keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531396/practices-in-the-prescription-of-antiseizure-medications-is-it-time-to-change
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lécio Figueira Pinto, Lucas Scárdua Silva, Rafael Batista João, Vinícius Boldrini, Fernando Cendes, Clarissa Lin Yasuda
The treatment of epilepsy has advanced over the past 30 years through the development of new antiseizure medications (ASMs). Unfortunately, not all of them have been approved yet in Brazil, and many are still underused. When comparing new ASMs to older ones, they are generally not more effective in treating epilepsy. However, they offer better tolerability, with fewer interactions and long-term side effects, especially for patients with comorbidities or those requiring polytherapy. Enzyme induction caused by older ASMs is associated with increased cholesterol levels, drug interactions with decreased effects of statins and other cardiovascular medications, anticoagulants, chemotherapy, immunosuppressors, anti-infective agents (including HIV treatment), antidepressants, and contraceptives...
June 2024: Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530447/association-of-vitamin-d-with-disease-severity-in-infants-with-bronchiolitis
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jashan Mittal, Nikhil Rajvanshi, Kkomal Suvarna, Prawin Kumar, Jagdish Prasad Goyal
UNLABELLED: Vitamin D's role in immune system regulation and its contribution to host defenses against respiratory infections may have implications for bronchiolitis pathophysiology. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the association between the clinical severity of bronchiolitis and serum vitamin D levels in infants. Infants aged 1 month to 12 months, diagnosed with bronchiolitis, and healthy controls attending routine immunization were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were recorded, including clinical details, bronchiolitis severity, and course during hospital stay...
March 26, 2024: European Journal of Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529069/isolation-and-characterization-of-cholera-toxin-gene-positive-vibrio-cholerae-non-o1-non-o139-isolated-from-urinary-tract-infection-a-case-report
#3
Reem Aljindan, Reema Allahham, Rana Alghamdi, Ibrahim Alhabib, Samia AlNassri, Wala Alkhalifa, Asim Diab, Amer Alomar, Lamya Yamani, Nasreldin Elhadi
BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by V. cholerae is rare and less common. V. cholerae is a Gram-negative bacterium motile using single polar flagellum and, originally, is a waterborne microbe found in aquatic and estuarine environments. Toxigenic V. cholerae is well-known as a causative agent of acute and excessive watery diarrhea after ingesting food and water contaminated with this bacterium. CASE PRESENTATION: A 27-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department on 17th July 2021 with burning micturition, normal vital signs, and no fever, vomiting, or diarrhea...
2024: Infection and Drug Resistance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524183/the-effect-of-vitamin-d-deficiency-on-platelet-parameters-in-patients-with-covid-19
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amirhossein Talebzadeh, Hadi Ghaffari, Kazem Ghaffari, Sorur Yazdanpanah, Bahman Yousefi Goltappeh, Majid Eslami, Ali Ghasemi
INTRODUCTION: Since there is very little information about the relationship between platelet parameters and vitamin D concentration in patients with COVID-19, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D level and platelet parameters in patients with COVID-19 and to compare these parameters in patients with COVID-19 without vitamin D deficiency and, subsequently, the prognostic value of these parameters in cases of vitamin D deficiency. METHODS: Seven hundred and forty-three patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were enrolled in this study...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521361/1-25-dihydroxyvitamin-d-3-mediated-effects-on-bovine-innate-immunity-and-on-biofilm-forming-staphylococcus-spp-isolated-from-cattle-with-mastitis
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Georgina Tiraboschi, Paula Isaac, María Laura Breser, Virginia Angiolini, Lucía Rodriguez-Berdini, Carina Porporatto, Luciana Paola Bohl
Mastitis is one the most widespread and serious diseases in dairy cattle. Recurrent and chronic infections are often attributable to certain pathogenicity mechanisms in mastitis-causing pathogens such as Staphylococcus spp. These include growing in biofilm and invading cells, both of which make it possible to resist or evade antimicrobial therapies and the host's immune system. This study tested the effects of active vitamin D3 (i.e., calcitriol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ) on the internalization and phagocytosis of biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38487755/should-i-supplement-vitamin-d-in-a-patient-with-sepsis
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vedran Kovacic
Sepsis is a potentially fatal organ failure produced by the host's immune response to infection. It is critical to identify risk factors associated with a poor prognosis in septic patients in order to develop new therapy options. Vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin cholecalciferol < 20 ng/mL) is common in critical and septic patients. Serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with an increased incidence of mortality in critically ill adult patients. In critically ill patients, vitamin D supplementation (a very high vitamin D 3 or cholecalciferol loading dosage as a single bolus dose ranging from 400,000 to 540,000 IU) is feasible and safe...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Acute Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485111/a-critical-review-on-the-long-term-covid-19-impacts-on-patients-with-diabetes
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sumel Ashique, Neeraj Mishra, Ashish Garg, Sweta Garg, Arshad Farid, Shweta Rai, Gaurav Gupta, Dua Kamal, Keshav Raj Paudel, Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
BACKGROUND: The world is currently grappling with the potentially life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), marking it as the most severe health crisis in the modern era. COVID-19 has led to a pandemic, with the World Health Organization (WHO) predicting that individuals with diabetes are at a higher risk of contracting the virus compared to the general population. This review aims to provide a practical summary of the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on patients with diabetes...
