reniform nematode

Reniform nematode ( Rotylenchulus reniformis ) is an important microparasite for Upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) production. Growing resistant cultivars is the most economical management method, but only a few G. barbadense genotypes and some diploid Gossypium species confer high levels of resistance. This study conducted a transcriptome analysis of resistant genotypes to identify genes involved in host plant defense. Seedlings of G. arboreum accessions PI 529728 (A2-100) and PI 615699 (A2-190), and G...

Reniform nematode ( Rotylenchulus reniformis ) is a major pest of sweetpotato in many production regions in Southern United States. Applying soil fumigants and non-fumigant nematicides are the primary management strategies available to growers. This study compared the relative efficacy of nematicides (1,3-dichloropropene, fluopyram, oxamyl, fluazaindolizine, aldicarb, Majestene, and fluensulfone) for management of reniform nematode on sweetpotato. Fumigating soil with 1,3-dichloropropene consistently reduced soil population densities of reniform nematode at the time of planting in both trial years (31 - 36% reduction relative to the untreated control); however, the duration of suppression varied greatly by growing season...

The reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira) adversely impacts the quality and quantity of sweetpotato storage roots. Management of R. reniformis in sweetpotato remains a challenge because host plant resistance is not available, fumigants are detrimental to the environment and health, and crop rotation is not effective. We screened a core set of 24 sweetpotato plant introductions (PIs) against R. reniformis. Four PIs were resistant and 10 were moderately resistant to R. reniformis suggesting these PIs can serve as sources of resistance for sweetpotato resistance breeding programs...

Around 300 different plant species are infected by the plant-parasitic reniform nematode ( Rotylenchulus reniformis ), including cotton. This is a devasting nematode with a preference for cotton; it is commonly found in Alabama farms and causes severe reduction in yields. Its first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region can be sequenced, and potential mutations can be found in order to study the population dynamics of the reniform nematode. The goal of our study was to sequence the ITS1 rDNA region in male and female RNs that were collected from BelleMina, Hamilton, and Lamons locations in Alabama...

Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode, RN) is among the most important nematodes affecting cotton. Cultural practices, such as rotation and soil amendment, are established methods for managing RN. Management may be enhanced if crop residue has biofumigant properties against RN. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of winter crop amendments for managing RN in the greenhouse. Reniform nematode-infested soil was amended with dry or fresh organic matter (OM, 2% w/w) from winter crops - canola, carinata, hairy vetch, oat, or no crop...

Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode, RN) is an important pathogen in cotton production. Cultural practices such as crop rotation and biofumigation-management of soil pathogens by biocidal compounds from crop residues-may help manage RN. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of winter crops for RN management through combinations of rotation and crop residue incorporation in a cotton greenhouse experiment. A total of 10 treatments were evaluated in soil inoculated with RN: three winter crops (carinata, oat, or hairy vetch) grown in rotation with no shoot organic matter (OM) incorporated (1-3), fresh shoot OM incorporated (4-6), or dry shoot OM incorporated (7-9), and a fallow control (10)...

The subtropical climate of Florida allows for a wide range of crops to be grown. With the classification of hemp ( Cannabis sativa L., <0.3% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) as an agricultural commodity, hemp has become a potential alternative crop in Florida. Hemp cultivars of different geographies (Europe, China, and North America), and uses (fiber, oil and CBD), were evaluated in three field experiments. The field experiments evaluated a total of 26 cultivars and were conducted for two consecutive seasons at three different locations (soil types) in North (sandy loam), Central (fine sand), and South Florida (gravelly loam)...

Meloidogyne enterolobii [the guava root-knot nematode (RKN)] is an emerging plant-parasitic nematode that poses a threat to Upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) production in the southeastern United States. Like other RKN spp., M. enterolobii has a wide host range and proven ability to overcome resistance sources that have helped protect crops from other Meloidogyne spp., including the southern RKN ( Meloidogyne incognita ). In this study we evaluated the virulence of two North Carolina M. enterolobii isolates on Upland cotton germplasm lines having resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) to RKN (M240 RNR, MRk-Rn-1) and/or reniform nematode ( Rotylenchulus reniformis ) (M713 Ren1, MRk-Rn-1) in comparison to their susceptible recurrent parents (DPL61, SG747)...

A three-year rotation of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) cultivars either resistant (R) or susceptible (S) to Rotylenchulus reniformis and fallow (F) was examined for effect on cotton yield and nematode density. In year 1, 2, and 3, the resistant cultivar (DP 2143NR B3XF) yielded 78, 77, and 113% higher than the susceptible cultivar (DP 2044 B3XF). Fallow in year 1 followed by S in year 2 (F1S2) improved yield in year 2 by 24% compared with S1S2, but not as much as R1S2 (41% yield increase over S1S2). One year of fallow followed by R (F1R2) had lower yield in year 2 (11% reduction) than R1R2...

