was to further investigate the influence of vaccination on mortality rates among severely ill COVID-19 patients experiencing acute respiratory failure. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was carried out at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan. From April to September 2022, patients who tested positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and subsequently experienced acute respiratory failure were included in the study...

OBJECTIVE: To describe persistent pulmonary abnormalities detected on HRCT after 18 months of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, and to determine their extension and correlation with pulmonary function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study with an initial cohort of 90 patients in follow-up due to persisting lung abnormalities on imaging, functional respiratory impairment and/or respiratory symptoms. Of these, 31 (34%) were selected for analysis due to the persistence of their lung abnormalities on HRCT at 18 months after infection...

Wastewater surveillance has evolved into a powerful tool for monitoring public health-relevant analytes. Recent applications in tracking severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection highlight its potential. Beyond humans, it can be extended to livestock settings due to the increasing demand for livestock products. Livestock intensification poses risks of disease emergence. Wastewater surveillance offers non-invasive, cost-effective means to detect potential outbreaks. This approach aligns with the "One Health" paradigm, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and ecosystem health...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has posed significant challenges to global health. While much attention has been directed towards understanding the primary mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, emerging evidence suggests co-infections or superinfections with other viruses may contribute to increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in severe cases of COVID-19. Among viruses that have been reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2, seropositivity for Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is associated with increased COVID-19 risk and hospitalization...

BACKGROUND: The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) has been considered as a valid and reliable tool for predicting poor clinical outcomes and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, its relationship with the severity of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been thoroughly explored. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to identify the impact of the comorbidity burden, quantitatively assessed by applying CCI, on the severity of inpatient community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by SARS-CoV-2...

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To investigate the gender and age characteristics of psychopathological symptoms in patients in the acute phase of respiratory infection SARS-CoV-2. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A total of 66 patients aged 8 to 92 years, sick with COVID-19 during inpatient treatment with lung damage from 30 to 70%, confirmed radiologically, in the period up to 20 days from the onset of the disease, were examined. To assess the mental status of patients with COVID-19, we used a clinical, clinical-psychopathological, psychometric method, which included the following questionnaires as part of psychiatric screening for studying psychopathological symptoms upon admission to the hospital...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children has been increasing worldwide since the onset of the pandemic. This study examined the risk factors and characteristics of COVID-19 among pediatric patients compared to other respiratory viral infections. METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Patients aged 0-18 years presenting with respiratory symptoms from October 2020 to December 2021 were included. Demographic and clinical data were reviewed...

INTRODUCTION: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection represented a disruptive pathology that emerged in late 2019 with profound implications ranging from individual health to health systems and world economy. Our study aimed to evaluate clinical, biochemical and computerized tomography (CT) parameters values in determining the severity of pulmonary embolism (PE) associated with COVID-19. METHODS: We performed an observational cohort study evaluating demographic, clinical, biochemical, coagulation markers, as well as CT imaging parameters...

BACKGROUND: Patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV 2) and requiring mechanical ventilation suffer from a high incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), mainly related to Enterobacterales. Data regarding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) VAP are scarce. We aimed to investigate risk factors and outcomes of ESBL-E related VAP among critically ill coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) patients who developed Enterobacterales related VAP...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is identified as the functional receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the ongoing global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to elucidate potential therapeutic avenues by scrutinizing approved drugs through the identification of the genetic signature associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with asthma. This exploration was conducted through an integrated analysis, encompassing interaction networks between the ACE2 receptor and common host (co-host) factors implicated in COVID-19/asthma comorbidity...