March 12, 2024: American Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38475712/h-pylori-infection-and-osteoporosis-a-large-scale-observational-and-mendelian-randomization-study
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ling Zhang, Daya Zhang, Ling Wei, Yan Zhou, Ximei Li, Runxiang Chen, Xiaodong Zhang, Shiju Chen, Feihu Bai
PURPOSE: There is controversy concerning the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and osteoporosis. This study is to examine the causal relationship between H. pylori infection and osteoporosis and to analyze the potential mechanism underlying the relationship. METHODS: The clinical data of H. pylori infection and bone mineral density from patients or physical examiner with good general condition in our hospital between September 2019 and September 2020 were retrospectively collected...
March 12, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38474807/preventive-vitamin-d-supplementation-and-risk-for-covid-19-infection-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#9
REVIEW
Marina Sartini, Filippo Del Puente, Martino Oliva, Alessio Carbone, Nicoletta Bobbio, Elisa Schinca, Luana Giribone, Maria Luisa Cristina
Over the past few decades, vitamin D has been found to play a crucial role in bone homeostasis, muscle function, oncogenesis, immune response and metabolism. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous researchers have tried to determine the role vitamin D might play in the immune response to the virus. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to demonstrate that preventive vitamin D supplementation can play a protective role in the incidence of COVID-19, mortality and admission to intensive care units (ICUs)...
February 28, 2024: Nutrients
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38474725/the-distinct-regulation-of-the-vitamin-d-and-aryl-hydrocarbon-receptors-in-covid-19
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Oliver Robak, Marie-Theres Kastner, Astrid Voill-Glaninger, André Viveiros, Christoph Steininger
(1) Background: SARS-CoV-2 affects several immune pathways, including the vitamin D (VDR) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathways (AhR). The aim of the study was the evaluation of the VDR and AhR pathways in the blood of COVID-19 patients with regard to the severity of disease. (2) Methods: Observational, single-center, case-control design. A total of 240 samples were selected for exploration. Patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 but suffered from other respiratory infections (ORIs) served as a control group...
February 22, 2024: Nutrients
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468371/in-vitro-effect-of-ebv-infection-on-herv-k18-env-expression-in-the-presence-and-absence-of-vitamin-d-in-multiple-sclerosis-patients
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tayebeh Latifi, Majid Teymoori-Rad, Ahmad Nejati, Shohreh Shahmahmoodi, Farhad Rezaei, Sayed Mahdi Marashi
BACKGROUND: HERV-K env is associated with several neurological disorders, including MS. Clinical studies have demonstrated a plausible interaction between HERV-K env and other MS risk factors. The present study aimed to investigate the possible association between HERV-K18 env and TGF-β. We further assessed the in vitro effect of EBV infection on HERV-K18 env expression in the presence and absence of vitamin D in MS patients. METHODS: PBMCs from 20 MS patients and 20 healthy controls were infected with the B95...
October 29, 2023: Iranian Biomedical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38458789/prevalence-and-correlates-of-paediatric-guideline-non-adherence-for-initial-empirical-care-in-six-low-and-middle-income-settings-a-hospital-based-cross-sectional-study
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Riffat Ara Shawon, Donna Denno, Kirkby D Tickell, Michael Atuhairwe, Robert Bandsma, Ezekiel Mupere, Wieger Voskuijl, Emmie Mbale, Tahmeed Ahmed, Md Jobayer Chisti, Ali Faisal Saleem, Moses Ngari, Abdoulaye Hama Diallo, James Berkley, Judd Walson, Arianna Rubin Means
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the prevalence and correlates of guideline non-adherence for common childhood illnesses in low-resource settings. DESIGN AND SETTING: We used secondary cross-sectional data from eight healthcare facilities in six Asian and African countries. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2796 children aged 2-23 months hospitalised between November 2016 and January 2019 with pneumonia, diarrhoea or severe malnutrition (SM) and without HIV infection were included in this study...
March 8, 2024: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38455817/a-comprehensive-review-of-the-immunomodulatory-effects-of-vitamin-d-in-sepsis
#13
REVIEW
Abhinav Ahuja, Sachin Agrawal, Sourya Acharya, Sunil Kumar
Sepsis remains a critical global health challenge characterised by a dysregulated immune response to infection, leading to systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction. This review examines the immunomodulatory effects of Vitamin D in sepsis, focusing on its regulation of immune cell function, modulation of cytokine production, and enhancement of antimicrobial responses. While the potential of Vitamin D as an adjunctive therapy in sepsis management is evident, challenges such as variability in Vitamin D status, uncertainties regarding optimal dosages and patient heterogeneity, and potential adverse effects require careful consideration...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38451442/immunomodulatory-effects-of-vitamin-d-and-zinc-on-viral-infection
#14
REVIEW
Muhammad Rizwan, Ke Cheng, Yang Gang, Yuntao Hou, Chunfang Wang
Several nutrients are crucial in enhancing the immune system and preserving the structural integrity of bodily tissue barriers. Vitamin D (VD) and zinc (Zn) have received considerable interest due to their immunomodulatory properties and ability to enhance the body's immune defenses. Due to their antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory properties, the two nutritional powerhouses VD and Zn are crucial for innate and adaptive immunity. As observed with COVID-19, deficiencies in these micronutrients impair immune responses, increasing susceptibility to viral infections and severe disease...