Sponge gourd ( Luffa cylindrica ) is an important annual climbing herbaceous crop used as edible vegetable, industrial material and medicine crop. It is widely cultivated in China. In October 2019, six root and rhizosphere soil samples were collected from a field growing sponge gourd (cv. Zaoxiu 6) in Caoba Town, Mengzi City, Yunnan Province, China. Sponge gourd roots exhibited distinct brown lesions, while above-ground symptoms of plants were not observed in this field at sampling. Nematodes were extracted from soil using the modified tray method, and nematodes in root tissues were observed using the acid fuchsin method (Whitehead and Hemming 1965; Bybd et al...

Tioxazafen is a seed-applied nematicide used in row crops. Currently, there are no data on nematode toxicity, nematode recovery, or effects of low concentrations of tioxazafen on nematode infection of a host root for Meloidogyne incognita or Rotylenchulus reniformis . Nematode toxicity and recovery experiments were conducted in water solutions of tioxazafen, while root infection assays were conducted on tomato. Nematode paralysis was observed after 24 hr of exposure at 27.0 µg/ml tioxazafen for both the nematode species...

Meta-analysis was used to compare yield protection and nematode suppression provided by two, seed- and two, soil-applied nematicides against Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton across three years and several trial locations in the United States Cotton Belt. Nematicides consisted of thiodicarb- and fluopyram-treated seed, aldicarb and fluopyram applied in-furrow and combinations of the seed treatments and soil-applied fluopyram. The nematicides had no effect on nematode reproduction or root infection but had a significant impact on seed cotton yield response (¯D) with an average increase of 176 and 197 kg/ha relative to the nontreated control in M...

Soybean ( Glycine max ) is a major plant protein source and oilseed crop. However, plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) affect its annual yield. In the current study, in order to better understand the regulation of defense mechanism against PPNs in soybean, we investigated the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in response to two nematode species, Heterodera glycines (SCN: soybean cyst nematode) and Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform). To this end, two publicly available RNA-seq data sets (SCN data set and RAD: reniform-associated data set) were employed to discover the lncRNAome profile of soybean under SCN and reniform infection, respectively...

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is susceptible to damage by the root-knot and the reniform nematodes, causing yield losses greater than 4% annually in the United States. In addition, these nematodes are synergistic with seeding disease and root rot pathogens that exacerbate diseases and subsequent yield losses. Production practices to minimize nematode damage include crop rotation and nematicides, but these techniques need to be repeated and are expensive. The use of resistant cultivars is deemed the most effective and economical approach for managing nematodes in cotton...

Plant parasitic nematodes are a major yield-limiting factor of soybean in the United States and Canada. It has been indicated that soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) and reniform nematode (RN, Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira) resistance could be genetically related. For many years fragmentary data has shown this relationship. This report evaluates RN reproduction on 418 plant introductions (PIs) selected from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection with reported SCN resistance...

The poultry pathogen Histomonas meleagridis is transmitted by chicken cecal worms (Heterakis gallinarum) and is potentially transmitted by second order insect vectors and paratenic hosts. Darkling beetles (Alphitobius diaperinus) are poultry farm pests that infest barns. An outstanding question is the degree to which darkling beetles transmit both Heterakis and Histomonas. In this study we monitored populations of darkling beetles and assessed their positivity for both Heterakis and Histomonas by PCR. Uniquely, this study was conducted during the scheduled deconstruction of Auburn University's Poultry Research Farm...

Genetic analysis identified a unique combination of major QTL for resistance to important soybean nematodes concurrently present in a single soybean accession, which has not been reported earlier. An exotic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] accession, PI 567,305, was reported to be highly resistant to three important nematode species, soybean cyst (SCN), root-knot (RKN), and reniform (RN) nematodes. However, genetic basis controlling broad-spectrum resistance in this germplasm has not been investigated. We report results of genetic analysis to identify genomic loci conferring resistance to these nematode species...

One of the major problems in the U.S. and global cotton production is the damage caused by the reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis . Amplification of DNA from single nematodes for further molecular analysis can be challenging sometimes. In this research, two whole-genome amplification (WGA) methods were evaluated for their efficiencies in DNA amplification from a single reniform nematode. The WGA was carried out using both REPLI-g Mini and Midi kits, and the GenomePlex single cell whole-genome amplification kit...

Reniform nematode (RN, Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira) has emerged as one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Planting resistant varieties is the most effective strategy for nematode management. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for RN resistance in an exotic soybean line, PI 438489B, using two linkage maps constructed from the Universal Soybean Linkage Panel (USLP 1.0) and next-generation whole-genome resequencing (WGRS) technology...

Reniform nematodes of the genus Rotylenchulus are semi-endoparasites of numerous herbaceous and woody plant roots that occur largely in regions with temperate, subtropical, and tropical climates. In this study, we compared 12 populations of Rotylenchulus borealis and 16 populations of Rotylenchulus macrosoma , including paratypes deposited in nematode collections, confirming that morphological characters between both nematode species do not support their separation. In addition, analysis of molecular markers using nuclear ribosomal DNA ( 28S , ITS1 ) and mitochondrial DNA ( coxI ) genes, as well as phylogenetic approaches, confirmed the synonymy of R...