March 7, 2024: Biological Trace Element Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38446753/exposure-of-helicobacter-pylori-to-clarithromycin-in-vitro-resulting-in-the-development-of-resistance-and-triggers-metabolic-reprogramming-associated-with-virulence-and-pathogenicity
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naim Asyraf Rosli, Anis Rageh Al-Maleki, Mun Fai Loke, Sun Tee Tay, Mohd Salleh Rofiee, Lay Kek Teh, Mohd Zaki Salleh, Jamuna Vadivelu
In H. pylori infection, antibiotic-resistance is one of the most common causes of treatment failure. Bacterial metabolic activities, such as energy production, bacterial growth, cell wall construction, and cell-cell communication, all play important roles in antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Identification of microbial metabolites may result in the discovery of novel antimicrobial therapeutic targets and treatments. The purpose of this work is to assess H. pylori metabolomic reprogramming in order to reveal the underlying mechanisms associated with the development of clarithromycin resistance...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38439754/association-of-vitamin-d-with-hiv-infected-individuals-tb-infected-individuals-and-hiv-tb-co-infected-individuals-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#16
Kaidi Xie, Yang Zhang, Mei Zhang, Hao Wu, Luyao Zheng, Jiahao Ji, Zhen Li, Wen Wang, Tong Zhang
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a worldwide disease. VDD is also associated with an increased risk of HIV-related comorbidities and mortality, and patients have a tendency to develop active tuberculosis compared to those with latent tuberculosis infection. Vitamin D supplementation may modulate HIV replication, improve TB inflammation and reduce progression of HIV-TB co-infection. METHODS: We meta-analyzed individual participant data from cohort studies, cross-sectional study, and RCTs of vitamin D in HIV group, TB group, and HIV-TB group...
2024: Frontiers in Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435900/delayed-irreversible-fanconi-syndrome-associated-with-vertebral-fracture-after-tenofovir-discontinuation
#17
Ghofran N Qorban, Jameelah Alyami, Shaza Samargandy, Tariq A Madani
The use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) as an antiretroviral agent has been reported to adversely affect both renal tubules and bone health, leading to pathological fractures. While such an effect is largely reversible, substituting TDF with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) might result in lower rates of adverse events with the preservation of tenofovir effectiveness. We report a case of a 40-year-old lady with HIV infection who had a vertebral fragility fracture secondary to TDF-associated Fanconi syndrome...
January 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435208/a-retrospective-public-health-assessment-and-management-in-terms-of-the-social-and-clinical-risk-factors-of-respiratory-syncytial-virus-infection-in-northern-canada
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sana Sharif Sheikh, Hina Sharif, Nadia Sharif
Background The predominant source of respiratory infections in Northern Canada stems from RSV, leading to potentially life-threatening lower respiratory tract infections in children below the age of 2. Typically, RSV begins to appear in November or December and persists until April or May. Synagis® (Palivizumab), a monoclonal antibody, is employed to mitigate or reduce the effects of RSV. Past research indicated a reduction in hospitalizations with the use of Synagis®. Aim The aim is to estimate the cost-benefit analysis by comparing the health services cost with Synagis® program cost...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38427282/dietary-intakes-of-vitamin-d-promote-growth-performance-and-disease-resistance-in-juvenile-grass-carp-ctenopharyngodon-idella
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yueyue Wang, Jiaxi Liu, Haoran Xiao, Hao Sun, Hengyi Hu, Xiaoyu Ma, Anying Zhang, Hong Zhou
Vitamin D3 (VD3 ) is an essential nutrient for fish and participates in a variety of physiological activities. Notably, both insufficient and excessive supplementation of VD3 severely impede fish growth, and the requirements of VD3 for fish vary considerably in different species and growth periods. The present study aimed to evaluate the appropriate requirements of VD3 for juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) according to growth performance and disease prevention capacity. In this study, diets containing six supplemental levels of VD3 (0, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, and 4800 IU/kg diet) were formulated to investigate the effect(s) of VD3 on the growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, and antimicrobial ability in juvenile grass carp...
March 1, 2024: Fish Physiology and Biochemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38427255/promises-of-lipid-based-nanocarriers-for-delivery-of-dimethyl-fumarate-to-multiple-sclerosis-brain
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sreya Subhash, Nishtha Chaurawal, Kaisar Raza
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) infecting 2.5 million people worldwide. It is the most common nontraumatic neurological impairment in young adults. The blood-brain barrier rupture for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis has two effects: first, during the onset of the immunological attack, and second, for the CNS self-sustained "inside-out" demyelination and neurodegeneration processes. In addition to genetic variations, environmental and lifestyle variables can also significantly increase the risk of developing MS...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
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